527 lines
28 KiB
HTML
Executable File
527 lines
28 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<meta name="description" content="How to Operate Quisk">
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<meta name="author" content="James C. Ahlstrom">
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<meta name="keywords" content="quisk, sdr, software defined radio, ham radio">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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</head><body>
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<h3>
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QUISK Help
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</h3>
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<p>
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<a href="http://james.ahlstrom.name/quisk/CHANGELOG.txt">The current CHANGELOG.txt is here</a>.
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<br>
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<br>
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<a href="docs.html">The documentation is here</a>.
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<br>
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<br>
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<a href="defaults.html">The default configuration is here</a>.
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<br>
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</p>
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<p>This is the Help file for Quisk, a Software Defined Radio (SDR).
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Quisk was written and is maintained by Jim Ahlstrom, N2ADR,
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www.james.ahlstrom.name. Mail to jahlstr at gmail.com. Quisk has been
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greatly improved and extended by Leigh L. Klotz Jr. WA5ZNU, and by Andrew Nilsson VK6JBL.
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Thanks to Terry Fox WB4JFI for code improvements, and for adding support
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for the Charleston hardware. Thanks to Sid Boyce, G3VBV, for sending me SoftRock hardware to work
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with. Thanks to Christof, DJ4CM, for many improvements to the GUI and for the Dx cluster display.
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Thanks to Philip G. Lee for adding native support for PulseAudio, and to Eric Thornton for
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adding PulseAudio async low-latency support. There are many other contributers who are
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mentioned in the source code.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk supports several radios, such as HiQSDR, SDR-IQ, Hermes-Lite,
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SoftRock, etc. The Quisk software will read the samples from UDP or
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your sound card data, tune it, filter it,
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demodulate it, and send the audio to headphones or speakers.
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Quisk can also be used as a panadapter, by sending the radio IF output to Quisk.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk rhymes with "brisk", and is QSK plus a few letters to make it
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easier to pronounce. QSK is a Q signal meaning full break in CW operation,
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and Quisk has been designed for low latency. Quisk includes an input
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keying signal that can mute the audio and substitute a side tone.
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To install and configure Quisk, please see the docs.html file in the
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Quisk directory.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk is written in Python, an easy
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to learn but powerful language; see www.python.org. Source is provided
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because your own hardware is probably different from mine, and you will
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need to change something. Changing Python is easy.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.2">Configuration</h3>
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<p>
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Quisk is highly configurable. Many aspects of Quisk such as which buttons
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are displayed can be changed. You can even add additional buttons of your own. Quisk
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was originally designed to be a general purpose component in anyone's homebrew
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software defined radio. Besides the usual configuration settings,
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Quisk uses a hardware control file and an optional widgets file.
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Quisk comes with a variety of hardware control files for different radios, but
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you can also write your own custom hardware file. You can create a custom
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quisk_widgets.py file to add custom controls to the Quisk screen. I use custom
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files for both. See the n2adr directory for a rather complicated example.
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See docs.html for details.
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</p>
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<p>
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There are three sources of configuration settings. When Quisk starts, it
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first imports default configuration information from the file
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quisk_conf_defaults.py. Then it reads your configuration file from either the standard
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location, or a custom location given by the command line "-c" option. Your
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configuration file should not be a copy of quisk_conf_defaults.py. It should be
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a small file with only the items that are different. The use of a configuration file is optional.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk then reads the settings you have made on the configuration screens. Most settings are
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available here, so a configuration file will not be necessary for most users. To reach the
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configuration screens, press the Config button; or for the small screen layout, the screen
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selection master button followed by the Config button. The configuration screens are on the right side
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and are called "radios" because you can save different settings for different radios. There
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is a separate help screen describing the radio screens.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.3">QUISK Screens</h3>
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<p>
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Quisk can run with either the "Large screen" or "Small screen" layout. The large screen layout
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is meant for PC screens, and all buttons are shown in four rows. The small screen layout is
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meant for small touch screen devices, for those with sight impairment, or for those who run Quisk at
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a small screen size. Most buttons are shown, but the band selection buttons, the mode buttons and the
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screen selection buttons are hidden behind three master buttons on the left. Pressing one of the
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master buttons pops up a row of choices.
