rename version to 0.30

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,67 @@
+#IMPORTANT INFORMATION
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+- Beta 0.26 and Beta 0.261, Beta 0.262, Beta 0.27 is complete test
+- You can download and use it.
+
+#NOTICE
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+I received uBITX a month ago and found that many features are required, and began coding with the idea of implementing minimal functionality as a general hf transceiver rather than an experimental device.
+
+- fixed bugs...
+- Diallock for uBITX's sensitive encoders
+- built in softare Memory keyer and cw options control for CW communication
+- Implementation of CAT communication protocol for Digital Communication (as FT8, JT65, etc)
+- Delay Options for external Linear.
+- and more...
+
+Most of the basic functions of the HF transceiver I thought were implemented.
+The minimum basic specification for uBITX to operate as a radio, I think it is finished.
+So I will release the 0.27 version and if I do not see the bug anymore, I will try to change the version name to 1.0.
+Now uBITX is an HF radio and will be able to join you in your happy hams life.
+Based on this source, you can use it by adding functions.
+
+I am going to do a new project based on this source, linking with WSPR, WSJT-X and so on.
+Of course, this repository is still running. If you have any bugs or ideas, please feel free to email me.
+
+http://www.hamskey.com
+
+DE KD8CEC
+kd8cec@gmail.com
+
 #uBITX
 uBITX firmware, written for the Raduino/Arduino control of uBITX transceivers
 This project is based on https://github.com/afarhan/ubitx and all copyright is inherited.
 The copyright information of the original is below.
 
 KD8CEC
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Prepared or finished tasks for the next version
+  - Most of them are implemented and included in version 0.27.
+  - User Interface on LCD -> Option by user (not need)
+  - Include WSPR Beacone function - (implement other new repository)
+    complete experiment
+    need solve : Big code size (over 100%, then remove some functions for experment)
+                 need replace Si5351 Library (increase risk and need more beta tester)
+                 W3PM sent me his wonderful source - using BITX, GPS 
+                  
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ## REVISION RECORD
+0.27 
+   (First alpha test version, This will be renamed to the major version 1.0)
+ - Dual VFO Dial Lock (vfoA Dial lock)
+ - Support Ham band on uBITX
+   default Hamband is regeion1 but customize by uBITX Manager Software
+ - Advanced ham band options (Tx control) for use in all countries. You can adjust it yourself.   
+ - Convenience of band movement
+
+0.26
+  - only Beta tester released & source code share
+  - find a bug on none initial eeprom uBITX - Fixed (Check -> initialized & compatible original source code)
+  - change the version number 0.26 -> 0.27
+  - Prevent overflow bugs
+  - bug with linux based Hamlib (raspberry pi), It was perfect for the 0.224 version, but there was a problem for the 0.25 version.  
+    On Windows, ham deluxe, wsjt-x, jt65-hf, and fldigi were successfully run. Problem with Raspberry pi.
+
 0.25
   - Beta Version Released
     http://www.hamskey.com/2018/01/release-beta-version-of-cat-support.html

ubitx_20/cat_libs.ino

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 /*************************************************************************
+  KD8CEC's CAT Library for uBITX and HAM
   This source code is written for uBITX, but it can also be used on other radios.
   
   The CAT protocol is used by many radios to provide remote control to comptuers through
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ void CatSetPTT(boolean isPTTOn, byte fromType)
 void CatVFOToggle(boolean isSendACK, byte fromType)
 {
   if (fromType != 2 && fromType != 3) {
-    menuVfoToggle(1);
+    menuVfoToggle(1, 0);
   }  
 
   if (isSendACK)
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ void ReadEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
 
 void WriteEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
 {
-  byte temp0 = CAT_BUFF[0];
+  //byte temp0 = CAT_BUFF[0];
   byte temp1 = CAT_BUFF[1];
 
   CAT_BUFF[0] = 0;
@@ -470,8 +471,8 @@ void WriteEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
         sideTone = (sideTonePitch * 50 + 300) + sideToneSub;
         printLineF2(F("Sidetone set! CAT"));
         EEPROM.put(CW_SIDETONE, sideTone);
-        delay(500);
-        printLine2("");
+        delay(300);                       //If timeout errors occur in the calling software, remove them
+        printLine2("");                   //Ham radio deluxe is the only one that supports this feature yet. and ham radio deluxe has wait time as greater than 500ms
       }
       break;
 
@@ -482,8 +483,8 @@ void WriteEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
         sideTone = (sideTonePitch * 50 + 300) + sideToneSub;
         printLineF2(F("Sidetone set! CAT"));
         EEPROM.put(CW_SIDETONE, sideTone);
-        delay(500);
-        printLine2("");
+        delay(300);                   //If timeout errors occur in the calling software, remove them
+        printLine2("");               //Ham radio deluxe is the only one that supports this feature yet. and ham radio deluxe has wait time as greater than 500ms
       }
       break;
 
@@ -502,7 +503,7 @@ void WriteEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
       cwDelayTime = CAT_BUFF[2];
       printLineF2(F("CW Speed set!"));
       EEPROM.put(CW_DELAY, cwDelayTime);
-      delay(500);
+      delay(300);
       printLine2("");
       break;
     case 0x62 : //
@@ -511,7 +512,7 @@ void WriteEEPRom_FT817(byte fromType)
       cwSpeed = 1200 / ((CAT_BUFF[2] & 0x3F) + 4);
       printLineF2(F("CW Speed set!"));
       EEPROM.put(CW_SPEED, cwSpeed);
-      delay(500);
+      delay(300);
       printLine2("");
 
       break;
@@ -629,7 +630,6 @@ void Check_Cat(byte fromType)
   }
   else if (Serial.available() < 5)
   {
-    /*
     //First Arrived
     if (rxBufferCheckCount == 0)
     {
@@ -649,8 +649,6 @@ void Check_Cat(byte fromType)
       rxBufferCheckCount = Serial.available();
       rxBufferArriveTime = millis() + CAT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT;  //Set time for timeout
     }
-    */
-    
     return;
   }
 

ubitx_20/cw_autokey.ino

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 /*************************************************************************
+  KD8CEC's Memory Keyer for HAM
+  
   This source code is written for All amateur radio operator, 
   I have not had amateur radio communication for a long time. CW has been 
   around for a long time, and I do not know what kind of keyer and keying 
@@ -13,6 +15,7 @@
   I wrote this code myself, so there is no license restriction. 
   So this code allows anyone to write with confidence.
   But keep it as long as the original author of the code.
+  DE Ian KD8CEC
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -208,10 +211,14 @@ void sendCWChar(char cwKeyChar)
         charLength = ((tmpChar >> 6) & 0x03) + 3;
         
         for (j = 0; j < charLength; j++)
-          sendBuff[j] = (tmpChar << j + 2) & 0x80;
+          sendBuff[j] = (tmpChar << (j + 2)) & 0x80;
 
         break;
       }
+      else
+      {
+        charLength = 0;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -257,7 +264,7 @@ unsigned long scrollDispayTime = 0;
 #define scrollSpeed 500
 byte displayScrolStep = 0;
 
