Port WINGs data.c (WMData) to Rust.

This is not tested super well, but I hope we can be rid of it soon enough. (Once
we have WMPropList migrated, WMData and other WINGs data structures should be
easier to prune.)

Makefile.am

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
 AM_DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS = --enable-silent-rules LINGUAS='*'
 
 
-SUBDIRS = wrlib WINGs wmaker-rs src util po WindowMaker wmlib WPrefs.app doc
+SUBDIRS = wrlib wutil-rs WINGs wmaker-rs src util po WindowMaker wmlib WPrefs.app doc
 DIST_SUBDIRS = $(SUBDIRS) test
 
 EXTRA_DIST = TODO BUGS BUGFORM FAQ INSTALL \

WINGs/Makefile.am

@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ libWUtil_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info @WUTIL_VERSION@
 
 lib_LTLIBRARIES = libWUtil.la libWINGs.la
 
+wutilrs = $(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a
+wraster = $(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la
 
-LDADD= libWUtil.la libWINGs.la $(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la @INTLIBS@
-libWINGs_la_LIBADD = libWUtil.la $(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la @XLIBS@ @XFT_LIBS@ @FCLIBS@ @LIBM@ @PANGO_LIBS@
-libWUtil_la_LIBADD = @LIBBSD@
+LDADD= libWUtil.la libWINGs.la $(wraster) $(wutilrs) @INTLIBS@
+libWINGs_la_LIBADD = libWUtil.la $(wraster) $(wutilrs) @XLIBS@ @XFT_LIBS@ @FCLIBS@ @LIBM@ @PANGO_LIBS@
+libWUtil_la_LIBADD = @LIBBSD@ $(wutilrs)
 
 EXTRA_DIST = BUGS make-rgb Examples Extras Tests
 
@@ -62,15 +64,12 @@ libWINGs_la_SOURCES = 	\
 	wwindow.c
 
 libWUtil_la_SOURCES = 	\
-	array.c \
 	bagtree.c \
-	data.c \
 	error.c \
 	error.h \
 	findfile.c \
 	handlers.c \
 	hashtable.c \
-	memory.c \
 	menuparser.c \
 	menuparser.h \
 	menuparser_macros.c \

WINGs/WINGs/WUtil.h

@@ -213,10 +213,6 @@ void wfree(void *ptr);
 void wrelease(void *ptr);
 void* wretain(void *ptr);
 
-typedef void waborthandler(int);
-
-waborthandler* wsetabort(waborthandler* handler);
-
 /* ---[ WINGs/error.c ]--------------------------------------------------- */
 
 enum {
@@ -248,8 +244,8 @@ char* wexpandpath(const char *path);
 
 int wcopy_file(const char *toPath, const char *srcFile, const char *destFile);
 
-/* don't free the returned string */
-const char* wgethomedir(void);
+/* You must free the returned string! */
+char* wgethomedir(void);
 
 /* ---[ WINGs/proplist.c ]------------------------------------------------ */
 
@@ -400,7 +396,7 @@ extern const WMHashTableCallbacks WMStringPointerHashCallbacks;
 /* keys are strings, but they are not copied */
 
 
-/* ---[ WINGs/array.c ]--------------------------------------------------- */
+/* ---[ wutil-rs/src/array.rs ]--------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
  * WMArray use an array to store the elements.
@@ -422,29 +418,22 @@ WMArray* WMCreateArrayWithDestructor(int initialSize, WMFreeDataProc *destructor
 
 WMArray* WMCreateArrayWithArray(WMArray *array);
 
-#define WMDuplicateArray(array) WMCreateArrayWithArray(array)
-
 void WMEmptyArray(WMArray *array);
 
 void WMFreeArray(WMArray *array);
 
 int WMGetArrayItemCount(WMArray *array);
 
-/* appends other to array. other remains unchanged */
-void WMAppendArray(WMArray *array, WMArray *other);
-
 /* add will place the element at the end of the array */
 void WMAddToArray(WMArray *array, void *item);
 
 /* insert will increment the index of elements after it by 1 */
 void WMInsertInArray(WMArray *array, int index, void *item);
 
-/* replace and set will return the old item WITHOUT calling the
+/* set returns the old item WITHOUT calling the
  * destructor on it even if its available. Free the returned item yourself.
  */
-void* WMReplaceInArray(WMArray *array, int index, void *item);
-
-#define WMSetInArray(array, index, item) WMReplaceInArray(array, index, item)
+void* WMSetInArray(WMArray *array, int index, void *item);
 
 /* delete and remove will remove the elements and cause the elements
  * after them to decrement their indexes by 1. Also will call the
@@ -452,20 +441,21 @@ void* WMReplaceInArray(WMArray *array, int index, void *item);
  */
 int WMDeleteFromArray(WMArray *array, int index);
 
-#define WMRemoveFromArray(array, item) WMRemoveFromArrayMatching(array, NULL, item)
+int WMRemoveFromArray(WMArray *array, void *item);
 
 int WMRemoveFromArrayMatching(WMArray *array, WMMatchDataProc *match, void *cdata);
 
 void* WMGetFromArray(WMArray *array, int index);
 
-#define WMGetFirstInArray(array, item) WMFindInArray(array, NULL, item)
-
 /* pop will return the last element from the array, also removing it
  * from the array. The destructor is NOT called, even if available.
  * Free the returned element if needed by yourself
  */
 void* WMPopFromArray(WMArray *array);
 
+/* Like WMFindInArray(array, NULL, item) */
+int WMGetFirstInArray(WMArray *array, void *item);
+
 int WMFindInArray(WMArray *array, WMMatchDataProc *match, void *cdata);
 
 int WMCountInArray(WMArray *array, void *item);
@@ -479,8 +469,6 @@ void WMSortArray(WMArray *array, WMCompareDataProc *comparer);
 
 void WMMapArray(WMArray *array, void (*function)(void*, void*), void *data);
 
-WMArray* WMGetSubarrayWithRange(WMArray* array, WMRange aRange);
-
 void* WMArrayFirst(WMArray *array, WMArrayIterator *iter);
 
 void* WMArrayLast(WMArray *array, WMArrayIterator *iter);
@@ -604,37 +592,16 @@ WMData* WMCreateDataWithLength(unsigned length);
 
 WMData* WMCreateDataWithBytes(const void *bytes, unsigned length);
 
-/* destructor is a function called to free the data when releasing the data
- * object, or NULL if no freeing of data is necesary. */
-WMData* WMCreateDataWithBytesNoCopy(void *bytes, unsigned length,
-                                    WMFreeDataProc *destructor);
-
 WMData* WMCreateDataWithData(WMData *aData);
 
 WMData* WMRetainData(WMData *aData);
 
 void WMReleaseData(WMData *aData);
 
-/* Adjusting capacity */
-
-void WMSetDataCapacity(WMData *aData, unsigned capacity);
-
-void WMSetDataLength(WMData *aData, unsigned length);
-
-void WMIncreaseDataLengthBy(WMData *aData, unsigned extraLength);
-
 /* Accessing data */
 
 const void* WMDataBytes(WMData *aData);
 
-void WMGetDataBytes(WMData *aData, void *buffer);
-
-void WMGetDataBytesWithLength(WMData *aData, void *buffer, unsigned length);
-
-void WMGetDataBytesWithRange(WMData *aData, void *buffer, WMRange aRange);
-
-WMData* WMGetSubdataWithRange(WMData *aData, WMRange aRange);
-
 /* Testing data */
 
 Bool WMIsDataEqualToData(WMData *aData, WMData *anotherData);
@@ -649,10 +616,6 @@ void WMAppendData(WMData *aData, WMData *anotherData);
 
 /* Modifying data */
 
-void WMReplaceDataBytesInRange(WMData *aData, WMRange aRange, const void *bytes);
-
-void WMResetDataBytesInRange(WMData *aData, WMRange aRange);
-
 void WMSetData(WMData *aData, WMData *anotherData);
 
 
@@ -768,10 +731,6 @@ WMPropList* WMCreatePLData(WMData *data);
 
 WMPropList* WMCreatePLDataWithBytes(const unsigned char *bytes, unsigned int length);
 
-WMPropList* WMCreatePLDataWithBytesNoCopy(unsigned char *bytes,
-                                          unsigned int length,
-                                          WMFreeDataProc *destructor);
-
 WMPropList* WMCreatePLArray(WMPropList *elem, ...);
 
 WMPropList* WMCreatePLDictionary(WMPropList *key, WMPropList *value, ...);

