guix-play/guix/build/gremlin.scm

;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2015, 2018, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix build gremlin)
  #:use-module (guix elf)
  #:use-module ((guix build utils) #:select (store-file-name?))
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-34)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-35)
  #:use-module (system foreign)
  #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
  #:use-module (rnrs io ports)
  #:export (elf-error?
            elf-error-elf
            invalid-segment-size?
            invalid-segment-size-segment

            elf-dynamic-info
            elf-dynamic-info?
            elf-dynamic-info-soname
            elf-dynamic-info-needed
            elf-dynamic-info-rpath
            elf-dynamic-info-runpath
            expand-origin

            file-dynamic-info
            file-runpath
            file-needed
            file-needed/recursive

            missing-runpath-error?
            missing-runpath-error-file
            runpath-too-long-error?
            runpath-too-long-error-file
            set-file-runpath

            validate-needed-in-runpath
            strip-runpath))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; A gremlin is sort-of like an elf, you know, and this module provides tools
;;; to deal with dynamic-link information from ELF files.
;;;
;;; Code:

(define-condition-type &elf-error &error
  elf-error?
  (elf elf-error-elf))

(define-condition-type &invalid-segment-size &elf-error
  invalid-segment-size?
  (segment invalid-segment-size-segment))


(define (dynamic-link-segment elf)
  "Return the 'PT_DYNAMIC' segment of ELF--i.e., the segment that contains
dynamic linking information."
  (let ((size (bytevector-length (elf-bytes elf))))
    (find (lambda (segment)
            (unless (<= (+ (elf-segment-offset segment)
                           (elf-segment-filesz segment))
                        size)
              ;; This happens on separate debug output files created by
              ;; 'strip --only-keep-debug' (Binutils 2.25.)
              (raise (condition (&invalid-segment-size
                                 (elf elf)
                                 (segment segment)))))

            (= (elf-segment-type segment) PT_DYNAMIC))
          (elf-segments elf))))

(define (word-reader size byte-order)
  "Return a procedure to read a word of SIZE bytes according to BYTE-ORDER."
  (case size
    ((8)
     (lambda (bv index)
       (bytevector-u64-ref bv index byte-order)))
    ((4)
     (lambda (bv index)
       (bytevector-u32-ref bv index byte-order)))))


;; Dynamic entry:
;;
;; typedef struct
;; {
;;   Elf64_Sxword       d_tag;   /* Dynamic entry type */
;;   union
;;     {
;;       Elf64_Xword d_val;      /* Integer value */
;;       Elf64_Addr d_ptr;       /* Address value */
;;     } d_un;
;; } Elf64_Dyn;

(define-record-type <dynamic-entry>
  (dynamic-entry type value offset)
  dynamic-entry?
  (type   dynamic-entry-type)                     ;DT_*
  (value  dynamic-entry-value)                    ;string | number | ...
  (offset dynamic-entry-offset))                  ;integer

(define (raw-dynamic-entries elf segment)
  "Return as a list of <dynamic-entry> for the dynamic entries found in
SEGMENT, the 'PT_DYNAMIC' segment of ELF."
  (define start
    (elf-segment-offset segment))
  (define bytes
    (elf-bytes elf))
  (define word-size
    (elf-word-size elf))
  (define byte-order
    (elf-byte-order elf))
  (define read-word
    (word-reader word-size byte-order))

  (let loop ((offset 0)
             (result '()))
    (if (>= offset (elf-segment-memsz segment))
        (reverse result)
        (let ((type  (read-word bytes (+ start offset)))
              (value (read-word bytes (+ start offset word-size))))
          (if (= type DT_NULL)                    ;finished?
              (reverse result)
              (loop (+ offset (* 2 word-size))
                    (cons (dynamic-entry type value
                                         (+ start offset word-size))
                          result)))))))

(define (vma->offset elf vma)
  "Convert VMA, a virtual memory address, to an offset within ELF.