-int controlAutoCW(){
+void controlAutoCW(){
     int knob = 0;
     byte i;
 

ubitx_20/ubitx_20.ino

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 /**
+ Since KD8CEC Version 0.29, most of the original code is no longer available.
+ Most features(TX, Frequency Range, Ham Band, TX Control, CW delay, start Delay... more) have been added by KD8CEC.
+ However, the license rules are subject to the original source rules.
+ DE Ian KD8CEC
+
+ Original source comment            -------------------------------------------------------------
  * This source file is under General Public License version 3.
  * 
  * This verision uses a built-in Si5351 library
@@ -152,6 +158,20 @@ int count = 0;          //to generally count ticks, loops, etc
 #define TX_TUNE_TYPE 261  //
 #define HAM_BAND_RANGE 262 //FROM (2BYTE) TO (2BYTE) * 10 = 40byte
 #define HAM_BAND_FREQS 302 //40, 1 BAND = 4Byte most bit is mode
+#define TUNING_STEP    342   //TUNING STEP * 6 (index 1 + STEPS 5)
+
+//for reduce cw key error, eeprom address
+#define CW_ADC_MOST_BIT1 348   //most 2bits of  DOT_TO , DOT_FROM, ST_TO, ST_FROM
+#define CW_ADC_ST_FROM   349   //CW ADC Range STRAIGHT KEY from (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_ST_TO     350   //CW ADC Range STRAIGHT KEY to   (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_DOT_FROM  351   //CW ADC Range DOT  from         (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_DOT_TO    352   //CW ADC Range DOT  to           (Lower 8 bit)
+
+#define CW_ADC_MOST_BIT2 353   //most 2bits of BOTH_TO, BOTH_FROM, DASH_TO, DASH_FROM
+#define CW_ADC_DASH_FROM 354   //CW ADC Range DASH from         (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_DASH_TO   355   //CW ADC Range DASH to           (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_BOTH_FROM 356   //CW ADC Range BOTH from         (Lower 8 bit)
+#define CW_ADC_BOTH_TO   357   //CW ADC Range BOTH to           (Lower 8 bit)
 
 //Check Firmware type and version
 #define FIRMWAR_ID_ADDR 776 //776 : 0x59, 777 :0x58, 778 : 0x68 : Id Number, if not found id, erase eeprom(32~1023) for prevent system error.
@@ -211,7 +231,7 @@ unsigned long vfoA=7150000L, vfoB=14200000L, sideTone=800, usbCarrier;
 unsigned long vfoA_eeprom, vfoB_eeprom; //for protect eeprom life
 unsigned long frequency, ritRxFrequency, ritTxFrequency;  //frequency is the current frequency on the dial
 
-int cwSpeed = 100; //this is actuall the dot period in milliseconds
+unsigned int cwSpeed = 100; //this is actuall the dot period in milliseconds
 extern int32_t calibration;
 
 //for store the mode in eeprom
@@ -235,7 +255,18 @@ byte sideToneSub = 0;
 //DialLock
 byte isDialLock = 0;  //000000[0]vfoB [0]vfoA 0Bit : A, 1Bit : B
 byte isTxType = 0;    //000000[0 - isSplit] [0 - isTXStop]
+byte arTuneStep[5];
+byte tuneStepIndex; //default Value 0, start Offset is 0 because of check new user
 
+//CW ADC Range
+int cwAdcSTFrom = 0;
+int cwAdcSTTo = 0;
+int cwAdcDotFrom = 0;
+int cwAdcDotTo = 0;
+int cwAdcDashFrom = 0;
+int cwAdcDashTo = 0;
+int cwAdcBothFrom = 0;
+int cwAdcBothTo = 0;
 
 //Variables for auto cw mode
 byte isCWAutoMode = 0;          //0 : none, 1 : CW_AutoMode_Menu_Selection, 2 : CW_AutoMode Sending
@@ -320,8 +351,8 @@ void setNextHamBandFreq(unsigned long f, char moveDirection)
   loadMode = (byte)(resultFreq >> 30);
   resultFreq = resultFreq & 0x3FFFFFFF;
   
-  if ((resultFreq / 1000) < hamBandRange[findedIndex][0] || (resultFreq / 1000) > hamBandRange[findedIndex][1])
-    resultFreq = (unsigned long)(hamBandRange[findedIndex][0]) * 1000;
+  if ((resultFreq / 1000) < hamBandRange[(unsigned char)findedIndex][0] || (resultFreq / 1000) > hamBandRange[(unsigned char)findedIndex][1])
+    resultFreq = (unsigned long)(hamBandRange[(unsigned char)findedIndex][0]) * 1000;
 
   setFrequency(resultFreq);
   byteWithFreqToMode(loadMode);
@@ -344,7 +375,7 @@ unsigned long delayBeforeTime = 0;
 byte delay_background(unsigned delayTime, byte fromType){ //fromType : 4 autoCWKey -> Check Paddle
   delayBeforeTime = millis();
 
-  while (millis() <= delayBeforeTime + delayTime) {
+  while (millis() - delayBeforeTime <= delayTime) {
 
     if (fromType == 4)
     {
@@ -422,10 +453,7 @@ void setTXFilters(unsigned long freq){
  */
  
 void setFrequency(unsigned long f){
-  uint64_t osc_f;
-
-  //1 digits discarded
-  f = (f / 50) * 50;
+  f = (f / arTuneStep[tuneStepIndex -1]) * arTuneStep[tuneStepIndex -1];
   
   setTXFilters(f);
 