WINGs/array.c

@@ -1,363 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Dynamically Resized Array
- *
- * Authors: Alfredo K. Kojima <kojima@windowmaker.info>
- *          Dan Pascu         <dan@windowmaker.info>
- *
- * This code is released to the Public Domain, but
- * proper credit is always appreciated :)
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "WUtil.h"
-
-#define INITIAL_SIZE 8
-#define RESIZE_INCREMENT 8
-
-typedef struct W_Array {
-	void **items;		/* the array data */
-	int itemCount;		/* # of items in array */
-	int allocSize;		/* allocated size of array */
-	WMFreeDataProc *destructor;	/* the destructor to free elements */
-} W_Array;
-
-WMArray *WMCreateArray(int initialSize)
-{
-	return WMCreateArrayWithDestructor(initialSize, NULL);
-}
-
-WMArray *WMCreateArrayWithDestructor(int initialSize, WMFreeDataProc * destructor)
-{
-	WMArray *array;
-
-	array = wmalloc(sizeof(WMArray));
-
-	if (initialSize <= 0) {
-		initialSize = INITIAL_SIZE;
-	}
-
-	array->items = wmalloc(sizeof(void *) * initialSize);
-
-	array->itemCount = 0;
-	array->allocSize = initialSize;
-	array->destructor = destructor;
-
-	return array;
-}
-
-WMArray *WMCreateArrayWithArray(WMArray * array)
-{
-	WMArray *newArray;
-
-	newArray = wmalloc(sizeof(WMArray));
-
-	newArray->items = wmalloc(sizeof(void *) * array->allocSize);
-	memcpy(newArray->items, array->items, sizeof(void *) * array->itemCount);
-
-	newArray->itemCount = array->itemCount;
-	newArray->allocSize = array->allocSize;
-	newArray->destructor = NULL;
-
-	return newArray;
-}
-
-void WMEmptyArray(WMArray * array)
-{
-	if (array->destructor) {
-		while (array->itemCount > 0) {
-			array->itemCount--;
-			array->destructor(array->items[array->itemCount]);
-		}
-	}
-	/*memset(array->items, 0, array->itemCount * sizeof(void*)); */
-	array->itemCount = 0;
-}
-
-void WMFreeArray(WMArray * array)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	WMEmptyArray(array);
-	wfree(array->items);
-	wfree(array);
-}
-
-int WMGetArrayItemCount(WMArray * array)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return 0;
-
-	return array->itemCount;
-}
-
-void WMAppendArray(WMArray * array, WMArray * other)
-{
-	if (array == NULL || other == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (other->itemCount == 0)
-		return;
-
-	if (array->itemCount + other->itemCount > array->allocSize) {
-		array->allocSize += other->allocSize;
-		array->items = wrealloc(array->items, sizeof(void *) * array->allocSize);
-	}
-
-	memcpy(array->items + array->itemCount, other->items, sizeof(void *) * other->itemCount);
-	array->itemCount += other->itemCount;
-}
-
-void WMAddToArray(WMArray * array, void *item)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (array->itemCount >= array->allocSize) {
-		array->allocSize += RESIZE_INCREMENT;
-		array->items = wrealloc(array->items, sizeof(void *) * array->allocSize);
-	}
-	array->items[array->itemCount] = item;
-
-	array->itemCount++;
-}
-
-void WMInsertInArray(WMArray * array, int index, void *item)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	wassertr(index >= 0 && index <= array->itemCount);
-
-	if (array->itemCount >= array->allocSize) {
-		array->allocSize += RESIZE_INCREMENT;
-		array->items = wrealloc(array->items, sizeof(void *) * array->allocSize);
-	}
-	if (index < array->itemCount) {
-		memmove(array->items + index + 1, array->items + index,
-			sizeof(void *) * (array->itemCount - index));
-	}
-	array->items[index] = item;
-
-	array->itemCount++;
-}
-
-void *WMReplaceInArray(WMArray * array, int index, void *item)
-{
-	void *old;
-
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	wassertrv(index >= 0 && index <= array->itemCount, NULL);
-
-	/* is it really useful to perform append if index == array->itemCount ? -Dan */
-	if (index == array->itemCount) {
-		WMAddToArray(array, item);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	old = array->items[index];
-	array->items[index] = item;
-
-	return old;
-}
-
-int WMDeleteFromArray(WMArray * array, int index)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return 0;
-
-	wassertrv(index >= 0 && index < array->itemCount, 0);
-
-	if (array->destructor) {
-		array->destructor(array->items[index]);
-	}
-
-	if (index < array->itemCount - 1) {
-		memmove(array->items + index, array->items + index + 1,
-			sizeof(void *) * (array->itemCount - index - 1));
-	}
-
-	array->itemCount--;
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-int WMRemoveFromArrayMatching(WMArray * array, WMMatchDataProc * match, void *cdata)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return 1;
-
-	if (match != NULL) {
-		for (i = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-			if ((*match) (array->items[i], cdata)) {
-				WMDeleteFromArray(array, i);
-				return 1;
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-			if (array->items[i] == cdata) {
-				WMDeleteFromArray(array, i);
-				return 1;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void *WMGetFromArray(WMArray * array, int index)
-{
-	if (index < 0 || array == NULL || index >= array->itemCount)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return array->items[index];
-}
-
-void *WMPopFromArray(WMArray * array)
-{
-	if (array == NULL || array->itemCount <= 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	array->itemCount--;
-
-	return array->items[array->itemCount];
-}
-
-int WMFindInArray(WMArray * array, WMMatchDataProc * match, void *cdata)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return WANotFound;
-
-	if (match != NULL) {
-		for (i = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-			if ((*match) (array->items[i], cdata))
-				return i;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-			if (array->items[i] == cdata)
-				return i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return WANotFound;
-}
-
-int WMCountInArray(WMArray * array, void *item)
-{
-	int i, count;
-
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (i = 0, count = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-		if (array->items[i] == item)
-			count++;
-	}
-
-	return count;
-}
-
-void WMSortArray(WMArray * array, WMCompareDataProc * comparer)
-{
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (array->itemCount > 1) {	/* Don't sort empty or single element arrays */
-		qsort(array->items, array->itemCount, sizeof(void *), comparer);
-	}
-}
-
-void WMMapArray(WMArray * array, void (*function) (void *, void *), void *data)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (array == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < array->itemCount; i++) {
-		(*function) (array->items[i], data);
-	}
-}
-
-WMArray *WMGetSubarrayWithRange(WMArray * array, WMRange aRange)
-{
-	WMArray *newArray;
-
-	if (aRange.count <= 0 || array == NULL)
-		return WMCreateArray(0);
-
-	if (aRange.position < 0)
-		aRange.position = 0;
-	if (aRange.position >= array->itemCount)
-		aRange.position = array->itemCount - 1;
-	if (aRange.position + aRange.count > array->itemCount)
-		aRange.count = array->itemCount - aRange.position;
-
-	newArray = WMCreateArray(aRange.count);
-	memcpy(newArray->items, array->items + aRange.position, sizeof(void *) * aRange.count);
-	newArray->itemCount = aRange.count;
-
-	return newArray;
-}
-
-void *WMArrayFirst(WMArray * array, WMArrayIterator * iter)
-{
-	if (array == NULL || array->itemCount == 0) {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	} else {
-		*iter = 0;
-		return array->items[0];
-	}
-}
-
-void *WMArrayLast(WMArray * array, WMArrayIterator * iter)
-{
-	if (array == NULL || array->itemCount == 0) {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	} else {
-		*iter = array->itemCount - 1;
-		return array->items[*iter];
-	}
-}
-
-void *WMArrayNext(WMArray * array, WMArrayIterator * iter)
-{
-	if (array == NULL) {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (*iter >= 0 && *iter < array->itemCount - 1) {
-		return array->items[++(*iter)];
-	} else {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-void *WMArrayPrevious(WMArray * array, WMArrayIterator * iter)
-{
-	if (array == NULL) {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (*iter > 0 && *iter < array->itemCount) {
-		return array->items[--(*iter)];
-	} else {
-		*iter = WANotFound;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-}

WINGs/data.c

@@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  WINGs WMData function library
- *
- *  Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Dan Pascu
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
- *  MA 02110-1301, USA.
- */
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include "WUtil.h"
-
-typedef struct W_Data {
-	unsigned length;	/* How many bytes we have */
-	unsigned capacity;	/* How many bytes it can hold */
-	unsigned growth;	/* How much to grow */
-	void *bytes;		/* Actual data */
-	unsigned retainCount;
-	WMFreeDataProc *destructor;
-	int format;		/* 0, 8, 16 or 32 */
-} W_Data;
-
-/* Creating and destroying data objects */
-
-WMData *WMCreateDataWithCapacity(unsigned capacity)
-{
-	WMData *aData;
-
-	aData = (WMData *) wmalloc(sizeof(WMData));
-
-	if (capacity > 0)
-		aData->bytes = wmalloc(capacity);
-	else
-		aData->bytes = NULL;
-
-	aData->capacity = capacity;
-	aData->growth = capacity / 2 > 0 ? capacity / 2 : 1;
-	aData->length = 0;
-	aData->retainCount = 1;
-	aData->format = 0;
-	aData->destructor = wfree;
-
-	return aData;
-}
-
-WMData *WMCreateDataWithLength(unsigned length)
-{
-	WMData *aData;
-
-	aData = WMCreateDataWithCapacity(length);
-	if (length > 0) {
-		aData->length = length;
-	}
-
-	return aData;
-}
-
-WMData *WMCreateDataWithBytes(const void *bytes, unsigned length)
-{
-	WMData *aData;
-
-	aData = WMCreateDataWithCapacity(length);
-	aData->length = length;
-	memcpy(aData->bytes, bytes, length);
-
-	return aData;
-}
-
-WMData *WMCreateDataWithBytesNoCopy(void *bytes, unsigned length, WMFreeDataProc * destructor)
-{
-	WMData *aData;
-
-	aData = (WMData *) wmalloc(sizeof(WMData));
-	aData->length = length;
-	aData->capacity = length;
-	aData->growth = length / 2 > 0 ? length / 2 : 1;
-	aData->bytes = bytes;
-	aData->retainCount = 1;
-	aData->format = 0;
-	aData->destructor = destructor;
-
-	return aData;
-}
-
-WMData *WMCreateDataWithData(WMData * aData)
-{
-	WMData *newData;
-
-	if (aData->length > 0) {
-		newData = WMCreateDataWithBytes(aData->bytes, aData->length);
-	} else {
-		newData = WMCreateDataWithCapacity(0);
-	}
-	newData->format = aData->format;
-
-	return newData;
-}
-
-WMData *WMRetainData(WMData * aData)
-{
-	aData->retainCount++;
-	return aData;
-}
-
-void WMReleaseData(WMData * aData)
-{
-	aData->retainCount--;
-	if (aData->retainCount > 0)
-		return;
-	if (aData->bytes != NULL && aData->destructor != NULL) {
-		aData->destructor(aData->bytes);
-	}
-	wfree(aData);
-}
-
-/* Adjusting capacity */
-
-void WMSetDataCapacity(WMData * aData, unsigned capacity)
-{
-	if (aData->capacity != capacity) {
-		aData->bytes = wrealloc(aData->bytes, capacity);
-		aData->capacity = capacity;
-		aData->growth = capacity / 2 > 0 ? capacity / 2 : 1;
-	}
-	if (aData->length > capacity) {
-		aData->length = capacity;
-	}
-}
-
-void WMSetDataLength(WMData * aData, unsigned length)
-{
-	if (length > aData->capacity) {
-		WMSetDataCapacity(aData, length);
-	}
-	if (length > aData->length) {
-		memset((unsigned char *)aData->bytes + aData->length, 0, length - aData->length);
-	}
-	aData->length = length;
-}
-
-void WMSetDataFormat(WMData * aData, unsigned format)
-{
-	aData->format = format;
-}
-
-void WMIncreaseDataLengthBy(WMData * aData, unsigned extraLength)
-{
-	WMSetDataLength(aData, aData->length + extraLength);
-}
-
-/* Accessing data */
-
-const void *WMDataBytes(WMData * aData)
-{
-	return aData->bytes;
-}
-
-void WMGetDataBytes(WMData * aData, void *buffer)
-{
-	wassertr(aData->length > 0);
-
-	memcpy(buffer, aData->bytes, aData->length);
-}
-
-unsigned WMGetDataFormat(WMData * aData)
-{
-	return aData->format;
-}
-
-void WMGetDataBytesWithLength(WMData * aData, void *buffer, unsigned length)
-{
-	wassertr(aData->length > 0);
-	wassertr(length <= aData->length);
-
-	memcpy(buffer, aData->bytes, length);
-}
-
-void WMGetDataBytesWithRange(WMData * aData, void *buffer, WMRange aRange)
-{
-	wassertr(aRange.position < aData->length);
-	wassertr(aRange.count <= aData->length - aRange.position);
-
-	memcpy(buffer, (unsigned char *)aData->bytes + aRange.position, aRange.count);
-}
-
-WMData *WMGetSubdataWithRange(WMData * aData, WMRange aRange)
-{
-	void *buffer;
-	WMData *newData;
-
-	if (aRange.count <= 0)
-		return WMCreateDataWithCapacity(0);
-
-	buffer = wmalloc(aRange.count);
-	WMGetDataBytesWithRange(aData, buffer, aRange);
-	newData = WMCreateDataWithBytesNoCopy(buffer, aRange.count, wfree);
-	newData->format = aData->format;
-
-	return newData;
-}
-
-/* Testing data */
-
-Bool WMIsDataEqualToData(WMData * aData, WMData * anotherData)
-{
-	if (aData->length != anotherData->length)
-		return False;
-	else if (!aData->bytes && !anotherData->bytes)	/* both are empty */
-		return True;
-	else if (!aData->bytes || !anotherData->bytes)	/* one of them is empty */
-		return False;
-	return (memcmp(aData->bytes, anotherData->bytes, aData->length) == 0);
-}
-
-unsigned WMGetDataLength(WMData * aData)
-{
-	return aData->length;
-}
-
-/* Adding data */
-void WMAppendDataBytes(WMData * aData, const void *bytes, unsigned length)
-{
-	unsigned oldLength = aData->length;
-	unsigned newLength = oldLength + length;
-
-	if (newLength > aData->capacity) {
-		unsigned nextCapacity = aData->capacity + aData->growth;
-		unsigned nextGrowth = aData->capacity ? aData->capacity : 1;
-
-		while (nextCapacity < newLength) {
-			unsigned tmp = nextCapacity + nextGrowth;
-
-			nextGrowth = nextCapacity;
-			nextCapacity = tmp;
-		}
-		WMSetDataCapacity(aData, nextCapacity);
-		aData->growth = nextGrowth;
-	}
-	memcpy((unsigned char *)aData->bytes + oldLength, bytes, length);
-	aData->length = newLength;
-}
-
-void WMAppendData(WMData * aData, WMData * anotherData)
-{
-	if (anotherData->length > 0)
-		WMAppendDataBytes(aData, anotherData->bytes, anotherData->length);
-}
-
-/* Modifying data */
-
-void WMReplaceDataBytesInRange(WMData * aData, WMRange aRange, const void *bytes)
-{
-	wassertr(aRange.position < aData->length);
-	wassertr(aRange.count <= aData->length - aRange.position);
-
-	memcpy((unsigned char *)aData->bytes + aRange.position, bytes, aRange.count);
-}
-
-void WMResetDataBytesInRange(WMData * aData, WMRange aRange)
-{
-	wassertr(aRange.position < aData->length);
-	wassertr(aRange.count <= aData->length - aRange.position);
-
-	memset((unsigned char *)aData->bytes + aRange.position, 0, aRange.count);
-}
-
-void WMSetData(WMData * aData, WMData * anotherData)
-{
-	unsigned length = anotherData->length;
-
-	WMSetDataCapacity(aData, length);
-	if (length > 0)
-		memcpy(aData->bytes, anotherData->bytes, length);
-	aData->length = length;
-}
-
-/* Storing data */