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</p>
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<p>
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The screen area can show a frequency graph, a waterfall display, an oscilloscope, the configuration
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screens, a graph of the receive filter in use or this Help screen. The screen selection buttons are shown
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when you use the large screen layout. Remember to press the master button the see the screen choices if you use the
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small screen layout.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Graph screen shows a frequency graph of received signals.
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Use the scale "Ys" and zero "Yz" controls to adjust the graph scale.
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You should see a noise trace that changes
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randomly. Then press "Test 1". This generates a test
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signal at 10 kHz, and you should see the spike on the graph. To tune
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to that signal, click the mouse on the graph near the spike. Hold the
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mouse button down and drag the red tuning line back and forth across
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the test signal. You should head a pure audio tone in your speakers.
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Use the "Vol" (Volume) slider on the left to change the volume.
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</p>
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<p>If you press Graph again, you will activate the peak hold functions
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labeled "GraphP1" and "GraphP2". These will cause the graph to
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follow the peak signal, and decay back down at a slow rate. You can
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configure the time constants. Some buttons, like the Graph button, can be pressed
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repeatedly to select different settings. These buttons have a circular arrow on the right.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Waterfall shows a time history of the amplitude of received signals.
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You will need to adjust "Ys" (Y scale) and "Yz" (Y zero) to get a
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colored display. Press "Test 1" to turn the test signal
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on and off. Watch it appear and disappear from the waterfall.
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The top of the waterfall shows a small graph screen. You can grab the
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bar between the screens with your mouse and move it up and down to
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adjust the relative sizes.
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To adjust the scale and zero of this graph, hold down the Shift key while
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using the "Ys" and "Yz" sliders.
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</p>
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<p>
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The oscilloscope and RX Filter screens are mostly used for debugging.
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The Config screen shows a number of sub-screens that display status,
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and provide for control of Quisk parameters. See below.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.3">QUISK Controls</h3>
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<p>
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Below the screen area there are one or two slider controls to the left that
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control the radio sound volume, and optionally the CW sidetone volume.
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Side tone only appears if you configure Quisk to operate as a CW transceiver, and you provide a key signal.
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The four sliders to the right control RIT,
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the graph and waterfall scale and zero points, and the zoom feature.
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The Rit slider controls receiver incremental tuning, and is active when the RIT button is down.
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It adds a small offset to the receive frequency. Leave RIT off for SSB unless
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a station is off frequency a bit; then use RIT to tune him in while leaving
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your transmit frequency unchanged. When you select CW, the RIT
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must be turned on to provide an audio output, so Quisk automatically turns on RIT and sets it
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to plus or minus the configured CW tone frequency. The audio side tone (if a hardware key
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line is used) is set to the same. Just click CWL or CWU, tune the
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frequency by clicking exactly on the signal, and everything will work.
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The Ys and Yz sliders control the scale and zero of
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the screen in view. For the Graph screen and the Rx Filter screen
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they control the scale and zero of the Y axis. For the Waterfall
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screen they control the Waterfall color scale; and if the Shift key is
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down, they control the upper graph Y axis. For the Scope screen
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the Ys slider controls the Y axis scale, and the Yz slider does
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nothing. The sliders have no effect on other screens.
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The Zo (zoom) slider expands the frequency scale (X axis) of the Graph
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and Waterfall screens so that narrow signals can be examined.
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Quisk operates normally when this slider is all the way down. As
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it is raised, the frequency is expanded around the tuning
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frequency. That is, the tuning frequency is moved to the center,
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and the frequency scale is expanded. It is still possible to tune
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Quisk as usual while this control is in use.
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</p>
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<p>
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The frequency display always displays the transmit frequency. This is the frequency shown
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by the red tuning line on the Graph and Waterfall screens. This equals the receive
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frequency unless Split is used (see below).
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You can change the transmit frequency by clicking
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the top or bottom of the digits, or by rolling the mouse wheel over the digit.
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The frequency display window will turn red to indicate sample capture overrun (ADC clipping).
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The large screen layout has a frequency entry window. Enter a frequency in Hertz without a decimal point, or megahertz with one.
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The up and down pointing arrows move the frequency up and down the band without changing the tuning. You can
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right or left click them, or hold them down with the mouse to keep moving.
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</p>
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<p>
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The S-meter displays the signal strength in S units and in dB. Zero dB is
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clipping, the same as on the graph screen. The S-meter uses the specified
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filter bandwidth to choose the exact number of FFT bins to square and average.