@@ -448,8 +476,6 @@ void setFrequency(unsigned long f){
  */
  
 void startTx(byte txMode, byte isDisplayUpdate){
-  unsigned long tx_freq = 0;
-
   //Check Hamband only TX //Not found Hamband index by now frequency
   if (tuneTXType >= 100 && getIndexHambanBbyFreq(ritOn ? ritTxFrequency :  frequency) == -1) {
     //no message
@@ -545,8 +571,6 @@ void checkPTT(){
 }
 
 void checkButton(){
-  int i, t1, t2, knob, new_knob;
-
   //only if the button is pressed
   if (!btnDown())
     return;
@@ -565,17 +589,24 @@ void checkButton(){
 }
 
 
-/**
- * The tuning jumps by 50 Hz on each step when you tune slowly
- * As you spin the encoder faster, the jump size also increases 
- * This way, you can quickly move to another band by just spinning the 
- * tuning knob
- */
+/************************************
+Replace function by KD8CEC
+prevent error controls
+applied Threshold for reduct errors,  dial Lock, dynamic Step
+ *************************************/
+byte threshold = 2;  //noe action for count
+unsigned long lastEncInputtime = 0;
+int encodedSumValue = 0;
+unsigned long lastTunetime = 0; //if continous moving, skip threshold processing
+byte lastMovedirection = 0; //0 : stop, 1 : cw, 2 : ccw
 
-void doTuning(){
+#define skipThresholdTime 100
+#define encodeTimeOut 1000
+
+void doTuningWithThresHold(){
   int s = 0;
   unsigned long prev_freq;
-  int incdecValue = 0;
+  long incdecValue = 0;
 
   if ((vfoActive == VFO_A && ((isDialLock & 0x01) == 0x01)) ||
     (vfoActive == VFO_B && ((isDialLock & 0x02) == 0x02)))
@@ -584,54 +615,47 @@ void doTuning(){
   if (isCWAutoMode == 0 || cwAutoDialType == 1)
     s = enc_read();
 
-  if (s){
-    prev_freq = frequency;
-    
-    if (s > 10)
-      incdecValue = 200000l;
-    if (s > 7)
-      incdecValue = 10000l;
-    else if (s > 4)
-      incdecValue = 1000l;
-    else if (s > 2)
-      incdecValue = 500;
-    else if (s > 0)
-      incdecValue =  50l;
-    else if (s > -2)
-      incdecValue = -50l;
-    else if (s > -4)
-      incdecValue = -500l;
-    else if (s > -7)
-      incdecValue = -1000l;
-    else if (s > -9)
-      incdecValue = -10000l;
-    else
-      incdecValue = -200000l;
+  //if time is exceeded, it is recognized as an error,
+  //ignore exists values, because of errors
+  if (s == 0) {
+    if (encodedSumValue != 0 && (millis() - encodeTimeOut) > lastEncInputtime)
+      encodedSumValue = 0;
 
-    if (incdecValue > 0 && frequency + incdecValue > HIGHEST_FREQ_DIAL)
-        frequency = HIGHEST_FREQ_DIAL;      
-    else if (incdecValue < 0 && frequency < -incdecValue + LOWEST_FREQ_DIAL)  //for compute and compare based integer type.
-      frequency = LOWEST_FREQ_DIAL;
-    else
-      frequency += incdecValue;
-      
-    if (prev_freq < 10000000l && frequency > 10000000l)
-      isUSB = true;
-      
-    if (prev_freq > 10000000l && frequency < 10000000l)
-      isUSB = false;
-
-    setFrequency(frequency);
-    updateDisplay();
+    lastMovedirection = 0;
+    return;
   }
+  lastEncInputtime = millis();
+
+  //for check moving direction
+  encodedSumValue += (s > 0 ? 1 : -1);
+
+  //check threshold and operator actions (hold dial speed = continous moving, skip threshold check)
+  if ((lastTunetime < millis() - skipThresholdTime) && ((encodedSumValue *  encodedSumValue) <= (threshold * threshold)))
+    return;
+
+  lastTunetime = millis();
+
+  //Valid Action without noise
+  encodedSumValue = 0;
+
+  prev_freq = frequency;
+  //incdecValue = tuningStep * s;
+  frequency += (arTuneStep[tuneStepIndex -1] * s * (s * s < 10 ? 1 : 3));  //appield weight (s is speed)
+    
+  if (prev_freq < 10000000l && frequency > 10000000l)
+    isUSB = true;
+    
+  if (prev_freq > 10000000l && frequency < 10000000l)
+    isUSB = false;
+    
+  setFrequency(frequency);
+  updateDisplay();
 }
 
 /**
  * RIT only steps back and forth by 100 hz at a time
  */
 void doRIT(){
-  unsigned long newFreq;
- 
   int knob = enc_read();
   unsigned long old_freq = frequency;
 
@@ -694,7 +718,10 @@ void initSettings(){
   EEPROM.get(VFO_B, vfoB);
   EEPROM.get(CW_SIDETONE, sideTone);
   EEPROM.get(CW_SPEED, cwSpeed);
-
+  //End of original code
+  
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------
+  //Add Lines by KD8CEC
   //for custom source Section =============================
   //ID & Version Check from EEProm 
   //if found different firmware, erase eeprom (32
@@ -738,18 +765,103 @@ void initSettings(){
   EEPROM.get(HAM_BAND_COUNT, useHamBandCount);
   EEPROM.get(TX_TUNE_TYPE, tuneTXType);
 
-  
-  if ((3 < tuneTXType && tuneTXType < 100) || 103 < tuneTXType || useHamBandCount < 1)
-    tuneTXType = 0;
+  byte findedValidValueCount = 0;
     