WINGs/findfile.c

@@ -34,331 +34,6 @@
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 
-#ifndef PATH_MAX
-#define PATH_MAX  1024
-#endif
-
-
-const char *wgethomedir(void)
-{
-	static char *home = NULL;
-	char *tmp;
-	struct passwd *user;
-
-	if (home)
-		return home;
-
-	tmp = GETENV("HOME");
-	if (tmp) {
-		home = wstrdup(tmp);
-		return home;
-	}
-
-	user = getpwuid(getuid());
-	if (!user) {
-		werror(_("could not get password entry for UID %i"), getuid());
-		home = "/";
-		return home;
-	}
-
-	if (!user->pw_dir)
-		home = "/";
-	else
-		home = wstrdup(user->pw_dir);
-
-	return home;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the home directory for the specified used
- *
- * If user not found, returns NULL, otherwise always returns a path that is
- * statically stored.
- *
- * Please note you must use the path before any other call to 'getpw*' or it
- * may be erased. This is a design choice to avoid duplication considering
- * the use case for this function.
- */
-static const char *getuserhomedir(const char *username)
-{
-	static const char default_home[] = "/";
-	struct passwd *user;
-
-	user = getpwnam(username);
-	if (!user) {
-		werror(_("could not get password entry for user %s"), username);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!user->pw_dir)
-		return default_home;
-	else
-		return user->pw_dir;
-
-}
-
-char *wexpandpath(const char *path)
-{
-	const char *origpath = path;
-	char buffer2[PATH_MAX + 2];
-	char buffer[PATH_MAX + 2];
-	int i;
-
-	memset(buffer, 0, PATH_MAX + 2);
-
-	if (*path == '~') {
-		const char *home;
-
-		path++;
-		if (*path == '/' || *path == 0) {
-			home = wgethomedir();
-			if (strlen(home) > PATH_MAX ||
-			    wstrlcpy(buffer, home, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-				goto error;
-		} else {
-			int j;
-			j = 0;
-			while (*path != 0 && *path != '/') {
-				if (j > PATH_MAX)
-					goto error;
-				buffer2[j++] = *path;
-				buffer2[j] = 0;
-				path++;
-			}
-			home = getuserhomedir(buffer2);
-			if (!home || wstrlcat(buffer, home, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-				goto error;
-		}
-	}
-
-	i = strlen(buffer);
-
-	while (*path != 0 && i <= PATH_MAX) {
-		char *tmp;
-
-		if (*path == '$') {
-			int j;
-
-			path++;
-			/* expand $(HOME) or $HOME style environment variables */
-			if (*path == '(') {
-				path++;
-				j = 0;
-				while (*path != 0 && *path != ')') {
-					if (j > PATH_MAX)
-						goto error;
-					buffer2[j++] = *(path++);
-				}
-				buffer2[j] = 0;
-				if (*path == ')') {
-					path++;
-					tmp = getenv(buffer2);
-				} else {
-					tmp = NULL;
-				}
-				if (!tmp) {
-					if ((i += strlen(buffer2) + 2) > PATH_MAX)
-						goto error;
-					buffer[i] = 0;
-					if (wstrlcat(buffer, "$(", sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer) ||
-					    wstrlcat(buffer, buffer2, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-						goto error;
-					if (*(path-1)==')') {
-						if (++i > PATH_MAX ||
-						    wstrlcat(buffer, ")", sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-							goto error;
-					}
-				} else {
-					if ((i += strlen(tmp)) > PATH_MAX ||
-					    wstrlcat(buffer, tmp, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-						goto error;
-				}
-			} else {
-				j = 0;
-				while (*path != 0 && *path != '/') {
-					if (j > PATH_MAX)
-						goto error;
-					buffer2[j++] = *(path++);
-				}
-				buffer2[j] = 0;
-				tmp = getenv(buffer2);
-				if (!tmp) {
-					if ((i += strlen(buffer2) + 1) > PATH_MAX ||
-					    wstrlcat(buffer, "$", sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer) ||
-					    wstrlcat(buffer, buffer2, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-						goto error;
-				} else {
-					if ((i += strlen(tmp)) > PATH_MAX ||
-					    wstrlcat(buffer, tmp, sizeof(buffer)) >= sizeof(buffer))
-						goto error;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			buffer[i++] = *path;
-			path++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (*path!=0)
-		goto error;
-
-	return wstrdup(buffer);
-
-error:
-	errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-	werror(_("could not expand %s"), origpath);
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/* return address of next char != tok or end of string whichever comes first */
-static const char *skipchar(const char *string, char tok)
-{
-	while (*string != 0 && *string == tok)
-		string++;
-
-	return string;
-}
-
-/* return address of next char == tok or end of string whichever comes first */
-static const char *nextchar(const char *string, char tok)
-{
-	while (*string != 0 && *string != tok)
-		string++;
-
-	return string;
-}
-
-/*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * findfile--
- * 	Finds a file in a : separated list of paths. ~ expansion is also
- * done.
- *
- * Returns:
- * 	The complete path for the file (in a newly allocated string) or
- * NULL if the file was not found.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * 	A new string is allocated. It must be freed later.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-char *wfindfile(const char *paths, const char *file)
-{
-	char *path;
-	const char *tmp, *tmp2;
-	int len, flen;
-	char *fullpath;
-
-	if (!file)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (*file == '/' || *file == '~' || *file == '$' || !paths || *paths == 0) {
-		if (access(file, F_OK) < 0) {
-			fullpath = wexpandpath(file);
-			if (!fullpath)
-				return NULL;
-
-			if (access(fullpath, F_OK) < 0) {
-				wfree(fullpath);
-				return NULL;
-			} else {
-				return fullpath;
-			}
-		} else {
-			return wstrdup(file);
-		}
-	}
-
-	flen = strlen(file);
-	tmp = paths;
-	while (*tmp) {
-		tmp = skipchar(tmp, ':');
-		if (*tmp == 0)
-			break;
-		tmp2 = nextchar(tmp, ':');
-		len = tmp2 - tmp;
-		path = wmalloc(len + flen + 2);
-		path = memcpy(path, tmp, len);
-		path[len] = 0;
-		if (path[len - 1] != '/' &&
-		    wstrlcat(path, "/", len + flen + 2) >= len + flen + 2) {
-			wfree(path);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		if (wstrlcat(path, file, len + flen + 2) >= len + flen + 2) {
-			wfree(path);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		fullpath = wexpandpath(path);
-		wfree(path);
-
-		if (fullpath) {
-			if (access(fullpath, F_OK) == 0) {
-				return fullpath;
-			}
-			wfree(fullpath);
-		}
-		tmp = tmp2;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-char *wfindfileinlist(char *const *path_list, const char *file)
-{
-	int i;
-	char *path;
-	int len, flen;
-	char *fullpath;
-
-	if (!file)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (*file == '/' || *file == '~' || !path_list) {
-		if (access(file, F_OK) < 0) {
-			fullpath = wexpandpath(file);
-			if (!fullpath)
-				return NULL;
-
-			if (access(fullpath, F_OK) < 0) {
-				wfree(fullpath);
-				return NULL;
-			} else {
-				return fullpath;
-			}
-		} else {
-			return wstrdup(file);
-		}
-	}
-
-	flen = strlen(file);
-	for (i = 0; path_list[i] != NULL; i++) {
-		len = strlen(path_list[i]);
-		path = wmalloc(len + flen + 2);
-		path = memcpy(path, path_list[i], len);
-		path[len] = 0;
-		if (wstrlcat(path, "/", len + flen + 2) >= len + flen + 2 ||
-		    wstrlcat(path, file, len + flen + 2) >= len + flen + 2) {
-			wfree(path);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		/* expand tilde */
-		fullpath = wexpandpath(path);
-		wfree(path);
-		if (fullpath) {
-			/* check if file exists */
-			if (access(fullpath, F_OK) == 0) {
-				return fullpath;
-			}
-			wfree(fullpath);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
 