Do that by looking at the loadable program segment (PT_LOAD) of ELF that
contains VMA and by taking into account that segment's virtual address and
offset."
  ;; See 'offset_from_vma' in Binutils.
  (define loads
    (filter (lambda (segment)
              (= (elf-segment-type segment) PT_LOAD))
            (elf-segments elf)))

  (let ((load (find (lambda (segment)
                      (let ((vaddr (elf-segment-vaddr segment)))
                        (and (>= vma vaddr)
                             (< vma (+ (elf-segment-memsz segment)
                                       vaddr)))))
                    loads)))
    (+ (- vma (elf-segment-vaddr load))
       (elf-segment-offset load))))

(define (dynamic-entries elf segment)
  "Return all the dynamic entries found in SEGMENT, the 'PT_DYNAMIC' segment
of ELF, as a list of <dynamic-entry>.  The value of each entry may be a string
or an integer depending on the entry type (for instance, the value of
DT_NEEDED entries is a string.)  Likewise the offset is the offset within the
string table if the type is a string."
  (define entries
    (raw-dynamic-entries elf segment))

  (define string-table-offset
    (any (lambda (entry)
           (and (= (dynamic-entry-type entry) DT_STRTAB)
                (dynamic-entry-value entry)))
         entries))

  (define (interpret-dynamic-entry entry)
    (let ((type  (dynamic-entry-type entry))
          (value (dynamic-entry-value entry)))
      (cond ((memv type (list DT_NEEDED DT_SONAME DT_RPATH DT_RUNPATH))
             (if string-table-offset
                 (let* ((offset (vma->offset elf (+ string-table-offset value)))
                        (value  (pointer->string
                                 (bytevector->pointer (elf-bytes elf) offset))))
                   (dynamic-entry type value offset))
                 (dynamic-entry type value (dynamic-entry-offset entry))))
            (else
             (dynamic-entry type value (dynamic-entry-offset entry))))))

  (map interpret-dynamic-entry entries))


;;;
;;; High-level interface.
;;;

(define-record-type <elf-dynamic-info>
  (%elf-dynamic-info soname needed rpath runpath)
  elf-dynamic-info?
  (soname    elf-dynamic-info-soname)
  (needed    elf-dynamic-info-needed)
  (rpath     elf-dynamic-info-rpath)
  (runpath   elf-dynamic-info-runpath))

(define search-path->list
  (let ((not-colon (char-set-complement (char-set #\:))))
    (lambda (str)
      "Split STR on ':' characters."
      (string-tokenize str not-colon))))

(define (elf-dynamic-info elf)
  "Return dynamic-link information for ELF as an <elf-dynamic-info> object, or
#f if ELF lacks dynamic-link information."
  (define (matching-entry type)
    (lambda (entry)
      (= type (dynamic-entry-type entry))))

  (match (dynamic-link-segment elf)
    (#f #f)
    ((? elf-segment? dynamic)
     (let ((entries (dynamic-entries elf dynamic)))
       (%elf-dynamic-info (and=> (find (matching-entry DT_SONAME)
                                       entries)
                                 dynamic-entry-value)
                          (filter-map (lambda (entry)
                                        (and (= (dynamic-entry-type entry)
                                                DT_NEEDED)
                                             (dynamic-entry-value entry)))
                                      entries)
                          (or (and=> (find (matching-entry DT_RPATH)
                                           entries)
                                     (compose search-path->list
                                              dynamic-entry-value))
                              '())
                          (or (and=> (find (matching-entry DT_RUNPATH)
                                           entries)
                                     (compose search-path->list
                                              dynamic-entry-value))
                              '()))))))

(define (file-dynamic-info file)
  "Return the <elf-dynamic-info> record of FILE, or #f if FILE lacks dynamic
info."
  (call-with-input-file file
    (lambda (port)
      (elf-dynamic-info (parse-elf (get-bytevector-all port))))))

(define (file-runpath file)
  "Return the DT_RUNPATH dynamic entry of FILE as a list of strings, or #f if
FILE lacks dynamic info."
  (and=> (file-dynamic-info file) elf-dynamic-info-runpath))

(define (file-needed file)
  "Return the list of DT_NEEDED dynamic entries of FILE, or #f if FILE lacks
dynamic info."
  (and=> (file-dynamic-info file) elf-dynamic-info-needed))

(define (file-needed/recursive file)
  "Return two values: the list of absolute .so file names FILE depends on,
recursively, and the list of .so file names that could not be found.  File
names are resolved by searching the RUNPATH of the file that NEEDs them.