   //Read band Information
   for (byte i = 0; i < useHamBandCount; i++) {
     unsigned int tmpReadValue = 0;
     EEPROM.get(HAM_BAND_RANGE + 4 * i, tmpReadValue);
     hamBandRange[i][0] = tmpReadValue;
+
+    if (tmpReadValue > 1 && tmpReadValue < 55000)
+      findedValidValueCount++;
+
     EEPROM.get(HAM_BAND_RANGE + 4 * i + 2, tmpReadValue);
     hamBandRange[i][1] = tmpReadValue;
   }
+
+  //Check Value Range and default Set for new users
+  if ((3 < tuneTXType && tuneTXType < 100) || 103 < tuneTXType || useHamBandCount < 1 || findedValidValueCount < 5)
+  {
+    tuneTXType = 2;
+    //if empty band Information, auto insert default region 1 frequency range
+    //This part is made temporary for people who have difficulty setting up, so can remove it when you run out of memory.
+    useHamBandCount = 10;
+    hamBandRange[0][0] = 1810; hamBandRange[0][1] = 2000; 
+    hamBandRange[1][0] = 3500; hamBandRange[1][1] = 3800; 
+    hamBandRange[2][0] = 5351; hamBandRange[2][1] = 5367; 
+    hamBandRange[3][0] = 7000; hamBandRange[3][1] = 7200; 
+    hamBandRange[4][0] = 10100; hamBandRange[4][1] = 10150; 
+    hamBandRange[5][0] = 14000; hamBandRange[5][1] = 14350; 
+    hamBandRange[6][0] = 18068; hamBandRange[6][1] = 18168; 
+    hamBandRange[7][0] = 21000; hamBandRange[7][1] = 21450; 
+    hamBandRange[8][0] = 24890; hamBandRange[8][1] = 24990; 
+    hamBandRange[9][0] = 28000; hamBandRange[9][1] = 29700; 
+  }
+  
+
+  //Read Tuning Step Index, and steps
+  findedValidValueCount = 0;
+  EEPROM.get(TUNING_STEP, tuneStepIndex);
+  for (byte i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    arTuneStep[i] = EEPROM.read(TUNING_STEP + i + 1);
+    if (arTuneStep[i] >= 1 && arTuneStep[i] < 251) //Maximum 250 for check valid Value
+       findedValidValueCount++;
+  }
+
+  //Check Value Range and default Set for new users
+  if (findedValidValueCount < 5)
+  {
+    //Default Setting
+    arTuneStep[0] = 10;
+    arTuneStep[1] = 20;
+    arTuneStep[2] = 50;
+    arTuneStep[3] = 100;
+    arTuneStep[4] = 200;
+  }
+
+  if (tuneStepIndex == 0) //New User
+    tuneStepIndex = 3;
+
+  //CW Key ADC Range ======= adjust set value for reduce cw keying error
+  //by KD8CEC
+  unsigned int tmpMostBits = 0;
+  tmpMostBits = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_MOST_BIT1);
+  cwAdcSTFrom = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_ST_FROM)   | ((tmpMostBits & 0x03) << 8);
+  cwAdcSTTo = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_ST_TO)       | ((tmpMostBits & 0x0C) << 6);
+  cwAdcDotFrom = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_DOT_FROM) | ((tmpMostBits & 0x30) << 4);
+  cwAdcDotTo = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_DOT_TO)     | ((tmpMostBits & 0xC0) << 2);
+  
+  tmpMostBits = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_MOST_BIT2);
+  cwAdcDashFrom = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_DASH_FROM) | ((tmpMostBits & 0x03) << 8);
+  cwAdcDashTo = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_DASH_TO)     | ((tmpMostBits & 0x0C) << 6);
+  cwAdcBothFrom = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_BOTH_FROM) | ((tmpMostBits & 0x30) << 4);
+  cwAdcBothTo = EEPROM.read(CW_ADC_BOTH_TO)     | ((tmpMostBits & 0xC0) << 2);
+
+  //default Value (for original hardware)
+  if (cwAdcSTFrom >= cwAdcSTTo)
+  {
+    cwAdcSTFrom = 0;
+    cwAdcSTTo = 50;
+  }
+
+  if (cwAdcBothFrom >= cwAdcBothTo)
+  {
+    cwAdcBothFrom = 51;
+    cwAdcBothTo = 300;
+  }
+  
+  if (cwAdcDotFrom >= cwAdcDotTo)
+  {
+    cwAdcDotFrom = 301;
+    cwAdcDotTo = 600;
+  }
+  if (cwAdcDashFrom >= cwAdcDashTo)
+  {
+    cwAdcDashFrom = 601;
+    cwAdcDashTo = 800;
+  }
+  //end of CW Keying Variables
   
   if (cwDelayTime < 1 || cwDelayTime > 250)
     cwDelayTime = 60;
@@ -760,6 +872,7 @@ void initSettings(){
   if (vfoB_mode < 2)
     vfoB_mode = 3;
 
+  //original code with modified by kd8cec
   if (usbCarrier > 12010000l || usbCarrier < 11990000l)
     usbCarrier = 11995000l;
     
@@ -772,8 +885,9 @@ void initSettings(){
      vfoB = 14150000l;  
      vfoB_mode = 3;
   }
+  //end of original code section
 
-  //for protect eeprom life
+  //for protect eeprom life by KD8CEC
   vfoA_eeprom = vfoA;
   vfoB_eeprom = vfoB;
   vfoA_mode_eeprom = vfoA_mode;
@@ -844,7 +958,7 @@ void setup()
   
   //Serial.begin(9600);
   lcd.begin(16, 2);
-  printLineF(1, F("CECBT v0.27")); 
+  printLineF(1, F("CECBT v0.30")); 
 
   Init_Cat(38400, SERIAL_8N1);
   initMeter(); //not used in this build
@@ -931,7 +1045,7 @@ void loop(){
     if (ritOn)
       doRIT();
     else 
-      doTuning();
+      doTuningWithThresHold();
   }
 
   //we check CAT after the encoder as it might put the radio into TX

ubitx_20/ubitx_keyer.ino

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 /**
- * CW Keyer
- * 
+ CW Keyer
+ CW Key logic change with ron's code (ubitx_keyer.cpp)
+ Ron's logic has been modified to work with the original uBITX by KD8CEC
+
+ Original Comment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * The CW keyer handles either a straight key or an iambic / paddle key.
  * They all use just one analog input line. This is how it works.
  * The analog line has the internal pull-up resistor enabled. 
@@ -34,7 +37,6 @@
 //when both are simultaneously pressed
 char lastPaddle = 0;
 