 char *wfindfileinarray(WMPropList *array, const char *file)
 {
@@ -419,105 +94,3 @@ char *wfindfileinarray(WMPropList *array, const char *file)
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-
-int wcopy_file(const char *dest_dir, const char *src_file, const char *dest_file)
-{
-	char *path_dst;
-	int fd_src, fd_dst;
-	struct stat stat_src;
-	mode_t permission_dst;
-	const size_t buffer_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024;	/* 4MB is a decent start choice to allow the OS to take advantage of modern disk's performance */
-	char *buffer;	/* The buffer is not created on the stack to avoid possible stack overflow as our buffer is big */
-
- try_again_src:
-	fd_src = open(src_file, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
-	if (fd_src == -1) {
-		if (errno == EINTR)
-			goto try_again_src;
-		werror(_("Could not open input file \"%s\": %s"), src_file, strerror(errno));
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	/* Only accept to copy regular files */
-	if (fstat(fd_src, &stat_src) != 0 || !S_ISREG(stat_src.st_mode)) {
-		close(fd_src);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	path_dst = wstrconcat(dest_dir, dest_file);
- try_again_dst:
-	fd_dst = open(path_dst, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
-	if (fd_dst == -1) {
-		if (errno == EINTR)
-			goto try_again_dst;
-		werror(_("Could not create target file \"%s\": %s"), path_dst, strerror(errno));
-		wfree(path_dst);
-		close(fd_src);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	buffer = malloc(buffer_size);	/* Don't use wmalloc to avoid the memset(0) we don't need */
-	if (buffer == NULL) {
-		werror(_("could not allocate memory for the copy buffer"));
-		close(fd_dst);
-		goto cleanup_and_return_failure;
-	}
-
-	for (;;) {
-		ssize_t size_data;
-		const char *write_ptr;
-		size_t write_remain;
-
-	try_again_read:
-		size_data = read(fd_src, buffer, buffer_size);
-		if (size_data == 0)
-			break; /* End of File have been reached */
-		if (size_data < 0) {
-			if (errno == EINTR)
-				goto try_again_read;
-			werror(_("could not read from file \"%s\": %s"), src_file, strerror(errno));
-			close(fd_dst);
-			goto cleanup_and_return_failure;
-		}
-
-		write_ptr = buffer;
-		write_remain = size_data;
-		while (write_remain > 0) {
-			ssize_t write_done;
-
-		try_again_write:
-			write_done = write(fd_dst, write_ptr, write_remain);
-			if (write_done < 0) {
-				if (errno == EINTR)
-					goto try_again_write;
-				werror(_("could not write data to file \"%s\": %s"), path_dst, strerror(errno));
-				close(fd_dst);
-				goto cleanup_and_return_failure;
-			}
-			write_ptr    += write_done;
-			write_remain -= write_done;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Keep only the permission-related part of the field: */
-	permission_dst = stat_src.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO | S_ISUID | S_ISGID | S_ISVTX);
-	if (fchmod(fd_dst, permission_dst) != 0)
-		wwarning(_("could not set permission 0%03o on file \"%s\": %s"),
-		         permission_dst, path_dst, strerror(errno));
-
-	if (close(fd_dst) != 0) {
-		werror(_("could not close the file \"%s\": %s"), path_dst, strerror(errno));
-	cleanup_and_return_failure:
-		free(buffer);
-		close(fd_src);
-		unlink(path_dst);
-		wfree(path_dst);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	free(buffer);
-	wfree(path_dst);
-	close(fd_src);
-
-	return 0;
-}

WINGs/handlers.c

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Bool W_CheckIdleHandlers(void)
 		return (idleHandler != NULL && WMGetArrayItemCount(idleHandler) > 0);
 	}
 
-	handlerCopy = WMDuplicateArray(idleHandler);
+	handlerCopy = WMCreateArrayWithArray(idleHandler);
 
 	WM_ITERATE_ARRAY(handlerCopy, handler, iter) {
 		/* check if the handler still exist or was removed by a callback */
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ Bool W_HandleInputEvents(Bool waitForInput, int inputfd)
 	count = poll(fds, nfds + extrafd, timeout);
 
 	if (count > 0 && nfds > 0) {
-		WMArray *handlerCopy = WMDuplicateArray(inputHandler);
+		WMArray *handlerCopy = WMCreateArrayWithArray(inputHandler);
 		int mask;
 
 		/* use WM_ITERATE_ARRAY() here */
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ Bool W_HandleInputEvents(Bool waitForInput, int inputfd)
 	count = select(1 + maxfd, &rset, &wset, &eset, timeoutPtr);
 
 	if (count > 0 && nfds > 0) {
-		WMArray *handlerCopy = WMDuplicateArray(inputHandler);
+		WMArray *handlerCopy = WMCreateArrayWithArray(inputHandler);
 		int mask;
 
 		/* use WM_ITERATE_ARRAY() here */

WINGs/memory.c

@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  Window Maker miscelaneous function library
- *
- *  Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Alfredo K. Kojima
- *
- *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
- *  MA 02110-1301, USA.
- */
-
-#include "wconfig.h"
-#include "WUtil.h"
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-
-#ifdef HAVE_STDNORETURN
-#include <stdnoreturn.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-#ifndef GC_DEBUG
-#define GC_DEBUG
-#endif /* !GC_DEBUG */
-#include <gc/gc.h>
-#endif /* USE_BOEHM_GC */
-
-#ifndef False
-# define False 0
-#endif
-#ifndef True
-# define True 1
-#endif
-
-static void defaultHandler(int bla)
-{
-	if (bla)
-		kill(getpid(), SIGABRT);
-	else
-		exit(1);
-}
-
-static waborthandler *aborthandler = defaultHandler;
-
-static inline noreturn void wAbort(int bla)
-{
-	(*aborthandler)(bla);
-	exit(-1);
-}
-
-waborthandler *wsetabort(waborthandler * handler)
-{
-	waborthandler *old = aborthandler;
-
-	aborthandler = handler;
-
-	return old;
-}
-
-static int Aborting = 0;	/* if we're in the middle of an emergency exit */
-
-static WMHashTable *table = NULL;
-
-void *wmalloc(size_t size)
-{
-	void *tmp;
-
-	assert(size > 0);
-
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-	tmp = GC_MALLOC(size);
-#else
-	tmp = malloc(size);
-#endif
-	if (tmp == NULL) {
-		wwarning("malloc() failed. Retrying after 2s.");
-		sleep(2);
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-		tmp = GC_MALLOC(size);
-#else
-		tmp = malloc(size);
-#endif
-		if (tmp == NULL) {
-			if (Aborting) {
-				fputs("Really Bad Error: recursive malloc() failure.", stderr);
-				exit(-1);
-			} else {
-				wfatal("virtual memory exhausted");
-				Aborting = 1;
-				wAbort(False);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (tmp != NULL)
-		memset(tmp, 0, size);
-	return tmp;
-}
-
-void *wrealloc(void *ptr, size_t newsize)
-{
-	void *nptr;
-
-	if (!ptr) {
-		nptr = wmalloc(newsize);
-	} else if (newsize == 0) {
-		wfree(ptr);
-		nptr = NULL;
-	} else {
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-		nptr = GC_REALLOC(ptr, newsize);
-#else
-		nptr = realloc(ptr, newsize);
-#endif
-		if (nptr == NULL) {
-			wwarning("realloc() failed. Retrying after 2s.");
-			sleep(2);
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-			nptr = GC_REALLOC(ptr, newsize);
-#else
-			nptr = realloc(ptr, newsize);
-#endif
-			if (nptr == NULL) {
-				if (Aborting) {
-					fputs("Really Bad Error: recursive realloc() failure.", stderr);
-					exit(-1);
-				} else {
-					wfatal("virtual memory exhausted");
-					Aborting = 1;
-					wAbort(False);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nptr;
-}
-
-void *wretain(void *ptr)
-{
-	int *refcount;
-
-	if (!table) {
-		table = WMCreateHashTable(WMIntHashCallbacks);
-	}
-
-	refcount = WMHashGet(table, ptr);
-	if (!refcount) {
-		refcount = wmalloc(sizeof(int));
-		*refcount = 1;
-		WMHashInsert(table, ptr, refcount);
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-		printf("== %i (%p)\n", *refcount, ptr);
-#endif
-	} else {
-		(*refcount)++;
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-		printf("+ %i (%p)\n", *refcount, ptr);
-#endif
-	}
-
-	return ptr;
-}
-
-void wfree(void *ptr)
-{
-	if (ptr)
-#ifdef USE_BOEHM_GC
-		/* This should eventually be removed, once the criss-cross
-		 * of wmalloc()d memory being free()d, malloc()d memory being
-		 * wfree()d, various misuses of calling wfree() on objects
-		 * allocated by libc malloc() and calling libc free() on
-		 * objects allocated by Boehm GC (think external libraries)
-		 * is cleaned up.
-		 */
-		if (GC_base(ptr) != 0)
-			GC_FREE(ptr);
-		else
-			free(ptr);
-#else
-		free(ptr);
-#endif
-	ptr = NULL;
-}
-
-void wrelease(void *ptr)
-{
-	int *refcount;
-
-	refcount = WMHashGet(table, ptr);
-	if (!refcount) {
-		wwarning("trying to release unexisting data %p", ptr);
-	} else {
-		(*refcount)--;
-		if (*refcount < 1) {
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-			printf("RELEASING %p\n", ptr);
-#endif
-			WMHashRemove(table, ptr);
-			wfree(refcount);
-			wfree(ptr);
-		}
-#ifdef VERBOSE
-		else {
-			printf("- %i (%p)\n", *refcount, ptr);
-		}
-#endif
-	}
-}

WINGs/menuparser.c

@@ -536,12 +536,14 @@ found_end_define_fname:
 			while (*src != '\0') {
 				idx = 0;
 				if (*src == '~') {
-					const char *home = wgethomedir();
+					char *home_head = wgethomedir();
+					char *home = home_head;;
 					while (*home != '\0') {
 						if (idx < sizeof(buffer) - 2)
 							buffer[idx++] = *home;
 						home++;
 					}
+					wfree(home_head);
 					src++;
 				}
 

WINGs/proplist.c

@@ -942,20 +942,6 @@ WMPropList *WMCreatePLDataWithBytes(const unsigned char *bytes, unsigned int len
 	return plist;
 }
 
-WMPropList *WMCreatePLDataWithBytesNoCopy(unsigned char *bytes, unsigned int length, WMFreeDataProc * destructor)
-{
-	WMPropList *plist;
-
-	wassertrv(bytes != NULL, NULL);
-
-	plist = (WMPropList *) wmalloc(sizeof(W_PropList));
-	plist->type = WPLData;
-	plist->d.data = WMCreateDataWithBytesNoCopy(bytes, length, destructor);
-	plist->retainCount = 1;
-
-	return plist;
-}
-
 WMPropList *WMCreatePLArray(WMPropList * elem, ...)
 {
 	WMPropList *plist, *nelem;

WINGs/selection.c

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ static void handleRequestEvent(XEvent * event)
 	}
 
