Partially fixes <https://bugs.gnu.org/45896>.
* guix/config.scm.in (%channel-metadata): New variable.
* guix/describe.scm (channel-metadata): Use it.
(current-channels): New procedure.
(current-profile-entries): Clarify docstring.
* guix/self.scm (compiled-guix): Add #:channel-metadata and pass it to
'make-config.scm'.
(make-config.scm): Add #:channel-metadata and define '%channel-metadata'
in the generated file.
(guix-derivation): Add #:channel-metadata and pass it to 'compiled-guix'.
* guix/channels.scm (build-from-source): Replace 'name', 'source', and
'commit' parameters with 'instance'. Pass #:channel-metadata to BUILD.
(build-channel-instance): Adjust accordingly.
* build-aux/build-self.scm (build-program): Add #:channel-metadata
and pass it to 'guix-derivation'.
(build): Add #:channel-metadata and pass it to 'build-program'.
* guix/scripts/describe.scm (display-profile-info): Add optional
'channels' parameter. Pass it to 'display-profile-content'.
(display-profile-content): Add optional 'channels' parameter and honor
it. Iterate on CHANNELS rather than on the manifest entries of
PROFILE.
(guix-describe): When PROFILE is #f, call 'current-channels' and pass it
to 'display-profile-info', unless it returns the empty list.