-
 //reads the analog keyer pin and reports the paddle
 byte getPaddle(){
   int paddle = analogRead(ANALOG_KEYER);
@@ -81,13 +83,183 @@ void cwKeyUp(){
   cwTimeout = millis() + cwDelayTime * 10;
 }
 
+//Variables for Ron's new logic
+#define DIT_L 0x01 // DIT latch
+#define DAH_L 0x02 // DAH latch
+#define DIT_PROC 0x04 // DIT is being processed
+#define PDLSWAP 0x08 // 0 for normal, 1 for swap
+#define IAMBICB 0x10 // 0 for Iambic A, 1 for Iambic B
+enum KSTYPE {IDLE, CHK_DIT, CHK_DAH, KEYED_PREP, KEYED, INTER_ELEMENT };
+static long ktimer;
+bool Iambic_Key = true;
+unsigned char keyerControl = IAMBICB;
+unsigned char keyerState = IDLE;
+
+//Below is a test to reduce the keying error. do not delete lines
+//create by KD8CEC for compatible with new CW Logic
+char update_PaddleLatch(byte isUpdateKeyState) {
+  unsigned char tmpKeyerControl;
+  int paddle = analogRead(ANALOG_KEYER);
+
+  if (paddle > cwAdcDashFrom && paddle < cwAdcDashTo)
+    tmpKeyerControl |= DAH_L;
+  else if (paddle > cwAdcDotFrom && paddle < cwAdcDotTo)
+    tmpKeyerControl |= DIT_L;
+  else if (paddle > cwAdcBothFrom && paddle < cwAdcBothTo)
+    tmpKeyerControl |= (DAH_L | DIT_L) ;     
+  else 
+  {
+    if (Iambic_Key)
+      tmpKeyerControl = 0 ;
+    else if (paddle > cwAdcSTFrom && paddle < cwAdcSTTo)
+      tmpKeyerControl = DIT_L ;
+     else
+       tmpKeyerControl = 0 ; 
+  }
+  
+  if (isUpdateKeyState == 1)
+    keyerControl |= tmpKeyerControl;
+
+  return tmpKeyerControl;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+// New logic, by RON
+// modified by KD8CEC
+******************************************************************************/
+void cwKeyer(void){
+  byte paddle;
+  lastPaddle = 0;
+  int dot,dash;
+  bool continue_loop = true;
+  unsigned tmpKeyControl = 0;
+  
+  if( Iambic_Key ) {
+    while(continue_loop) {
+      switch (keyerState) {
+        case IDLE:
+          tmpKeyControl = update_PaddleLatch(0);
+          if ( tmpKeyControl == DAH_L || tmpKeyControl == DIT_L || 
+            tmpKeyControl == (DAH_L | DIT_L) || (keyerControl & 0x03)) {
+             update_PaddleLatch(1);
+             keyerState = CHK_DIT;
+          }else{
+            if (0 < cwTimeout && cwTimeout < millis()){
+              cwTimeout = 0;
+              stopTx();
+            }
+            continue_loop = false;
+          }
+          break;
+    
+        case CHK_DIT:
+          if (keyerControl & DIT_L) {
+            keyerControl |= DIT_PROC;
+            ktimer = cwSpeed;
+            keyerState = KEYED_PREP;
+          }else{
+            keyerState = CHK_DAH;
+          }
+          break;
+    
+        case CHK_DAH:
+          if (keyerControl & DAH_L) {
+            ktimer = cwSpeed*3;
+            keyerState = KEYED_PREP;
+          }else{
+            keyerState = IDLE;
+          }
+          break;
+    
+        case KEYED_PREP:
+          ktimer += millis(); // set ktimer to interval end time
+          keyerControl &= ~(DIT_L + DAH_L); // clear both paddle latch bits
+          keyerState = KEYED; // next state
+          if (!inTx){
+            keyDown = 0;
+            cwTimeout = millis() + cwDelayTime * 10;  //+ CW_TIMEOUT;
+            startTx(TX_CW, 1);
+          }
+          cwKeydown();
+          break;
+    
+        case KEYED:
+          if (millis() > ktimer) { // are we at end of key down ?
+           cwKeyUp();
+           ktimer = millis() + cwSpeed; // inter-element time
+            keyerState = INTER_ELEMENT; // next state
+          }else if (keyerControl & IAMBICB) {
+            update_PaddleLatch(1); // early paddle latch in Iambic B mode
+          }
+          break;
+    
+        case INTER_ELEMENT:
+          // Insert time between dits/dahs
+          update_PaddleLatch(1); // latch paddle state
+          if (millis() > ktimer) { // are we at end of inter-space ?
+            if (keyerControl & DIT_PROC) { // was it a dit or dah ?
+              keyerControl &= ~(DIT_L + DIT_PROC); // clear two bits
+              keyerState = CHK_DAH; // dit done, check for dah
+            }else{
+              keyerControl &= ~(DAH_L); // clear dah latch
+              keyerState = IDLE; // go idle
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+  
+      Check_Cat(3);
+    } //end of while
+  }
+  else{
+    while(1){
+      if (update_PaddleLatch(0) == DIT_L) {
+        // if we are here, it is only because the key is pressed
+        if (!inTx){
+          keyDown = 0;
+          cwTimeout = millis() + cwDelayTime * 10;  //+ CW_TIMEOUT; 
+          startTx(TX_CW, 1);
+        }
+        cwKeydown();
+        
+        while ( update_PaddleLatch(0) == DIT_L ) 
+          delay_background(1, 3);
+          
+        cwKeyUp();
+      }
+      else{
+        if (0 < cwTimeout && cwTimeout < millis()){
+          cwTimeout = 0;
+          keyDown = 0;
+          stopTx();
+        }
+        if (!cwTimeout)
+          return;
+        // got back to the beginning of the loop, if no further activity happens on straight key
+        // we will time out, and return out of this routine 
+        //delay(5);
+        delay_background(5, 3);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      Check_Cat(2);
+    } //end of while
+  }   //end of elese
+}
+
+
+//=======================================================================================
+//Before logic
+//by Farhan and modified by KD8CEC
+//======================================================================================
+
 /**
  * The keyer handles the straight key as well as the iambic key
  * This module keeps looping until the user stops sending cw
  * if the cwTimeout is set to 0, then it means, we have to exit the keyer loop
  * Each time the key is hit the cwTimeout is pushed to a time in the future by cwKeyDown()
  */
- 
+ /*
 void cwKeyer(){
   byte paddle;
   lastPaddle = 0;
@@ -111,17 +283,7 @@ void cwKeyer(){
       if (!cwTimeout)
         return;
 