 	/* delete handlers */
-	copy = WMDuplicateArray(selHandlers);
+	copy = WMCreateArrayWithArray(selHandlers);
 	WM_ITERATE_ARRAY(copy, handler, iter) {
 		if (handler && handler->flags.delete_pending) {
 			WMDeleteSelectionHandler(handler->view, handler->selection, handler->timestamp);
@@ -261,8 +261,9 @@ static WMData *getSelectionData(Display * dpy, Window win, Atom where)
 
 	bpi = bits / 8;
 
-	wdata = WMCreateDataWithBytesNoCopy(data, len * bpi, (void *) XFree);
+	wdata = WMCreateDataWithBytes(data, len * bpi);
 	WMSetDataFormat(wdata, bits);
+	XFree(data);
 
 	return wdata;
 }
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ static void handleNotifyEvent(XEvent * event)
 	}
 
 	/* delete callbacks */
-	copy = WMDuplicateArray(selCallbacks);
+	copy = WMCreateArrayWithArray(selCallbacks);
 	WM_ITERATE_ARRAY(copy, handler, iter) {
 		if (handler && handler->flags.delete_pending) {
 			WMDeleteSelectionCallback(handler->view, handler->selection, handler->timestamp);

WINGs/userdefaults.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const char *wusergnusteppath(void)
 	static const char subdir[] = "/" GSUSER_SUBDIR;
 	static char *path = NULL;
 	char *gspath;
-	const char *h;
+	char *h;
 	int pathlen;
 
 	if (path)
@@ -69,13 +69,12 @@ const char *wusergnusteppath(void)
 	}
 
 	h = wgethomedir();
-	if (!h)
-		return NULL;
 
 	pathlen = strlen(h);
 	path = wmalloc(pathlen + sizeof(subdir));
 	strcpy(path, h);
 	strcpy(path + pathlen, subdir);
+	wfree(h);
 
 	return path;
 }

WINGs/wcolorpanel.c

@@ -2994,10 +2994,13 @@ static void customPaletteMenuNewFromFile(W_ColorPanel * panel)
 	int i;
 	RImage *tmpImg = NULL;
 
-	if ((!panel->lastBrowseDir) || (strcmp(panel->lastBrowseDir, "\0") == 0))
-		spath = wexpandpath(wgethomedir());
-	else
+	if ((!panel->lastBrowseDir) || (strcmp(panel->lastBrowseDir, "\0") == 0)) {
+		char *homedir = wgethomedir();
+		spath = wexpandpath(homedir);
+		wfree(homedir);
+	} else {
 		spath = wexpandpath(panel->lastBrowseDir);
+	}
 
 	browseP = WMGetOpenPanel(scr);
 	WMSetFilePanelCanChooseDirectories(browseP, 0);

WINGs/wfilepanel.c

@@ -761,17 +761,15 @@ static void goFloppy(WMWidget *widget, void *p_panel)
 static void goHome(WMWidget *widget, void *p_panel)
 {
 	WMFilePanel *panel = p_panel;
-	const char *home;
+	char *home;
 
 	/* Parameter not used, but tell the compiler that it is ok */
 	(void) widget;
 
-	/* home is statically allocated. Don't free it! */
 	home = wgethomedir();
-	if (!home)
-		return;
 
 	WMSetFilePanelDirectory(panel, home);
+	wfree(home);
 }
 
 static void handleEvents(XEvent * event, void *data)

WINGs/wfont.c

@@ -51,12 +51,15 @@ static char *xlfdToFcName(const char *xlfd)
 {
 	FcPattern *pattern;
 	char *fname;
+	char *result;
 
 	pattern = xlfdToFcPattern(xlfd);
 	fname = (char *)FcNameUnparse(pattern);
+	result = wstrdup(fname);
+	free(fname);
 	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
 
-	return fname;
+	return result;
 }
 
 static Bool hasProperty(FcPattern * pattern, const char *property)
@@ -92,6 +95,7 @@ static Bool hasPropertyWithStringValue(FcPattern * pattern, const char *object,
 static char *makeFontOfSize(const char *font, int size, const char *fallback)
 {
 	FcPattern *pattern;
+	char *name;
 	char *result;
 
 	if (font[0] == '-') {
@@ -115,7 +119,9 @@ static char *makeFontOfSize(const char *font, int size, const char *fallback)
 
 	/*FcPatternPrint(pattern); */
 
-	result = (char *)FcNameUnparse(pattern);
+	name = (char *)FcNameUnparse(pattern);
+	result = wstrdup(name);
+	free(name);
 	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
 
 	return result;
@@ -421,7 +427,7 @@ WMFont *WMCopyFontWithStyle(WMScreen * scrPtr, WMFont * font, WMFontStyle style)
 	name = (char *)FcNameUnparse(pattern);
 	copy = WMCreateFont(scrPtr, name);
 	FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
-	wfree(name);
+	free(name);
 
 	return copy;
 }

WPrefs.app/Appearance.c

@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ static void deleteTexture(WMWidget * w, void *data)
 static void extractTexture(WMWidget * w, void *data)
 {
 	_Panel *panel = (_Panel *) data;
-	char *path;
+	char *path, *homedir;
 	WMOpenPanel *opanel;
 	WMScreen *scr = WMWidgetScreen(w);
 
@@ -1118,13 +1118,17 @@ static void extractTexture(WMWidget * w, void *data)
 	WMSetFilePanelCanChooseDirectories(opanel, False);
 	WMSetFilePanelCanChooseFiles(opanel, True);
 
-	if (WMRunModalFilePanelForDirectory(opanel, panel->parent, wgethomedir(), _("Select File"), NULL)) {
+	homedir = wgethomedir();
+	if (WMRunModalFilePanelForDirectory(opanel, panel->parent, homedir, _("Select File"), NULL)) {
 		path = WMGetFilePanelFileName(opanel);
 
 		OpenExtractPanelFor(panel);
 
 		wfree(path);
 	}
+	if (homedir) {
+		wfree(homedir);
+	}
 }
 
 static void changePage(WMWidget * w, void *data)

WPrefs.app/FontSimple.c

@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ static char *getSelectedFont(_Panel * panel, FcChar8 * curfont)
 	WMListItem *item;
 	FcPattern *pat;
 	char *name;
+	char *result;
 
 	if (curfont)
 		pat = FcNameParse(curfont);
@@ -321,9 +322,12 @@ static char *getSelectedFont(_Panel * panel, FcChar8 * curfont)
 	}
 
 	name = (char *)FcNameUnparse(pat);
+	result = wstrdup(name);
+	free(name);
 	FcPatternDestroy(pat);
 
-	return name;
+
+	return result;
 }
 
 static void updateSampleFont(_Panel * panel)

WPrefs.app/Makefile.am

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = -DRESOURCE_PATH=\"$(wpdatadir)\" -DWMAKER_RESOURCE_PATH=\"$(pkgdat
 WPrefs_DEPENDENCIES = $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWINGs.la
 
 WPrefs_LDADD = \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a\
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWINGs.la\
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la\
 	$(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la \

WPrefs.app/TexturePanel.c

@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ static void browseImageCallback(WMWidget *w, void *data)
 	WMSetFilePanelCanChooseFiles(opanel, True);
 
 	if (!ipath)
-		ipath = wstrdup(wgethomedir());
+		ipath = wgethomedir();
 
 	if (WMRunModalFilePanelForDirectory(opanel, panel->win, ipath, _("Open Image"), NULL)) {
 		char *path, *fullpath;

WPrefs.app/main.c

@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int i;
 	char *display_name = "";
 
-	wsetabort(wAbort);
-
 	memset(DeadHandlers, 0, sizeof(DeadHandlers));
 
 	WMInitializeApplication("WPrefs", &argc, argv);

configure.ac

@@ -54,10 +54,12 @@ AC_CHECK_PROG(CARGO, [cargo], [yes], [no])
 AS_IF(test x$CARGO = xno,
     AC_MSG_ERROR([cargo is required.  Please set the CARGO environment variable or install the Rust toolchain from https://www.rust-lang.org/])
 )
+AC_SUBST(CARGO, [cargo])
 AC_CHECK_PROG(RUSTC, [rustc], [yes], [no])
 AS_IF(test x$RUSTC = xno,
     AC_MSG_ERROR([rustc is required.  Please set the RUSTC environment variable or install the Rust toolchain from https://www.rust-lang.org/])
 )
+AC_SUBST(RUSTC, [rustc])
 
 dnl libtool library versioning
 dnl ==========================
@@ -351,24 +353,6 @@ AS_IF([test "x$enable_mwm_hints" = "xno"],
 AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_MWM_HINTS], [test "x$enable_mwm_hints" != "xno"])
 
 
-dnl Boehm GC
-dnl ========
-m4_divert_push([INIT_PREPARE])dnl
-AC_ARG_ENABLE([boehm-gc],
-    [AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-boehm-gc], [use Boehm GC instead of the default libc malloc() [default=no]])],
-    [AS_CASE(["$enableval"],
-        [yes], [with_boehm_gc=yes],
-        [no],  [with_boehm_gc=no],
-        [AC_MSG_ERROR([bad value $enableval for --enable-boehm-gc])] )],
-    [with_boehm_gc=no])
-m4_divert_pop([INIT_PREPARE])dnl
-
-AS_IF([test "x$with_boehm_gc" = "xyes"],
-    AC_SEARCH_LIBS([GC_malloc], [gc],
-        [AC_DEFINE(USE_BOEHM_GC, 1, [Define if Boehm GC is to be used])],
-        [AC_MSG_FAILURE([--enable-boehm-gc specified but test for libgc failed])]))
-
-
 dnl LCOV
 dnl ====
 m4_divert_push([INIT_PREPARE])dnl
@@ -973,6 +957,9 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES(
     wrlib/Makefile wrlib/po/Makefile
     wrlib/tests/Makefile
 
+    dnl Rust implementation of WINGs libraries
+    wutil-rs/Makefile
+
     dnl WINGs toolkit
     WINGs/Makefile WINGs/WINGs/Makefile WINGs/po/Makefile
     WINGs/Documentation/Makefile WINGs/Resources/Makefile WINGs/Extras/Makefile

doc/build/Compilation.texi

@@ -253,14 +253,6 @@ If found, then the library @emph{WRaster} can use the @emph{ImageMagick} library
 @sc{Window Maker} support more image formats, like @emph{SVG}, @emph{BMP}, @emph{TGA}, ...
 You can get it from @uref{http://www.imagemagick.org/}
 
-@item @emph{Boehm GC}
-
-This library can be used by the @emph{WINGs} utility toolkit to use a
-@cite{Boehm-Demers-Weiser Garbage Collector} instead of the traditional
-@command{malloc}/@command{free} functions from the @emph{libc}.
-You have to explicitly ask for its support though (@pxref{Configure Options}).
-You can get it from @uref{http://www.hboehm.info/gc/}
-
 @end itemize
 
 
@@ -468,8 +460,6 @@ You can find more information about the libraries in the
 @ref{Optional Dependencies}.
 
