mirror of https://github.com/thangisme/notes.git
332 lines
8.7 KiB
Markdown
332 lines
8.7 KiB
Markdown
# Browserslist
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Library to share supported browsers list between different front-end tools.
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It is used in [Autoprefixer], [Stylelint], [eslint-plugin-compat]
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and [babel-env-preset].
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All tools that rely on Browserslist will find its config automatically,
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when you add the following to `package.json`:
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```json
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{
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"browserslist": [
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"> 1%",
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"last 2 versions"
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]
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}
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```
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Or in `browserslist` config:
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```yaml
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# Browsers that we support
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> 1%
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Last 2 versions
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IE 10 # sorry
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```
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Developers set browsers list in queries like `last 2 version`
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to be free from updating browser versions manually.
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Browserslist will use [Can i Use] data for this queries.
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Browserslist will take browsers queries from tool option,
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`browserslist` config, `browserslist` section in `package.json`
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or environment variables.
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You can test Browserslist queries in [online demo].
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<a href="https://evilmartians.com/?utm_source=browserslist">
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<img src="https://evilmartians.com/badges/sponsored-by-evil-martians.svg"
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alt="Sponsored by Evil Martians"
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width="236"
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height="54"
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\>
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</a>
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[eslint-plugin-compat]: https://github.com/amilajack/eslint-plugin-compat
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[babel-env-preset]: https://github.com/babel/babel-preset-env
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[Autoprefixer]: https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer
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[online demo]: http://browserl.ist/
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[Stylelint]: http://stylelint.io/
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[Can I Use]: http://caniuse.com/
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## Queries
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Browserslist will use browsers query from one of this sources:
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1. Tool options. For example `browsers` option in Autoprefixer.
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2. `BROWSERSLIST` environment variable.
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3. `browserslist` config file in current or parent directories.
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4. `browserslist` key in `package.json` file in current or parent directories.
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5. If the above methods did not produce a valid result
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Browserslist will use defaults: `> 1%, last 2 versions, Firefox ESR`.
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We recommends to write queries in `browserslist` config or `package.json`.
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You can specify the versions by queries (case insensitive):
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* `last 2 versions`: the last 2 versions for each major browser.
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* `last 2 Chrome versions`: the last 2 versions of Chrome browser.
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* `> 5%`: versions selected by global usage statistics.
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* `> 5% in US`: uses USA usage statistics. It accepts [two-letter country code].
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* `> 5% in my stats`: uses [custom usage data].
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* `ie 6-8`: selects an inclusive range of versions.
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* `Firefox > 20`: versions of Firefox newer than 20.
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* `Firefox >= 20`: versions of Firefox newer than or equal to 20.
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* `Firefox < 20`: versions of Firefox less than 20.
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* `Firefox <= 20`: versions of Firefox less than or equal to 20.
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* `Firefox ESR`: the latest [Firefox ESR] version.
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* `iOS 7`: the iOS browser version 7 directly.
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* `not ie <= 8`: exclude browsers selected before by previous queries.
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You can add `not ` to any query.
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Browserslist works with separated versions of browsers.
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You should avoid queries like `Firefox > 0`.
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Multiple criteria are combined as a boolean `OR`. A browser version must match
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at least one of the criteria to be selected.
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All queries are based on the [Can I Use] support table,
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e.g. `last 3 iOS versions` might select `8.4, 9.2, 9.3` (mixed major and minor),
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whereas `last 3 Chrome versions` might select `50, 49, 48` (major only).
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[two-letter country code]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2#Officially_assigned_code_elements
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[custom usage data]: #custom-usage-data
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[Can I Use]: http://caniuse.com/
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## Browsers
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Names are case insensitive:
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### Major Browsers
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* `Chrome` for Google Chrome.
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* `Firefox` or `ff` for Mozilla Firefox.
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* `Explorer` or `ie` for Internet Explorer.
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* `Edge` for Microsoft Edge.
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* `iOS` or `ios_saf` for iOS Safari.
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* `Opera` for Opera.
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* `Safari` for desktop Safari.
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* `ExplorerMobile` or `ie_mob` for Internet Explorer Mobile.
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### Others
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* `Android` for Android WebView.
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* `BlackBerry` or `bb` for Blackberry browser.
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* `ChromeAndroid` or `and_chr` for Chrome for Android
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(in Other section, because mostly same as common `Chrome`).
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* `FirefoxAndroid` or `and_ff` for Firefox for Android.
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* `OperaMobile` or `op_mob` for Opera Mobile.
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* `OperaMini` or `op_mini` for Opera Mini.
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* `Samsung` for Samsung Internet.
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* `UCAndroid` or `and_uc` for UC Browser for Android.
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* `Electron` for Electron framework. It will be converted to Chrome version.