-      //if a paddle was used (not a straight key) we should extend the space to be a full dash 
-      //by adding two more dots long space (one has already been added at the end of the dot or dash)
-      /*
-      if (cwTimeout > 0 && lastPaddle != PADDLE_STRAIGHT)
-        delay_background(cwSpeed * 2, 3);
-        //delay(cwSpeed * 2);
-
-      // got back to the begining of the loop, if no further activity happens on the paddle or the straight key
-      // we will time out, and return out of this routine 
-      delay(5);
-      */
+      Check_Cat(2); //for uBITX on Raspberry pi, when straight keying, disconnect / test complete
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -184,3 +346,6 @@ void cwKeyer(){
       delay(cwSpeed);
   }
 }
+*/
+
+

ubitx_20/ubitx_menu.ino

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 #define printLineF1(x) (printLineF(1, x))
 #define printLineF2(x) (printLineF(0, x))
 
-int menuBand(int btn){
+//Ham band move by KD8CEC
+void menuBand(int btn){
   int knob = 0;
   int stepChangeCount = 0;
   byte btnPressCount = 0;
@@ -36,21 +37,6 @@ int menuBand(int btn){
       }
       else {
         tuneTXType = 2;
-        //if empty band Information, auto insert default region 1 frequency range
-        //This part is made temporary for people who have difficulty setting up, so can remove it when you run out of memory.
-        if (useHamBandCount < 1) {
-          useHamBandCount = 10;
-          hamBandRange[0][0] = 1810; hamBandRange[0][1] = 2000; 
-          hamBandRange[1][0] = 3500; hamBandRange[1][1] = 3800; 
-          hamBandRange[2][0] = 5351; hamBandRange[2][1] = 5367; 
-          hamBandRange[3][0] = 7000; hamBandRange[3][1] = 7200; 
-          hamBandRange[4][0] = 10100; hamBandRange[4][1] = 10150; 
-          hamBandRange[5][0] = 14000; hamBandRange[5][1] = 14350; 
-          hamBandRange[6][0] = 18068; hamBandRange[6][1] = 18168; 
-          hamBandRange[7][0] = 21000; hamBandRange[7][1] = 21450; 
-          hamBandRange[8][0] = 24890; hamBandRange[8][1] = 24990; 
-          hamBandRange[9][0] = 28000; hamBandRange[9][1] = 29700; 
-        }
         printLineF2(F("Ham band mode"));
       }
       delay_background(1000, 0);
@@ -132,6 +118,7 @@ int menuBand(int btn){
   menuOn = 0;
 }
 
+//Convert Mode, Number by KD8CEC
 //0: default, 1:not use, 2:LSB, 3:USB, 4:CW, 5:AM, 6:FM
 byte modeToByte(){
   if (isUSB)
@@ -140,12 +127,15 @@ byte modeToByte(){
     return 2;
 }
 
+//Convert Number to Mode by KD8CEC
 void byteToMode(byte modeValue){
   if (modeValue == 3)
     isUSB = 1;
   else
     isUSB = 0;
 }
+
+//Convert Number to Mode by KD8CEC
 void byteWithFreqToMode(byte modeValue){
   if (modeValue == 3)
     isUSB = 1;
@@ -155,7 +145,8 @@ void byteWithFreqToMode(byte modeValue){
     isUSB = 0;
 }
 
-void menuVfoToggle(int btn)
+//VFO Toggle and save VFO Information, modified by KD8CEC
+void menuVfoToggle(int btn, char isUseDelayTime)
 {
   if (!btn){
     if (vfoActive == VFO_A)
@@ -189,8 +180,9 @@ void menuVfoToggle(int btn)
 
       ritDisable();
 
-      //updateDisplay();
-      delay_background(500, 0);
+      if (isUseDelayTime == 1)        //Found Issue in wsjt-x Linux 32bit 
+        delay_background(500, 0);
+        
       printLine2ClearAndUpdate();
       //exit the menu
       menuOn = 0;
@@ -243,6 +235,123 @@ void menuSidebandToggle(int btn){
   }
 }
 
+//Select CW Key Type by KD8CEC
+void menuSetupKeyType(int btn){
+  if (!btn && digitalRead(PTT) == HIGH){
+      if (Iambic_Key)
+        printLineF2(F("Key: Straight?"));
+      else
+        printLineF2(F("Key: Fn=A, PTT=B"));
+  }
+  else {
+      if (Iambic_Key)
+      {
+        printLineF2(F("Straight Key!"));
+        Iambic_Key = false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        Iambic_Key = true;
+        if (btn)
+        {
+          keyerControl &= ~IAMBICB;
+          printLineF2(F("IAMBICA Key!"));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          keyerControl |= IAMBICB;
+          printLineF2(F("IAMBICB Key!"));
+        }
+      }
+      
+    delay_background(500, 0);
+    printLine2ClearAndUpdate();
+    menuOn = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+//Analog pin monitoring with CW Key and function keys connected.
+//by KD8CEC
+void menuADCMonitor(int btn){
+  int adcPinA0 = 0;  //A0(BLACK, EncoderA)
+  int adcPinA1 = 0;  //A1(BROWN, EncoderB)
+  int adcPinA2 = 0;  //A2(RED, Function Key)
+  int adcPinA3 = 0;  //A3(ORANGE, CW Key)
+  int adcPinA6 = 0;  //A6(BLUE, Ptt)
+  int adcPinA7 = 0;  //A7(VIOLET, Spare)
+  unsigned long pressKeyTime = 0;
+  
+  if (!btn){
+        printLineF2(F("ADC Line Monitor"));
+        return;
+  }
+  
+  printLineF2(F("Exit:Long PTT"));
+  delay_background(2000, 0);
+  printLineF1(F("A0   A1   A2"));
+  printLineF2(F("A3   A6   A7"));
+  delay_background(3000, 0);
+  
+  while (true) {
+    adcPinA0 = analogRead(A0);  //A0(BLACK, EncoderA)
+    adcPinA1 = analogRead(A1);  //A1(BROWN, EncoderB)
+    adcPinA2 = analogRead(A2);  //A2(RED, Function Key)
+    adcPinA3 = analogRead(A3);  //A3(ORANGE, CW Key)
+    adcPinA6 = analogRead(A6);  //A6(BLUE, Ptt)
+    adcPinA7 = analogRead(A7);  //A7(VIOLET, Spare)
+
+/*
+  sprintf(c, "%4d %4d %4d", adcPinA0, adcPinA1, adcPinA2);
+  printLine1(c);
+  sprintf(c, "%4d %4d %4d", adcPinA3, adcPinA6, adcPinA7);
+  printLine2(c);
+*/  
+  
+    if (adcPinA6 < 10) {
+      if (pressKeyTime == 0)
+        pressKeyTime = millis();
+      else if (pressKeyTime < (millis() - 3000))
+          break;
+    }
+    else
+      pressKeyTime = 0;
+    
+    ltoa(adcPinA0, c, 10);
+    //strcat(b, c);
+    strcpy(b, c);
+    strcat(b, ", ");
+    
+    ltoa(adcPinA1, c, 10);
+    strcat(b, c);
+    strcat(b, ", ");
+    
+    ltoa(adcPinA2, c, 10);
+    strcat(b, c);
+
+    printLine1(b);
+
+    //strcpy(b, " ");
+    ltoa(adcPinA3, c, 10);
+    strcpy(b, c);
+    strcat(b, ", ");
+
+    ltoa(adcPinA6, c, 10);
+    strcat(b, c);
+    strcat(b, ", ");
+    
+    ltoa(adcPinA7, c, 10);
+    strcat(b, c);
+    printLine2(b);
+    
+    delay_background(200, 0);
+  } //end of while
+      
+  printLine2ClearAndUpdate();
+  menuOn = 0;
+}
+
+//Function to disbled transmission
+//by KD8CEC
 void menuTxOnOff(int btn, byte optionType){
   if (!btn){
     if ((isTxType & optionType) == 0)
@@ -301,7 +410,7 @@ void menuExit(int btn){
   }
 }
 
-int menuCWSpeed(int btn){
+void menuCWSpeed(int btn){
     int knob = 0;
     int wpm;
 
@@ -356,7 +465,8 @@ int menuCWSpeed(int btn){
     menuOn = 0;
 }
 
-int menuCWAutoKey(int btn){
+//Builtin CW Keyer Logic by KD8CEC
+void menuCWAutoKey(int btn){
     if (!btn){
      printLineF2(F("CW AutoKey Mode?"));
      return;
@@ -379,7 +489,8 @@ int menuCWAutoKey(int btn){
     menuOn = 0;
 }
 
-int menuSetupCwDelay(int btn){
+//Modified by KD8CEC
+void menuSetupCwDelay(int btn){
     int knob = 0;
     int tmpCWDelay = cwDelayTime * 10;
      
@@ -427,7 +538,8 @@ int menuSetupCwDelay(int btn){
     menuOn = 0;
 }
 
-int menuSetupTXCWInterval(int btn){
+//CW Time delay by KD8CEC
+void menuSetupTXCWInterval(int btn){
     int knob = 0;
     int tmpTXCWInterval = delayBeforeCWStartTime * 2;
      
@@ -490,10 +602,8 @@ int menuSetupTXCWInterval(int btn){
 extern int32_t calibration;
 extern uint32_t si5351bx_vcoa;
 
-int factoryCalibration(int btn){
+void factoryCalibration(int btn){
   int knob = 0;
-  int32_t prev_calibration;
-
 
   //keep clear of any previous button press
   while (btnDown())
@@ -502,10 +612,9 @@ int factoryCalibration(int btn){
    
   if (!btn){
     printLineF2(F("Set Calibration?"));
-    return 0;
+    return;
   }
 
-  prev_calibration = calibration;
   calibration = 0;
 
   isUSB = true;
@@ -560,13 +669,13 @@ int factoryCalibration(int btn){
   delay(100);
 }
 
-int menuSetupCalibration(int btn){
+void menuSetupCalibration(int btn){
   int knob = 0;
   int32_t prev_calibration;
    
   if (!btn){
     printLineF2(F("Set Calibration?"));
-    return 0;
+    return;
   }
 
   printLineF1(F("Set to Zero-beat,"));
@@ -641,6 +750,7 @@ void printCarrierFreq(unsigned long freq){
   printLine2(c);    
 }
 
+//modified by KD8CEC (just 1 line remarked //usbCarrier = ...
 void menuSetupCarrier(int btn){
   int knob = 0;
   unsigned long prevCarrier;
@@ -655,7 +765,8 @@ void menuSetupCarrier(int btn){
   printLineF1(F("PTT to confirm. "));
   delay_background(1000, 0);
 
-  usbCarrier = 11995000l;
+  //usbCarrier = 11995000l; //Remarked by KD8CEC, Suggest from many user, if entry routine factoryrest
+  
   si5351bx_setfreq(0, usbCarrier);
   printCarrierFreq(usbCarrier);
 
@@ -693,6 +804,7 @@ void menuSetupCarrier(int btn){
   menuOn = 0; 
 }
 
+//Modified by KD8CEC
 void menuSetupCwTone(int btn){
     int knob = 0;
     int prev_sideTone;
@@ -741,6 +853,7 @@ void menuSetupCwTone(int btn){
     menuOn = 0; 
  }
 
+//Lock Dial move by KD8CEC
 void setDialLock(byte tmpLock, byte fromMode) {
   if (tmpLock == 1)
     isDialLock |= (vfoActive == VFO_A ? 0x01 : 0x02);
@@ -758,22 +871,30 @@ void setDialLock(byte tmpLock, byte fromMode) {
   printLine2ClearAndUpdate();
 }
 
-int btnDownTimeCount;
+unsigned int btnDownTimeCount;
 