 @table @option
-@item --enable-boehm-gc
-Never enabled by default, use Boehm GC instead of the default @emph{libc} @command{malloc()}
 
 @item --disable-gif
 Disable GIF support in @emph{WRaster} library; when enabled use @file{libgif} or @file{libungif}.

src/dialog.c

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ static void handleHistoryKeyPress(XEvent * event, void *clientData)
 	case XK_Up:
 		if (p->histpos < WMGetArrayItemCount(p->history) - 1) {
 			if (p->histpos == 0)
-				wfree(WMReplaceInArray(p->history, 0, WMGetTextFieldText(p->panel->text)));
+				wfree(WMSetInArray(p->history, 0, WMGetTextFieldText(p->panel->text)));
 			p->histpos++;
 			WMSetTextFieldText(p->panel->text, WMGetFromArray(p->history, p->histpos));
 		}
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ int wAdvancedInputDialog(WScreen *scr, const char *title, const char *message, c
 
 	if (p->panel->result == WAPRDefault) {
 		result = WMGetTextFieldText(p->panel->text);
-		wfree(WMReplaceInArray(p->history, 0, wstrdup(result)));
+		wfree(WMSetInArray(p->history, 0, wstrdup(result)));
 		SaveHistory(p->history, filename);
 	} else
 		result = NULL;

src/event.c

@@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ static void handleKeyPress(XEvent * event)
 			}
 
 			if (wwin->flags.selected && scr->selected_windows) {
-				scr->shortcutWindows[widx] = WMDuplicateArray(scr->selected_windows);
+				scr->shortcutWindows[widx] = WMCreateArrayWithArray(scr->selected_windows);
 				/*WMRemoveFromArray(scr->shortcutWindows[index], wwin);
 				   WMInsertInArray(scr->shortcutWindows[index], 0, wwin); */
 			} else {
@@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@ static void handleKeyPress(XEvent * event)
 				if (scr->shortcutWindows[widx]) {
 					WMFreeArray(scr->shortcutWindows[widx]);
 				}
-				scr->shortcutWindows[widx] = WMDuplicateArray(scr->selected_windows);
+				scr->shortcutWindows[widx] = WMCreateArrayWithArray(scr->selected_windows);
 			}
 		}
 

src/main.c

@@ -624,7 +624,6 @@ static int real_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int d, s;
 
 	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-	wsetabort(wAbort);
 
 	/* for telling WPrefs what's the name of the wmaker binary being ran */
 	setenv("WMAKER_BIN_NAME", argv[0], 1);

src/switchpanel.c

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static void changeImage(WSwitchPanel *panel, int idecks, int selected, Bool dim,
 	if (flags == desired && !force)
 		return;
 
-	WMReplaceInArray(panel->flags, idecks, (void *) (uintptr_t) desired);
+	WMSetInArray(panel->flags, idecks, (void *) (uintptr_t) desired);
 
 	if (!panel->bg && !panel->tile && !selected)
 		WMSetFrameRelief(icon, WRFlat);

src/winmenu.c

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ static void makeShortcutCommand(WMenu * menu, WMenuEntry * entry)
 	}
 
 	if (wwin->flags.selected && scr->selected_windows) {
-		scr->shortcutWindows[index] = WMDuplicateArray(scr->selected_windows);
+		scr->shortcutWindows[index] = WMCreateArrayWithArray(scr->selected_windows);
 		/*WMRemoveFromArray(scr->shortcutWindows[index], wwin);
 		   WMInsertInArray(scr->shortcutWindows[index], 0, wwin); */
 	} else {

util/Makefile.am

@@ -18,31 +18,50 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 
 liblist= @LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATH@ @INTLIBS@
 
-wdwrite_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+wdwrite_LDADD = \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
-wdread_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+wdread_LDADD = \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
 wxcopy_LDADD = @XLFLAGS@ @XLIBS@
 
 wxpaste_LDADD = @XLFLAGS@ @XLIBS@
 
-getstyle_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+getstyle_LDADD = \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	 $(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
 getstyle_SOURCES = getstyle.c fontconv.c common.h
 
 setstyle_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	 $(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
 	@XLFLAGS@ @XLIBS@ $(liblist)
 
 setstyle_SOURCES = setstyle.c fontconv.c common.h
 
-convertfonts_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+convertfonts_LDADD = \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
 convertfonts_SOURCES = convertfonts.c fontconv.c common.h
 
-seticons_LDADD= $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+seticons_LDADD= \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	 $(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
-geticonset_LDADD= $(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la $(liblist)
+geticonset_LDADD= \
+	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	 $(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
+	$(liblist)
 
 wmagnify_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWINGs.la \
@@ -52,18 +71,21 @@ wmagnify_LDADD = \
 
 wmsetbg_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWINGs.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
 	$(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la \
 	@XLFLAGS@ @LIBXINERAMA@ @XLIBS@ @INTLIBS@
 
 wmgenmenu_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
 	@INTLIBS@
 
 wmgenmenu_SOURCES = wmgenmenu.c wmgenmenu.h
 
 wmmenugen_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWUtil.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
 	@INTLIBS@
 
 wmmenugen_SOURCES = wmmenugen.c wmmenugen.h wmmenugen_misc.c \
@@ -75,6 +97,7 @@ wmiv_CFLAGS = @PANGO_CFLAGS@ @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
 wmiv_LDADD = \
 	$(top_builddir)/wrlib/libwraster.la \
 	$(top_builddir)/WINGs/libWINGs.la \
+	$(top_builddir)/wutil-rs/target/debug/libwutil_rs.a \
 	@XLFLAGS@ @XLIBS@ @GFXLIBS@ \
 	@PANGO_LIBS@ @PTHREAD_LIBS@ @LIBEXIF@
 

util/setstyle.c

@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 
 		buf[strlen(buf) - 6 /* strlen("/style") */] = '\0';
-		homedir = wstrdup(wgethomedir());
+		homedir = wgethomedir();
 		if (strlen(homedir) > 1	&&	/* this is insane, wgethomedir() returns `/' on error */
 		    strncmp(homedir, buf, strlen(homedir)) == 0) {
 			/* theme pack is under ${HOME}; exchange ${HOME} part

wutil-rs/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "wutil-rs"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["staticlib"]

wutil-rs/Makefile.am

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS =
+
+RUST_SOURCES = \
+	src/array.rs \
+	src/find_file.rs \
+	src/lib.rs \
+	src/memory.rs
+
+RUST_EXTRA = \
+	Cargo.lock \
+	Cargo.toml
+
+target/debug/libwutil_rs.a: $(RUST_SOURCES) $(RUST_EXTRA)
+	$(CARGO) build
+
+check-local:
+	$(CARGO) test
+
+clean-local:
+	$(CARGO) clean
+
+all: target/debug/libwutil_rs.a

wutil-rs/src/array.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+use std::{ffi::c_void, ptr::NonNull};
+
+pub struct Array {
+    items: Vec<NonNull<c_void>>,
+    destructor: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(x: *mut c_void)>,
+}
+
+pub mod ffi {
+    use super::Array;
+
+    use std::{
+        ffi::{c_int, c_void},
+        ptr::{self, NonNull},
+    };
+
+    pub const NOT_FOUND: c_int = -1;
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateArray(initial_size: c_int) -> *mut Array {
+        let cap = if initial_size < 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            initial_size as usize
+        };
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Array {
+            items: Vec::with_capacity(cap),
+            destructor: None,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateArrayWithDestructor(
+        initial_size: c_int,
+        destructor: unsafe extern "C" fn(x: *mut c_void),
+    ) -> *mut Array {
+        let cap = if initial_size < 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            initial_size as usize
+        };
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Array {
+            items: Vec::with_capacity(cap),
+            destructor: Some(destructor),
+        }))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateArrayWithArray(array: *mut Array) -> *mut Array {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Array {
+            items: array.items.clone(),
+            destructor: array.destructor,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMEmptyArray(array: *mut Array) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &mut *array };
+        if let Some(f) = array.destructor {
+            for item in &mut array.items {
+                unsafe { (f)(item.as_ptr()) }
+            }
+        }
+        array.items.clear();
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMFreeArray(array: *mut Array) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            WMEmptyArray(array);
+            let _ = ptr::read(array);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMGetArrayItemCount(array: *mut Array) -> c_int {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        unsafe { (*array).items.len() as c_int }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMAddToArray(array: *mut Array, item: *mut c_void) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Some(item) = NonNull::new(item) {
+            unsafe {
+                (*array).items.push(item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMInsertInArray(array: *mut Array, index: c_int, item: *mut c_void) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if index < 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &mut (*array).items };
+        let index = index as usize;
+        if index >= array.len() {
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Some(item) = NonNull::new(item) {
+            array.insert(index, item);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMSetInArray(
+        array: *mut Array,
+        index: c_int,
+        item: *mut c_void,
+    ) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        if index < 0 {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let index = index as usize;
+
+        /* is it really useful to perform append if index == array->itemCount ? -Dan */
+        if index == unsafe { (*array).items.len() } {
+            unsafe {
+                WMAddToArray(array, item);
+            }
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+
+        let item = match NonNull::new(item) {
+            Some(x) => x,
+            None => return ptr::null_mut(),
+        };
+        let array = unsafe { &mut (*array).items };
+
+        let old = array[index];
+        array[index] = item;
+        old.as_ptr()
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMDeleteFromArray(array: *mut Array, index: c_int) -> c_int {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &mut *array };
+        if index < 0 {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        let index = index as usize;
+        if index >= array.items.len() {
+            0
+        } else {
+            let old = array.items.remove(index);
+            if let Some(f) = array.destructor {
+                unsafe {
+                    (f)(old.as_ptr());
+                }
+            }
+            1
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMRemoveFromArray(array: *mut Array, item: *mut c_void) -> c_int {
+        unsafe { WMRemoveFromArrayMatching(array, None, item) }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMRemoveFromArrayMatching(
+        array: *mut Array,
+        pred: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(item: *const c_void, cdata: *mut c_void) -> c_int>,
+        cdata: *mut c_void,
+    ) -> c_int {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &mut *array };
+        let original_len = array.items.len();
+        match pred {
+            Some(f) => array.items.retain(|x| unsafe { f(x.as_ptr(), cdata) != 0 }),
+            None => array.items.retain(|x| ptr::eq(x.as_ptr(), cdata)),
+        }
+        (original_len - array.items.len()) as c_int
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMGetFromArray(array: *mut Array, index: c_int) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() || index < 0 {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            (*array)
+                .items
+                .get(index as usize)
+                .map(|p| p.as_ptr())
+                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMGetFirstInArray(array: *mut Array, item: *mut c_void) -> c_int {
+        unsafe { WMFindInArray(array, None, item) }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMPopFromArray(array: *mut Array) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            (*array)
+                .items
+                .pop()
+                .map(|p| p.as_ptr())
+                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMFindInArray(
+        array: *mut Array,
+        pred: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(item: *const c_void, cdata: *mut c_void) -> c_int>,
+        cdata: *mut c_void,
+    ) -> c_int {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        if let Some(f) = pred {
+            array
+                .items
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .find(|(_, item)| unsafe { f(item.as_ptr(), cdata) != 0 })
+                .map(|(i, _)| i as c_int)
+                .unwrap_or(NOT_FOUND)
+        } else {
+            array
+                .items
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .find(|(_, item)| ptr::eq(item.as_ptr(), cdata))
+                .map(|(i, _)| i as c_int)
+                .unwrap_or(NOT_FOUND)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCountInArray(array: *mut Array, item: *const c_void) -> c_int {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        array
+            .items
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|x| ptr::eq(x.as_ptr(), item))
+            .count() as c_int
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMSortArray(
+        array: *mut Array,
+        comparator: unsafe extern "C" fn(a: *const c_void, b: *const c_void) -> c_int,
+    ) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            (*array)
+                .items
+                .sort_by(|&a, &b| match comparator(a.as_ptr(), b.as_ptr()).signum() {
+                    -1 => std::cmp::Ordering::Less,
+                    0 => std::cmp::Ordering::Equal,
+                    1 => std::cmp::Ordering::Greater,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMMapArray(
+        array: *mut Array,
+        f: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut c_void, *mut c_void),
+        data: *mut c_void,
+    ) {
+        if array.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            for a in &mut (*array).items {
+                (f)(a.as_ptr(), data);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMArrayFirst(array: *mut Array, iter: *mut c_int) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() || iter.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        match array.items.get(0) {
+            None => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = NOT_FOUND;
+                }
+                ptr::null_mut()
+            }
+            Some(x) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = 0;
+                }
+                x.as_ptr()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMArrayLast(array: *mut Array, iter: *mut c_int) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() || iter.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        match array.items.last() {
+            None => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = NOT_FOUND;
+                }
+                ptr::null_mut()
+            }
+            Some(x) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = (array.items.len() - 1) as c_int;
+                }
+                x.as_ptr()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMArrayNext(array: *mut Array, iter: *mut c_int) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() || iter.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        let index = unsafe { *iter };
+        if index < 0 {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        match array.items.get(index as usize) {
+            Some(i) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter += 1;
+                }
+                i.as_ptr()
+            }
+            None => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = NOT_FOUND;
+                }
+                ptr::null_mut()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMArrayPrevious(array: *mut Array, iter: *mut c_int) -> *mut c_void {
+        if array.is_null() || iter.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let array = unsafe { &*array };
+        let index = unsafe { *iter };
+        if index < 0 {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        match array.items.get(index as usize) {
+            Some(i) => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter -= 1;
+                }
+                i.as_ptr()
+            }
+            None => {
+                unsafe {
+                    *iter = NOT_FOUND;
+                }
+                ptr::null_mut()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::{ffi::c_void, ptr};
+
+    use super::ffi::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn create_destroy_with_size() {
+        unsafe {
+            let array = WMCreateArray(10);
+            assert_eq!((*array).items.len(), 0);
+            assert!((*array).items.capacity() >= 10);
+            WMFreeArray(array);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn create_push_clear_destroy() {
+        static mut SENTINEL: *mut c_void = ptr::null_mut();
+        unsafe extern "C" fn destructor(item: *mut c_void) {
+            unsafe {
+                SENTINEL = item;
+            }
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            let array = WMCreateArrayWithDestructor(10, destructor);
+            assert!(SENTINEL.is_null());
+
+            let mut x = 0xdeadbeefu32;
+            WMAddToArray(array, (&mut x as *mut u32).cast::<c_void>());
+            assert_eq!(WMGetArrayItemCount(array), 1);
+            WMEmptyArray(array);
+            assert!(ptr::eq(SENTINEL, (&x as *const u32).cast::<c_void>()));
+            assert_eq!(0xdeadbeefu32, *SENTINEL.cast::<u32>());
+
+            SENTINEL = ptr::null_mut();
+            WMFreeArray(array);
+            assert!(SENTINEL.is_null());
+        }
+    }
+}

