To compile MCServer on *nix, you need CMake and make, as well as a C compiler, C++ compiler and linker.
Release Mode
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Release mode is preferred for almost all cases, it has much better speed and less console spam. However, if you are developing MCServer actively, debug mode might be better.
cmake . && make
Debug Mode
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Debug mode is useful if you want more debugging information about MCServer as it's running or if you want to use a debugger like GDB to debug issues and crashes.