+#define PRESS_ADJUST_TUNE 1000
+#define PRESS_LOCK_CONTROL 2000
+
+//Modified by KD8CEC
 void doMenu(){
   int select=0, i,btnState;
+  char isNeedDisplay = 0;
   
   //for DialLock On/Off function
   btnDownTimeCount = 0;
   
   //wait for the button to be raised up
+
+  //Appened Lines by KD8CEC for Adjust Tune step and Set Dial lock
   while(btnDown()){
     delay(50);
     Check_Cat(0);  //To prevent disconnections
     
-    //btnDownTimeCount++;
-    //check long time Down Button -> 3 Second
-    if (btnDownTimeCount++ > (2000 / 50)) {
+    if (btnDownTimeCount++ == (PRESS_ADJUST_TUNE / 50)) { //Set Tune Step 
+      printLineF2(F("Set Tune Step?"));
+    }
+    else if (btnDownTimeCount > (PRESS_LOCK_CONTROL / 50)) {  //check long time Down Button -> 2.5 Second => Lock
       if (vfoActive == VFO_A)
         setDialLock((isDialLock & 0x01) == 0x01 ? 0 : 1, 0); //Reverse Dial lock
       else
@@ -783,6 +904,55 @@ void doMenu(){
   }
   delay(50);  //debounce
 
+  //ADJUST TUNE STEP 
+  if (btnDownTimeCount > (PRESS_ADJUST_TUNE / 50))
+  {
+    printLineF1(F("Press Key to set"));
+    isNeedDisplay = 1; //check to need display for display current value
+    
+    while (digitalRead(PTT) == HIGH && !btnDown())
+    {
+      Check_Cat(0);  //To prevent disconnections
+      delay(50);  //debounce    
+
+      if (isNeedDisplay) {
+        strcpy(b, "Tune Step:");
+        itoa(arTuneStep[tuneStepIndex -1], c, 10);
+        strcat(b, c);
+        printLine2(b);
+        isNeedDisplay = 0;
+      }
+        
+      i = enc_read();
+
+      if (i != 0) {
+        select += (i > 0 ? 1 : -1);
+
+        if (select * select >= 25) {  //Threshold 5 * 5 = 25
+          if (select < 0) {
+            if (tuneStepIndex > 1)
+              tuneStepIndex--;
+          }
+          else {
+            if (tuneStepIndex < 5)
+              tuneStepIndex++;
+          }
+          select = 0;
+          isNeedDisplay = 1;
+        }
+      }
+    } //end of while
+
+    printLineF2(F("Changed Step!"));
+    //SAVE EEPROM
+    EEPROM.put(TUNING_STEP, tuneStepIndex);
+    delay_background(500, 0);
+    printLine2ClearAndUpdate();
+    return;
+  }   //set tune step
+
+  //Below codes are origial code with modified by KD8CEC
+  //Select menu
   menuOn = 2;
   
   while (menuOn){
@@ -790,20 +960,23 @@ void doMenu(){
     btnState = btnDown();
 
     if (i > 0){
-      if (modeCalibrate && select + i < 150)
+      if (modeCalibrate && select + i < 170)
         select += i;
       if (!modeCalibrate && select + i < 80)
         select += i;
     }
-    if (i < 0 && select - i >= 0)
+    //if (i < 0 && select - i >= 0)
+    if (i < 0 && select - i >= -10)
       select += i;      //caught ya, i is already -ve here, so you add it
 
-    if (select < 10)
+    if (select < -5)
+      menuExit(btnState);
+    else if (select < 10)
       menuBand(btnState);
     else if (select < 20)
       menuRitToggle(btnState);
     else if (select < 30)
-      menuVfoToggle(btnState);
+      menuVfoToggle(btnState, 1);
     else if (select < 40)
       menuSidebandToggle(btnState);
     else if (select < 50)
@@ -825,8 +998,12 @@ void doMenu(){
     else if (select < 130 && modeCalibrate)
       menuSetupTXCWInterval(btnState);
     else if (select < 140 && modeCalibrate)
-      menuTxOnOff(btnState, 0x01);      //TX OFF / ON
+      menuSetupKeyType(btnState);
     else if (select < 150 && modeCalibrate)
+      menuADCMonitor(btnState);
+    else if (select < 160 && modeCalibrate)
+      menuTxOnOff(btnState, 0x01);      //TX OFF / ON
+    else if (select < 170 && modeCalibrate)
       menuExit(btnState);
 
     Check_Cat(0);  //To prevent disconnections

ubitx_20/ubitx_si5351.ino

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void i2cWriten(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *vals, uint8_t vcnt) {  // write array
 
 
 void si5351bx_init() {                  // Call once at power-up, start PLLA
-  uint8_t reg;  uint32_t msxp1;
+  uint32_t msxp1;
   Wire.begin();
   i2cWrite(149, 0);                     // SpreadSpectrum off
   i2cWrite(3, si5351bx_clken);          // Disable all CLK output drivers

ubitx_20/ubitx_ui.ino

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void drawMeter(int8_t needle){
 */
 
 // The generic routine to display one line on the LCD 
-void printLine(char linenmbr, char *c) {
+void printLine(unsigned char linenmbr, const char *c) {
   if (strcmp(c, printBuff[linenmbr])) {     // only refresh the display when there was a change
     lcd.setCursor(0, linenmbr);             // place the cursor at the beginning of the selected line
     lcd.print(c);
@@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ void printLineFromEEPRom(char linenmbr, char lcdColumn, byte eepromStartIndex, b
 }
 
 //  short cut to print to the first line
-void printLine1(char *c){
+void printLine1(const char *c){
   printLine(1,c);
 }
 //  short cut to print to the first line
-void printLine2(char *c){
+void printLine2(const char *c){
   printLine(0,c);
 }
 
@@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ int enc_read(void) {
   byte newState;
   int enc_speed = 0;
   
-  long stop_by = millis() + 50;
+  unsigned long start_at = millis();
   
-  while (millis() < stop_by) { // check if the previous state was stable
+  while (millis() - start_at < 50) { // check if the previous state was stable
     newState = enc_state(); // Get current state  
     
     if (newState != enc_prev_state)