wutil-rs/src/data.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//! Self-owning shared data segment.
+
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum Format {
+    Z = 0,
+    E = 8,
+    S = 16,
+    T = 32,
+}
+
+/// Reference-counted, self-owned, dynamically sized chunk of bytes.
+///
+/// In the original WINGs, this type either owned or borrowed a data buffer and
+/// had some associated metadata. In Rust, this is little more than a thin
+/// wrapper around an `Rc<RefCell<Vec<u8>>>`. It is mostly used by proplists,
+/// and it should be done away with once its dependents have been ported to
+/// Rust.
+pub struct Data(Rc<RefCell<Inner>>);
+
+struct Inner {
+    bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    format: Format,
+}
+
+pub mod ffi {
+    use super::{Data, Format, Inner};
+
+    use std::{
+        cell::RefCell,
+        ffi::{c_int, c_uint, c_void},
+        ptr,
+        rc::Rc,
+    };
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateDataWithCapacity(capacity: c_uint) -> *mut Data {
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Data(Rc::new(RefCell::new(Inner {
+            bytes: Vec::with_capacity(capacity as usize),
+            format: Format::Z,
+        })))))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateDataWithLength(length: c_uint) -> *mut Data {
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Data(Rc::new(RefCell::new(Inner {
+            bytes: vec![0; length as usize],
+            format: Format::Z,
+        })))))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateDataWithBytes(
+        bytes: *const c_void,
+        length: c_uint,
+    ) -> *mut Data {
+        let bytes = unsafe { &*ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(bytes.cast::<u8>(), length as usize) };
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes);
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Data(Rc::new(RefCell::new(Inner {
+            bytes,
+            format: Format::Z,
+        })))))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMCreateDataWithData(data: *mut Data) -> *mut Data {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let data = unsafe { &*data };
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Data(Rc::new(RefCell::new(Inner {
+            bytes: data.0.borrow().bytes.clone(),
+            format: data.0.borrow().format,
+        })))))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMRetainData(data: *mut Data) -> *mut Data {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let data = unsafe { &*data };
+        Box::leak(Box::new(Data(data.0.clone())))
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMReleaseData(data: *mut Data) {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let _ = unsafe { ptr::read(data) };
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMDataBytes(data: *mut Data) -> *const c_void {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null();
+        }
+
+        unsafe { (*data).0.borrow().bytes.as_ptr().cast::<c_void>() }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMIsDataEqualToData(a: *mut Data, b: *mut Data) -> c_int {
+        if a.is_null() || b.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if ptr::eq(a, b) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        let a = unsafe { &*a };
+        let b = unsafe { &*b };
+        (a.0.borrow().bytes == b.0.borrow().bytes) as c_int
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMGetDataLength(data: *mut Data) -> c_uint {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        unsafe { (*data).0.borrow().bytes.len() as c_uint }
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMAppendDataBytes(
+        data: *mut Data,
+        bytes: *const c_void,
+        length: c_uint,
+    ) {
+        if data.is_null() || bytes.is_null() || length == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+        let data = unsafe { &mut *data };
+        let bytes = unsafe { &*ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(bytes.cast::<u8>(), length as usize) };
+        data.0.borrow_mut().bytes.extend_from_slice(bytes);
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMAppendData(data: *mut Data, ext: *mut Data) {
+        if data.is_null() || ext.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let data = unsafe { &mut *data };
+        let ext = unsafe { &*ext };
+        data.0
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .bytes
+            .extend_from_slice(&ext.0.borrow().bytes);
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMSetData(data: *mut Data, other: *mut Data) {
+        if data.is_null() || other.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let data = unsafe { &mut *data };
+        let other = unsafe { &*other };
+        data.0
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .bytes
+            .copy_from_slice(&other.0.borrow().bytes);
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMGetDataFormat(data: *mut Data) -> c_uint {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return unsafe {
+            match (*data).0.borrow().format {
+                Format::Z => 0,
+                Format::E => 8,
+                Format::S => 16,
+                Format::T => 32,
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn WMSetDataFormat(data: *mut Data, format: c_uint) {
+        if data.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let format = match format {
+            0 => Format::Z,
+            8 => Format::E,
+            16 => Format::S,
+            32 => Format::T,
+            _ => return,
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            (*data).0.borrow_mut().format = format;
+        }
+    }
+}