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### Electron
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[`electron-to-chromium`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/electron-to-chromium)
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could return a compatible Browserslist query
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for your (major) Electron version:
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```js
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const e2c = require('electron-to-chromium')
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autoprefixer({
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browsers: e2c.electronToBrowserList('1.4') //=> "Chrome >= 53"
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})
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```
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## Config File
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Browserslist config should be named `browserslist` and have browsers queries
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split by a new line. Comments starts with `#` symbol:
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```yaml
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# Browsers that we support
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> 1%
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Last 2 versions
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IE 8 # sorry
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```
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Browserslist will check config in every directory in `path`.
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So, if tool process `app/styles/main.css`, you can put config to root,
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`app/` or `app/styles`.
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You can specify direct path in `BROWSERSLIST_CONFIG` environment variables.
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## `package.json`
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If you want to reduce config files in project root, you can specify
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browsers in `package.json` with `browserslist` key:
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```js
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{
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"private": true,
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"dependencies": {
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"autoprefixer": "^6.5.4"
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},
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"browserslist": [
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"> 1%",
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"last 2 versions"
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]
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}
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```
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## Environments
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You can also specify different browser queries for various environments.
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Browserslist will choose query according to `BROWSERSLIST_ENV` or `NODE_ENV`
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variables. If none of them is declared, Browserslist will firstly look
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for `development` queries and then use defaults.
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In `package.json`:
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```js
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{
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…
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"browserslist": {
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"production": [
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"last 2 version",
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"ie 9"
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],
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"development": [
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"last 1 version"
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]
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}
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}
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```
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In `browserslist` config:
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```ini
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[production]
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last 2 version
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ie 9
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[development]
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last 1 version
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```
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## Environment Variables
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If some tool use Browserslist inside, you can change browsers settings
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by [environment variables]:
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* `BROWSERSLIST` with browsers queries.
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```sh
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BROWSERSLIST="> 5%" gulp css
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```
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* `BROWSERSLIST_CONFIG` with path to config file.
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```sh
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BROWSERSLIST_CONFIG=./config/browserslist gulp css
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```
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* `BROWSERSLIST_ENV` with environments string.
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```sh
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BROWSERSLIST_ENV="development" gulp css
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```
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* `BROWSERSLIST_STATS` with path to the custom usage data
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for `> 1% in my stats` query.
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```sh
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BROWSERSLIST_STATS=./config/usage_data.json gulp css
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```
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[environment variables]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable
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## Custom Usage Data
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If you have a website, you can query against the usage statistics of your site:
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1. Import your Google Analytics data into [Can I Use].
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Press `Import…` button in Settings page.
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2. Open browser DevTools on [Can I Use] and paste this snippet
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into the browser console:
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```js
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var e=document.createElement('a');e.setAttribute('href', 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8,'+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(localStorage['usage-data-by-id'])[localStorage['config-primary_usage']])));e.setAttribute('download','stats.json');document.body.appendChild(e);e.click();document.body.removeChild(e);
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```
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3. Save the data to a `browserslist-stats.json` file in your project.
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Of course, you can generate usage statistics file by any other method.
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File format should be like:
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```js
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{
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"ie": {
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"6": 0.01,
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"7": 0.4,
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"8": 1.5
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},
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"chrome": {
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…
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},
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…
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}
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```
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Note that you can query against your custom usage data
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while also querying against global or regional data.
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For example, the query `> 1% in my stats, > 5% in US, 10%` is permitted.
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[Can I Use]: http://caniuse.com/
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## JS API
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```js
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var browserslist = require('browserslist');
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// Your CSS/JS build tool code
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var process = function (source, opts) {
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var browsers = browserslist(opts.browsers, {
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stats: opts.stats,
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path: opts.file,
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env: opts.env
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});
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// Your code to add features for selected browsers
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}
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```
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Queries can be a string `"> 5%, last 1 version"`
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or an array `['> 5%', 'last 1 version']`.
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If a query is missing, Browserslist will look for a config file.
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You can provide a `path` option (that can be a file) to find the config file
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relatively to it.
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For non-JS environment and debug purpose you can use CLI tool:
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```sh
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browserslist "> 1%, last 2 versions"
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```
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## Coverage
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You can get total users coverage for selected browsers by JS API:
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```js
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browserslist.coverage(browserslist('> 1%')) //=> 81.4
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```
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```js
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browserslist.coverage(browserslist('> 1% in US'), 'US') //=> 83.1
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```
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Or by CLI:
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```sh
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$ browserslist --coverage "> 1%"
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These browsers account for 81.4% of all users globally
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```
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```sh
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$ browserslist --coverage=US "> 1% in US"
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These browsers account for 83.1% of all users in the US
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```
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