This is similar to the info returned by the 'ldd' command."
  (let loop ((files  (list file))
             (result '())
             (not-found '()))
    (match files
      (()
       (values (reverse result)
               (reverse (delete-duplicates not-found))))
      ((file . rest)
       (match (file-dynamic-info file)
         (#f
          (loop rest result not-found))
         (info
          (let ((runpath (elf-dynamic-info-runpath info))
                (needed  (elf-dynamic-info-needed info)))
            (if (and runpath needed)
                (let* ((runpath  (map (cute expand-origin <> (dirname file))
                                      runpath))
                       (resolved (map (cut search-path runpath <>)
                                      needed))
                       (failed   (filter-map (lambda (needed resolved)
                                               (and (not resolved)
                                                    (not (libc-library? needed))
                                                    needed))
                                             needed resolved))
                       (needed   (remove (lambda (value)
                                           (or (not value)
                                               ;; XXX: quadratic
                                               (member value result)))
                                         resolved)))
                  (loop (append rest needed)
                        (append needed result)
                        (append failed not-found)))
                (loop rest result not-found)))))))))

(define %libc-libraries
  ;; List of libraries as of glibc 2.21 (there are more but those are
  ;; typically mean to be LD_PRELOADed and thus do not appear as NEEDED.)
  '("libanl.so"
    "libcrypt.so"
    "libc.so"
    "libdl.so"
    "libm.so"
    "libnsl.so"                                   ;NEEDED by nscd
    "libpthread.so"
    "libresolv.so"
    "librt.so"
    "libutil.so"))

(define (libc-library? lib)
  "Return #t if LIB is one of the libraries shipped with the GNU C Library."
  (find (lambda (libc-lib)
          (string-prefix? libc-lib lib))
        %libc-libraries))

(define (expand-variable str variable value)
  "Replace occurrences of '$VARIABLE' or '${VARIABLE}' in STR with VALUE."
  (define variables
    (list (string-append "$" variable)
          (string-append "${" variable "}")))

  (let loop ((thing variables)
             (str   str))
    (match thing
      (()
       str)
      ((head tail ...)
       (let ((index (string-contains str head))
             (len   (string-length head)))
         (loop (if index variables tail)
               (if index
                   (string-replace str value
                                   index (+ index len))
                   str)))))))

(define (expand-origin str directory)
  "Replace occurrences of '$ORIGIN' in STR with DIRECTORY."
  (expand-variable str "ORIGIN" directory))

(define* (validate-needed-in-runpath file
                                     #:key (always-found? libc-library?))
  "Return #t if all the libraries listed as FILE's 'DT_NEEDED' entries are
present in its RUNPATH, or if FILE lacks dynamic-link information.  Return #f
otherwise.  Libraries whose name matches ALWAYS-FOUND? are considered to be
always available."
  (guard (c ((invalid-segment-size? c)
             (let ((segment (invalid-segment-size-segment c)))
               (format (current-error-port)
                       "~a: error: offset + size of segment ~a (type ~a) \
exceeds total size~%"
                       file
                       (elf-segment-index segment)
                       (elf-segment-type segment))
               #f)))