wutil-rs/src/find_file.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+//! This module provides approximate reimplementations of file-finding routines
+//! from the original WINGs utilities.
+//!
+//! The [`ffi`] submodule provides functions which may be called directly from C
+//! that has not yet been ported to Rust.
+//!
+//! The original utilities expanded environment variables in path names
+//! (expanding `$FOO/bar/baz` to use the value of the environment variable
+//! `FOO`) and respected Unix-style denotations of user home directories
+//! (resolving `~someuser/foo.txt` to `(home directory of
+//! someuser)/foo.txt`. These behaviors have not been preserved. But a path
+//! whose first component is `~` will still be resolved relatively to the
+//! current user's home directory.
+//!
+//! Keep in mind that these utilities are not strictly correct as originally
+//! designed: a file path that appears valid when it is checked in a subroutine
+//! may become invalid if the file is deleted between when the path is checked
+//! and when downstream code attempts to open the file. A better design would
+//! open the file and return a live file pointer instead of simply returning a
+//! path that is likely to work. Future work should redesign this module to
+//! avoid this issue.
+
+use std::{
+    env,
+    ffi::OsStr,
+    fs::File,
+    path::{Component, Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+/// If `file` is an absolute path can be opened, returns that path. Paths
+/// starting with `~` are treated as absolute, and the user's home directory is
+/// substituted for `~` (so `~/foo` becomes `(users's home directory)/foo`). If
+/// the user's home directory cannot be determined, `/` is used instead.
+///
+/// Returns `None` otherwise.
+pub fn absolute(file: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if file.is_absolute() {
+        return Some(file.to_path_buf());
+    } else {
+        let mut components = file.components();
+        if components.next() == Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("~"))) {
+            let mut path = env::home_dir().unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("/"));
+            for c in components {
+                path.push(c);
+            }
+            Some(path)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Resolves `file` to a path that can be opened relative to an element of
+/// `paths`, or `None` if it cannot be found. If `paths` is empty, an attempt to
+/// resolve `file` relative to the current working directory will be made.
+pub fn in_paths<'a>(paths: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Path>, file: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if file.file_name().map(|f| f.is_empty()).unwrap_or(false) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut paths = paths.peekable();
+
+    if paths.peek().is_none() {
+        if let Ok(_) = File::open(file) {
+            return Some(file.to_path_buf());
+        }
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
+    for parent in paths {
+        buf.clear();
+        buf.push(parent);
+        buf.push(file);
+        if let Ok(_) = File::open(&buf) {
+            return Some(buf);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub mod ffi {
+    use super::{absolute, in_paths};
+    use crate::memory::alloc_bytes;
+
+    use std::{
+        env,
+        ffi::{CStr, OsStr, c_char, c_int},
+        iter,
+        os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt,
+        path::{Path, PathBuf},
+        ptr,
+    };
+
+    fn split_paths(paths: &CStr) -> impl Iterator<Item = &[u8]> {
+        paths.to_bytes().split(|b| *b == b':')
+    }
+
+    fn to_c_str(p: &Path) -> *mut c_char {
+        let os_bytes = p.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
+        let buf = alloc_bytes(os_bytes.len() + 1);
+        unsafe {
+            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(os_bytes.as_ptr(), buf, os_bytes.len());
+        }
+        buf.cast::<c_char>()
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to find `file` under colon-separated `paths`. Checks if `file`
+    /// is absolute or prefixed with `~` before attempting to resolve it
+    /// relatively. If no file can be found, returns NULL. Non-NULL return
+    /// values must be freed with [`crate::memory::free_bytes`] or
+    /// [`crate::memory::ffi::wfree`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wfindfile(paths: *const c_char, file: *const c_char) -> *mut c_char {
+        if file.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let file = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(file) };
+        let file = Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(file.to_bytes()));
+        if let Some(path) = absolute(&file) {
+            return to_c_str(&path);
+        }
+        let path = if paths.is_null() {
+            in_paths(iter::empty(), file)
+        } else {
+            let paths = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(paths) };
+            in_paths(
+                split_paths(paths).map(|p| Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(p))),
+                file,
+            )
+        };
+        path.map(|x| to_c_str(x.as_ref()))
+            .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to find `file` under an element of NULL-terminated
+    /// `path_list`. Checks if `file` is absolute or prefixed with `~` before
+    /// attempting to resolve it relatively. If no file can be found, returns
+    /// NULL. Non-NULL return values must be freed with
+    /// [`crate::memory::free_bytes`] or [`crate::memory::ffi::wfree`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wfindfileinlist(
+        path_list: *const *const c_char,
+        file: *const c_char,
+    ) -> *mut c_char {
+        if file.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let file = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(file) };
+        let file = Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(file.to_bytes()));
+        if let Some(path) = absolute(&file) {
+            return to_c_str(&path);
+        }
+
+        let path = if path_list.is_null() {
+            in_paths(iter::empty(), file)
+        } else {
+            let paths = (0usize..)
+                .map(|offset| unsafe { path_list.add(offset) })
+                .take_while(|&p| unsafe { !(*p).is_null() })
+                .map(|p| Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(*p).to_bytes() })));
+            in_paths(paths, file)
+        };
+
+        path.map(|x| to_c_str(x.as_ref()))
+            .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut())
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to expand `path` if it starts with `~` by replacing the first
+    /// path element with the user's home directory. Returns NULL if `path` is
+    /// NULL. Non-NULL return values must be freed with
+    /// [`crate::memory::free_bytes`] or [`crate::memory::ffi::wfree`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wexpandpath(path: *const c_char) -> *mut c_char {
+        if path.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        let path = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(path) };
+        let path = Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(path.to_bytes()));
+        absolute(path)
+            .map(|p| to_c_str(&p))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| to_c_str(&path))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the home directory of the current user, or `"/"` if it cannot be
+    /// determined. The returned value must be freed with
+    /// [`crate::memory::free_bytes`] or [`crate::memory::ffi::wfree`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wgethomedir() -> *mut c_char {
+        match env::home_dir() {
+            Some(x) => to_c_str(x.as_ref()),
+            None => to_c_str(Path::new("/")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Copies `src_file` into `dest_dir/dest_file`. Returns 0 on success, or -1
+    /// on error.
+    ///
+    /// This is provided solely to support code that has not yet been ported to
+    /// Rust. Prefer `std::fs::copy` or another utility if you can.
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wcopy_file(
+        dest_dir: *const c_char,
+        src_file: *const c_char,
+        dest_file: *const c_char,
+    ) -> c_int {
+        if dest_dir.is_null() || src_file.is_null() || dest_file.is_null() {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        let src_file = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(src_file) };
+        let dest_dir = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(dest_dir) };
+        let dest_file = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(dest_file) };
+        let src = Path::new(OsStr::from_bytes(src_file.to_bytes()));
+        let mut dest = PathBuf::from(OsStr::from_bytes(dest_dir.to_bytes()));
+        dest.push(OsStr::from_bytes(dest_file.to_bytes()));
+        if std::fs::copy(src, dest).is_ok() {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+}

wutil-rs/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pub mod array;
+pub mod data;
+pub mod find_file;
+pub mod memory;

wutil-rs/src/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//! Custom implementations of malloc/free/realloc.
+//!
+//! These are intended for use by C functions that need to allocate. Window
+//! Maker originally provided [`wmalloc`], [`wfree`], and [`wrealloc`] for
+//! customizable handling of memory exhaustion (to save workspace state before
+//! aborting) and to allow optional use of the Boehm GC library. It also tracked
+//! reference counts, via [`wretain`] and [`wrelease`].
+//!
+//! If everything gets rewritten in Rust, we won't need this module anymore. For
+//! now, it helps to move our allocations into Rust so that it is more
+//! straightforward to store Rust objects in heap memory that was allocated from
+//! C. (Rust may have stricter requirements for heap-allocated segments than are
+//! provided by arbitrary C allocators).
+//!
+//! TODO: We may want to restore handling of OOM errors. This would require
+//! installing a customized Rust allocator, which isn't something you can do yet
+//! in stable Rust. And, unless our rewrite ends up taking up obscenely more
+//! memory than the baseline Window Maker code, it isn't really necessary in
+//! this day and age.
+
+use std::{alloc, mem, ptr::{self, NonNull}};
+
+/// Tracks the layout and reference count of an allocated chunk of memory.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Header {
+    ptr: NonNull<u8>,
+    layout: alloc::Layout,
+    refcount: u16,
+}
+
+impl Header {
+    /// Recovers the `Header` for the allocated memory chunk `b`.
+    ///
+    /// ## Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `b` is a live allocation from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+    unsafe fn for_alloc_bytes(b: *mut u8) -> *mut Header {
+        unsafe {
+            b.sub(mem::size_of::<Header>())
+                .cast::<Header>()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Allocates at least `size` bytes and returns a pointer to them.
+///
+/// Returns null if `size` is 0.
+pub fn alloc_bytes(size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
+    if size == 0 {
+        return ptr::null_mut();
+    }
+    let header_layout = match alloc::Layout::from_size_align(mem::size_of::<Header>(), 8) {
+        Ok(x) => x,
+        Err(_) => return ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+
+    let layout = match alloc::Layout::from_size_align(size, 8) {
+        Ok(x) => x,
+        Err(_) => return ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+    let (layout, result_offset) = match header_layout.extend(layout) {
+        Ok(x) => x,
+        Err(_) => return ptr::null_mut(),
+    };
+
+    let full_segment = unsafe { alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout) };
+    if full_segment.is_null() {
+        return ptr::null_mut();
+    }
+    let result = unsafe { full_segment.add(result_offset) };
+    if result.is_null() {
+        return ptr::null_mut();
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let header = result.sub(mem::size_of::<Header>()).cast::<Header>();
+        header.write_unaligned(Header {
+            ptr: NonNull::new_unchecked(full_segment),
+            layout: header_layout,
+            refcount: 0,
+        });
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Frees the bytes pointed to by `b`.
+///
+/// ## Safety
+///
+/// Callers must ensure that `b` is a live allocation from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+pub unsafe fn free_bytes(b: *mut u8) {
+    if b.is_null() {
+        return;
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        let header = &*Header::for_alloc_bytes(b);
+        alloc::dealloc(header.ptr.as_ptr(), header.layout);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Functions to be called from C.
+pub mod ffi {
+    use super::{alloc_bytes, free_bytes, Header};
+
+    use std::{ffi::c_void, ptr};
+
+    /// Allocates `size` bytes. Returns null if `sizes is 0.
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wmalloc(size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
+        alloc_bytes(size).cast::<c_void>()
+    }
+
+    /// Frees `ptr`, which must have come from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wfree(ptr: *mut c_void) {
+        unsafe { free_bytes(ptr.cast::<u8>()); }
+    }
+
+    /// Resizes `ptr` to be at least `newsize` bytes in size, returning the
+    /// start of the new segment.
+    ///
+    /// ## Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `ptr` is a live allocation from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wrealloc(ptr: *mut c_void, newsize: usize) -> *mut c_void {
+        unsafe {
+            wfree(ptr);
+            wmalloc(newsize).cast::<c_void>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Bumps the refcount for `ptr`.
+    ///
+    /// ## Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `b` is a live allocation from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wretain(ptr: *mut c_void) -> *mut c_void {
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            let header = Header::for_alloc_bytes(ptr.cast::<u8>());
+            (*header).refcount += 1;
+        }
+        ptr
+    }
+
+    /// Decrements the refcount for `ptr`. If this brings the refcount to 0,
+    /// frees `ptr`.
+    ///
+    /// ## Safety
+    ///
+    /// Callers must ensure that `ptr` is a live allocation from [`wmalloc`] or [`wrealloc`].
+    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn wrelease(ptr: *mut c_void) {
+        let ptr = ptr.cast::<u8>();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let header = unsafe { &mut *Header::for_alloc_bytes(ptr) };
+        match header.refcount {
+            0 | 1 => unsafe { free_bytes(ptr) },
+            _ => header.refcount -= 1,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::{alloc_bytes, free_bytes, ffi::wrealloc, Header};
+
+    use std::{mem, os::raw::c_void, ptr};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recover_header() {
+        unsafe {
+            let x = alloc_bytes(mem::size_of::<i64>());
+            let header = Header::for_alloc_bytes(x);
+            assert_eq!(header.cast::<u8>().add(mem::size_of::<Header>()), x);
+            // This may be allocator-dependent, but it's a reasonable sanity check for now.
+            assert!((*header).ptr.as_ptr() <= header.cast::<u8>());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    #[test]
+    fn alloc_zero_returns_null() {
+        assert!(alloc_bytes(0).is_null());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn free_null() {
+        unsafe { free_bytes(ptr::null_mut()); }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn realloc_null() {
+        unsafe { assert!(wrealloc(ptr::null_mut(), 0).is_null()); }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn alloc_free_nonzero() {
+        let x = alloc_bytes(mem::size_of::<i64>()).cast::<i64>();
+        assert!(!x.is_null());
+        unsafe { *x = 42; }
+        assert_eq!(unsafe { *x }, 42);
+        unsafe { free_bytes(x.cast::<u8>()); }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn realloc_nonzero() {
+        let x = alloc_bytes(mem::size_of::<i64>()).cast::<c_void>();
+        assert!(!x.is_null());
+        let y = unsafe { wrealloc(x, mem::size_of::<i32>()).cast::<i32>() };
+        assert!(!y.is_null());
+        unsafe { *y = 17; }
+        assert_eq!(unsafe { *y }, 17);
+        unsafe { free_bytes(y.cast::<u8>()); }
+    }
+}