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That is, it displays true RMS based on the FFT bins, not on the post-filter audio. Note
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that for a noise floor on the graph of -110 dB the S-meter will read -93 dB (depending
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on some details). That is
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because the bandwidth specified is much greater than the FFT bin width, and more
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noise is getting through. Find a flat noise frequency, change the filter bandwidth,
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and watch your S-meter measure the noise. The conversion from S-units to dB depends
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on your hardware. There are 6 dB per S-unit, and you can adjust to 50 microvolts for S9.
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If the correction depends on the band, you can make a band-dependent
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correction in your hardware file.
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The S-meter window has a button to the
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right to select what is shown; the S-meter, the frequency measurement or the RMS audio voltage.
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Quisk can measure and display the frequency of a continuous tone RF
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signal. To use this feature, press the S-meter button, and
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select one of the Frequency items. The numbers are the averaging
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times in seconds. Then find a signal of interest and put the
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tuning line exactly on it. Quisk will search 500 Hertz up and
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down from the tuning line and will display the frequency of the largest
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signal. This feature works on AM signals
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and continuous signals from oscillators, etc. It does not work
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for SSB as there is no continuous signal. To calibrate your
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hardware, measure the carrier from WWV
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or other frequency standard, and change your clock rate until the
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indicated frequency is correct.
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Quisk can display the RMS audio voltage. This is used for noise measurements.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.3">QUISK Control Buttons</h3>
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<p>
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The Quisk buttons are the usual buttons you see on any radio. Some buttons have a cycle symbol
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or a cycle button marked ↷ that means the button can cycle through a list of values. Some buttons have
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a secondary button that can pop up a menu or a slider to make adjustments.
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</p>
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<p>
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Mode: The mode buttons select CW, USB, AM, FM etc. This is a master button in the small screen layout.
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The special mode IMD generates a two-tone test signal for transmitter testing. The "DGT" modes are
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for external digital mode programs such as fldigi. See below.
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<br><br>
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Band: The band buttons select the band 40 meters, 20 meters etc. The bands shown can be configured.
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This is a master button in the small screen layout.
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<br><br>
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Screen: The screen button selects the screen that is shown. See above.
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This is a master button in the small screen layout.
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<br><br>
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Filters: The filter buttons select the bandwidth of the receive filters, 2700 Hertz, 6000 Hertz etc.
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The last filter button has an adjustable bandwidth.
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<br><br>
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Band Up/Down: The up and down arrow buttons move up and down the band without changing the tuning frequency.
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<br><br>
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Mute: Mute (zero) the receive audio volume.
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<br><br>
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AGC: Automatic gain control is active when this button is either up or down, but the settings are different.
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Adjust the AGC for both the up and down positions to control how much gain variation is allowed. When the
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slider is at maximum (all the way up), all signals, even band noise,
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will have the same maximum amplitude. For lower settings, loud
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signals will have the maximum amplitude, but weaker signals will have
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less amplitude. A medium setting allows you to hear the relative
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amplitude of signals and any QSB while still protecting your
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ears. I set the AGC On setting to a high value, and the AGC Off
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setting to a lower value that allows band noise to be faintly heard.
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<br><br>
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Squelch: This turns off the audio when there are no signals in the pass band. For FM, adjust the level
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on an empty channel. For SSB the adjustment for band noise is automatic, so start with a setting of 0.200.
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<br><br>
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NB: The noise blanker has several levels.
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<br><br>
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Notch: An automatic notch feature that can null out one or two continuous signals, such
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as AM carriers that interfere with SSB reception.
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<br><br>
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RfGain: The Rf gain control if your hardware supports this.
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<br><br>
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Antenna: Antenna selection if your hardware supports this.
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<br><br>
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Spot: This transmits a constant CW signal for tuning. The level is adjustable. You might also need to press PTT
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or assert your key line depending on your hardware.
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<br><br>
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Split: This splits the receive and transmit frequencies so they can be different. Two tuning lines
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will appear; red for the transmit frequency and green for the receive frequency. This is useful for
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working a DX station split. When you tune with the mouse, the closest tuning line is moved.
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You can lock the transmit frequency. You can reverse the receive and transmit frequencies.
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You can decode audio from both frequencies and play them on the left and right speakers.
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<br><br>
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FDX: Full duplex allows you to transmit and receive at the same time if your hardware allows this.
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<br><br>
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PTT: Push to talk; start transmitting.
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<br><br>
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VOX: Voice operated relay; turn on PTT when you speak into the microphone.
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<br><br>
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Test 1: Generate a test signal 10 kHz above the screen center frequency.
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<br><br>
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Memory buttons:
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Quisk can remember and return to stations. When you have tuned in
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a signal of interest, press the "Save" button Ⓜ↑ to save the frequency,
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band and mode. Repeat for more
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signals. Now press "Next" Ⓜ ➲,
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to switch to the next saved signal, and press "Next" repeatedly to
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cycle through the list. To delete a saved signal, first tune to
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it with "Next" and then press "Delete" Ⓜ ☓ . If you save a large
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number of signals, right click the "Next" button Ⓜ ➲, and you will get a
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popup menu so you can jump directly to a station. The saved
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stations will appear in the station window below the frequency X axis.
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The saved stations can be on different bands.
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<br><br>
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Favorites button:
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Quisk can save a list of favorite stations. Press
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Config/Favorites to access the screen, and right-click the left label
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to insert and delete stations, and to tune to them. The two
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favorites buttons provide direct access to this screen. The
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★ ↑ button enters the current station into the screen; just
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provide a name. The ★ ↓ button jumps to the screen;
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right click the left label and choose "Tune to". Favorite
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stations will appear in the station window with a Star symbol ★ .
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.4">Recording Sound and Samples</h3>
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<p>
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There are Record and Playback buttons to save and recall radio sound from a temporary buffer. Push
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Record to start recording radio sound. The maximum time to record
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can be configured, and after this limit
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older sound is discarded. That is, the most recent sound is
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retained up to some maximum time. Push Playback to play the sound. If you are
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transmitting, the recorded sound is transmitted in place of mic
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input. This sound is not speech processed, so it can be used to
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give another station an accurate indication of how they sound.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk can also record the speaker audio, mic audio and the digital I/Q samples to WAV
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files. Set the file names in the Config/Config screen. Enable the recording by checking
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the box. Then Press
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the "FileRecord" button to begin recording, and release it to stop.
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If you press it again, it starts a new recording to replace the
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previous one. The speaker and mic audio are stored as 16-bit monophonic
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samples at the audio play rate.
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Both the audio play and mic rates should be 48 ksps.
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The digital I/Q samples are stored as two
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IEEE floating point samples at the sample rate.
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It is possible to record all three sources at once, but this is not usually useful.
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Normally you would record the mic to create a CQ message such as "CQ contest this is N2ADR".
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You would record speaker audio to create a record of operations to review at a later time.
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You would record IQ samples so you could record a slice of the band to tune in different
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stations later.
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Note that a WAV file has a maximum size of 4 gigabytes, but Quisk can record and play
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files with an unlimited size.
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</p>
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<p>
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Quisk can play the files it created, as well as other WAV files in the proper format.
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Choose the file name of the source on the Config/Config screen, and check the box.
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Then press "FilePlay" to begin playing and release it to stop.
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Playing a file replaces the usual samples with the file samples, so it is necessary to
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have working sound sources at the same sample rates as the recording.
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Playing an audio file just plays the file on the speakers. When the file is finished,
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normal speaker audio resumes. Playing a CQ message is similar, but will press the PTT button
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as it plays. You can specify a repeat time to keep repeating the message. When a station
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answers, press FilePlay or PTT to stop the message so you can answer.
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</p>
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<p>
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To play an IQ sample file, first make sure the sample rate and VFO frequency are the same as
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the recording. This will ensure the frequency readout is correct. It is a good idea to name files
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with this information, such as "IQ192k7100.wav" for a file recorded at 192 ksps and a VFO (center)
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frequency of 7100 kHz. Then press "FilePlay". The band samples will be replaced with the file samples,
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and you will be able to tune around in the band and receive different stations. Do not press band up/down
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as that will change the band center (VFO).
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.4">Tuning in Stations</h3>
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<p>
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First select CW, USB etc. with the mode buttons. This is a master button on the small screen layout.
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On the Graph or Waterfall screens, you tune in a CW signal by left-clicking
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above the X axis directly on the signal. You tune in an SSB signal by clicking on the upper edge
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(lower sideband) or the lower edge (upper sideband). That is, you always click
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where the carrier goes. You can also click, hold down the
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mouse button and drag the tuning line. The speed of tuning is lowest
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close to the X axis, and increases as you move up. Try it.
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If you hold the Shift key down when you click, the Rx filter will be centered at the frequency.
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In this case, you would click in the center of an SSB signal.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you click below the X axis, tuning will not jump to that frequency, but
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you can still hold the button and drag. That is useful for small
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adjustments. The mouse wheel will move the frequency up and down and round the
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frequency to multiples of 50 Hertz.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you right-click a signal, Quisk tunes to the signal as before, and also
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changes the VFO to move the
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signal to the center of the screen.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.6">Station Window and Dx Cluster </h3>
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<p>
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There is a station window below the frequency axis (X axis) to display
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stations of interest. This feature was added by Christof,
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DJ4CM. It consists of zero or more lines containing an M-Circle
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symbol Ⓜ for memory stations, a Star symbol ★ for
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favorite stations and a Dx symbol for Dx Cluster stations.
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The default number of lines is one, but you can add more
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lines if the display becomes too crowded. If you move your mouse
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near the marked frequency, a popup window will appear with station
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details. Left-click the symbol to tune to it.
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There are Dx Cluster telnet servers available that provide real time
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information on Dx station activity. You must configure the host name, the port
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and your call sign to use this feature.
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This feature will run continuously unless the host is the
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null string. The Dx stations will appear in the station window as
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they become available from the server.
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</p>
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<h3 id="g0.0.9">Configuration Screens </h3>
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The Configuration screen shows a group of sub-screens that give status information,
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and that adjust various Quisk control parameters.
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The Status screen shows Quisk status information. The Sound screen gives the name of
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the sound cards detected.
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The Favorites screen allows you to enter frequencies and modes for
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stations, nets, etc. To add a line, right-click the left label
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and select Insert or Append. To tune to a station, select
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Tune.
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<p>
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The Config screen can pop up an
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amplitude and phase correction window for SoftRock and similar receivers.
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If you use the sound card for input, you may need to correct for small errors
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in the I and Q amplitude and phase. First change to the correct band, because
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corrections are saved for each band. Press the button on the config
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screen to bring up a correction screen. Then feed a test signal to your hardware
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(or use a strong available signal) and look at the signal image. Adjust the
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slider controls to reduce the image. The upper slider is the fine adjustment,
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and the lower is the coarse. You will need to adjust both amplitude and phase
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|
as they will interact. The amount of available adjustment range
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can be configured. When
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you have a final correction, it is a good idea to write it down.
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The correction point is saved based on the VFO frequency, and you will
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probably need two or three correction points per band.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Tx Audio screen controls the transmit audio, and
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enables you to record and play it back for test purposes.
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To have good transmit audio, you must start start with a clean
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audio source. You can plug in a USB mic or headset as a
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source. Or you can connect an analog mic to the mic input of your
|
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sound card. Or you can connect your mic to a preamp, and then to
|
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the line input of your sound card. The mic should be directly in
|
|
front of your mouth when you speak. Try to avoid headsets that
|
|
cause you to speak across the mic. The idea is to make your voice
|
|
as loud as possible relative to the background noise in your shack.
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|
|
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</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
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You need to adjust the mic sound level as high as possible, but without
|
|
too much clipping. Speak normally and try to get a level a few dB below
|
|
zero (clipping). The peak level should be at least -20 dB, and
|
|
preferably above -10 dB. Infrequent clipping (above 0 dB) is OK,
|
|
because Quisk will clip the audio anyway when it processes it. It
|
|
may be difficult to figure out how to adjust the mic level. For
|
|
Linux, figure out the correct control number and use mixer_settings
|
|
or use one of the Linux mixer apps.
|
|
For Windows, use the level
|
|
control on the audio control screen in Control Panel, but be careful
|
|
that another application does not change it after you set it for
|
|
Quisk. Quisk will attempt to adjust the audio level with its AGC,
|
|
but it helps to start with a good level.
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|
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Refer to the "Tx Audio" tab. Clip is the amount of audio clipping
|
|
from zero to 20 dB. There is actually some clipping at zero dB
|
|
due to the mic AGC. Preemphasis boosts the high frequencies in
|
|
your voice. Zero is no boost, and 1.0 is 6 dB per octave.
|
|
Use the record and playback buttons to test for the best control
|
|
settings. Notice that your voice will become louder with more
|
|
clipping. Note that SSB, AM, FM and FDV each have their own settings,
|
|
so change to the correct mode before you start. Audio processing
|
|
is most useful for SSB, so if you are a DX enthusiast, use aggressive
|
|
settings. I only use AM for rag chewing, so I use zero
|
|
preemphasis and 4 dB clipping. For FM, I use zero clipping and
|
|
preemphasis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="g0.0.11">Digital Modes DGT-* </h3>
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|
|
|
<p>
|
|
These modes are used for digital signals, and require an external
|
|
program such as Fldigi or wsjtx to decode the signals. First, connect your digital program
|
|
to quisk using Hamlib or XML-RPC so that frequency changes are recognized.
|
|
See "Hamlib Control" below. Next you need a way to transfer digital samples between
|
|
the programs. For Windows, install a Virtual Audio Cable (VAC) and connect Quisk to one end and the
|
|
digital program to the other. For Linux, Quisk can create a VAC itself by using PulseAudio.
|
|
On the Quisk radio "Sound" configuration screen, set Digital Input to
|
|
pulse:QuiskDigitalInput.monitor, and set Digital Output to pulse:QuiskDigitalOutput.
|
|
These names should be on the drop down list. If they are missing, restart Quisk.
|
|
In your digital program, connect the digital
|
|
input to QuiskDigitalOutput.monitor and the digital output to QuiskDigitalInput.
|
|
Quisk will then send a slice of the receive spectrum to the digital program. The
|
|
center frequency is 1500 Hertz. Set that frequency in your digital program for transmit.
|
|
See the <a href="docs.html">documentation</a> for more information.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="g0.0.12">Hamlib Control </h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Most digital and logging programs use Hamlib to control
|
|
a rig so that frequency changes in one program are recognized in the other.
|
|
Quisk has three options for external control. See the Config/radio/Remote screen.
|
|
To connect an external program to Quisk using Hamlib, configure your program to use "Hamlib NET rigctl" (rig 2).
|
|
Then go to the Quisk "Remote" config screen for your radio and set
|
|
"IP port for Hamlib" to 4532. This assumes you are not using the rigctld daemon program. If you are,
|
|
set the Quisk port to 4575 and tell rigctld to control quisk on port 4575.
|
|
You can also control Quisk from another program by using the XML-RPC method if this is available
|
|
in your program. Fldigi can use this method. If your program only uses a serial port (N1MM+) then
|
|
use Hamlib with the rig set to "Flex" and connect to the Quisk serial port set on the Remote screen.
|
|
For Linux, Quisk can set up these ports itself, and they have names like "/tmp/QuiskTTY0". On Windows
|
|
you need a "Virtual Serial Port" that is set up by an external program. This is like the "Virtual Audio Cable"
|
|
needed for samples. An Internet search will turn up HDD Software, Eltima Software and many others. Set up a port pair,
|
|
and enter one name on the Quisk Remote screen, and the other name in the external program.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3 id="g0.0.13">Multiple Receivers </h3>
|
|
|
|
Quisk can tune in two frequencies in the same band by using the "Split" button.
|
|
This is meant for working DX split, but it can be used anywhere in the band.
|
|
But if you want to receive in two different bands at once, you need SDR hardware that
|
|
can support multiple sub-receivers. The Hermes-Lite and other Hermes hardware can do this.
|
|
Press the "Add Rx" button to add additional receivers. You will get multiple receiver
|
|
screens with their own control buttons and menus. The main buttons in Quisk still control
|
|
the main receiver and transmitter. The menu button on the "Add Rx" button controls where
|
|
the sub-receiver sound goes. When a sub-receiver "Play" button is pressed, you can play the sound
|
|
alone, or together with the main receiver sound. There is an additional device on the sound screen
|
|
that can direct the sound from sub-receiver 1 to an external digital program.
|
|
There is a limit to how many sub-receivers your hardware can support. Quisk does not know this
|
|
limit, so please do not request more sub-receivers than actually exist.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>Have fun with Quisk.</h4>
|
|
</body>
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</html>
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