    (let* ((elf     (call-with-input-file file
                      (compose parse-elf get-bytevector-all)))
           (expand  (cute expand-origin <> (dirname file)))
           (dyninfo (elf-dynamic-info elf)))
      (when dyninfo
        ;; XXX: In theory we should also expand $PLATFORM and $LIB, but these
        ;; appear to be really unused.
        (let* ((expanded  (map expand (elf-dynamic-info-runpath dyninfo)))
               (runpath   (filter store-file-name? expanded))
               (bogus     (remove store-file-name? expanded))
               (needed    (remove always-found?
                                  (elf-dynamic-info-needed dyninfo)))
               (not-found (remove (cut search-path runpath <>)
                                  needed)))
          (unless (null? bogus)
            (format (current-error-port)
                    "~a: warning: RUNPATH contains bogus entries: ~s~%"
                    file bogus))

          (for-each (lambda (lib)
                      (format (current-error-port)
                              "~a: error: depends on '~a', which cannot \
be found in RUNPATH ~s~%"
                              file lib runpath))
                    not-found)
          ;; (when (null? not-found)
          ;;   (format (current-error-port) "~a is OK~%" file))
          (null? not-found))))))

(define (strip-runpath file)
  "Remove from the DT_RUNPATH of FILE any entries that are not necessary
according to DT_NEEDED."
  (define (minimal-runpath needed runpath)
    (filter (lambda (directory)
              (and (string-prefix? "/" directory)
                   (any (lambda (lib)
                          (file-exists? (string-append directory "/" lib)))
                        needed)))
            runpath))

  (define port
    (open-file file "r+b"))

  (catch #t
    (lambda ()
      (let* ((elf      (parse-elf (get-bytevector-all port)))
             (entries  (dynamic-entries elf (dynamic-link-segment elf)))
             (needed   (filter-map (lambda (entry)
                                     (and (= (dynamic-entry-type entry)
                                             DT_NEEDED)
                                          (dynamic-entry-value entry)))
                                   entries))
             (runpath  (find (lambda (entry)
                               (= DT_RUNPATH (dynamic-entry-type entry)))
                             entries))
             (old      (search-path->list
                        (dynamic-entry-value runpath)))
             (new      (minimal-runpath needed old)))
        (unless (equal? old new)
          (format (current-error-port)
                  "~a: stripping RUNPATH to ~s (removed ~s)~%"
                  file new
                  (lset-difference string=? old new))
          (seek port (dynamic-entry-offset runpath) SEEK_SET)
          (put-bytevector port (string->utf8 (string-join new ":")))
          (put-u8 port 0))
        (close-port port)
        new))
    (lambda (key . args)
      (false-if-exception (close-port port))
      (apply throw key args))))


(define-condition-type &missing-runpath-error &elf-error
  missing-runpath-error?
  (file      missing-runpath-error-file))

(define-condition-type &runpath-too-long-error &elf-error
  runpath-too-long-error?
  (file      runpath-too-long-error-file))

(define (set-file-runpath file path)
  "Set the value of the DT_RUNPATH dynamic entry of FILE, which must name an
ELF file, to PATH, a list of strings.  Raise a &missing-runpath-error or
&runpath-too-long-error when appropriate."
  (define (call-with-input+output-file file proc)
    (let ((port (open-file file "r+b")))
      (guard (c (#t (close-port port) (raise c)))
        (proc port)
        (close-port port))))

  (call-with-input+output-file file
    (lambda (port)
      (let* ((elf     (parse-elf (get-bytevector-all port)))
             (entries (dynamic-entries elf (dynamic-link-segment elf)))
             (runpath (find (lambda (entry)
                              (= DT_RUNPATH (dynamic-entry-type entry)))
                            entries))
             (path    (string->utf8 (string-join path ":"))))
        (unless runpath
          (raise (condition (&missing-runpath-error (elf elf)
                                                    (file file)))))

        ;; There might be padding left beyond RUNPATH in the string table, but
        ;; we don't know, so assume there's no padding.
        (unless (<= (bytevector-length path)
                    (bytevector-length
                     (string->utf8 (dynamic-entry-value runpath))))
          (raise (condition (&runpath-too-long-error (elf #f #;elf)
                                                     (file file)))))

        (seek port (dynamic-entry-offset runpath) SEEK_SET)
        (put-bytevector port path)
        (put-u8 port 0)))))

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;;; End: