Fix quotes on old posts
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ update.
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Multiple people had recommended Jekyll to me, and I had seen many others use it
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for their websites. Making a simple blog with it seemed simple, but extending
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it to handle a custom page for my music was a pain. It didn't help that I am far
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it to handle a custom page for my music was a pain. It didn’t help that I am far
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too lazy to learn about Ruby.
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The solution was ridiculously simple: a Makefile and some Python scripts. I had
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
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template: post
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title: nds-constrain't
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title: nds-constrain’t
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author: flewkey
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timestamp: 1594525504
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license: CC-BY
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Once upon a time, shutterbug2000 discovered nds-constrain't: a bug in Nintendo's
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NTR SSL library that allowed it's connections to be easily intercepted. This
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Once upon a time, shutterbug2000 discovered nds-constrain’t: a bug in Nintendo’s
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NTR SSL library that allowed it’s connections to be easily intercepted. This
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made it possible to connect to alternative online services without ROM patching.
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The bug itself is simple: the NDS SSL library does not care whether or not a
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@ -19,22 +19,22 @@ better written than mine. However, you are free to keep reading this one.
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**Update (2020-12-31):** I have corrected some mistakes in this post. There is
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also information at the bottom of this post regarding OpenSSL which is important
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to setting up nds-constrain't properly.
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to setting up nds-constrain’t properly.
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---
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### Getting the Wii client certificate
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As explained in the [official page](https://github.com/KaeruTeam/nds-constraint)
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for nds-constrain't, the Wii client certificate is signed by Nintendo and
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considered valid. Therefore, we can use it's key to sign whatever we want. You
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for nds-constrain’t, the Wii client certificate is signed by Nintendo and
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considered valid. Therefore, we can use it’s key to sign whatever we want. You
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_could_ grab it from a Wii, but it is much easier to download it from
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[Larsenv's page](https://larsenv.github.io/NintendoCerts/index.html). Choose the
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"Wii NWC Prod 1" key pair.
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[Larsenv’s page](https://larsenv.github.io/NintendoCerts/index.html). Choose the
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“Wii NWC Prod 1” key pair.
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### Converting it to a useable format
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The file is a PKCS12, and we can't do anything useful with it until we extract
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The file is a PKCS12, and we can’t do anything useful with it until we extract
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the certificate and the private key. Thankfully, this is pretty simple.
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openssl pkcs12 -in WII_NWC_1_CERT.p12 -passin pass:alpine -passout pass:alpine -out keys.txt
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@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ NGINX users need to create a file for the certificate chain as well.
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Once the SSL certificate is installed, you may run into issues connecting with
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your DS. This because your NDS only knows how to use SSLv3, with either the
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RC4-SHA or RC4-MD5 cipher set. Webservers don't support this by default, so this
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RC4-SHA or RC4-MD5 cipher set. Webservers don’t support this by default, so this
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requires special configuration.
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### NGINX configuration
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@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ Assuming that you have added your certificate chain and key, your DS should be
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able to connect. It is worth noting that most services for Nintendo consoles
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make liberal use of headers, and some headers (e.g. `http_x_gamecd`) contain
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underscores, which
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[shouldn't be in the header field](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.6).
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[shouldn’t be in the header field](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.6).
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You should also configure NGINX to pass request headers to your server if you
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haven't already.
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haven’t already.
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underscores_in_headers on;
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proxy_pass_request_headers on;
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@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ so:
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--with-openssl-opt=enable-ssl3 --with-openssl-opt=enable-ssl3-method \
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--with-openssl-opt=enable-weak-ssl-ciphers
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Run "make" and "sudo make install" like usual. Be sure that you run the version
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of NGINX in /usr/local for nds-constrain't. You might want to uninstall any
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Run “make” and “sudo make install” like usual. Be sure that you run the version
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of NGINX in /usr/local for nds-constrain’t. You might want to uninstall any
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existing versions of NGINX to avoid confusion.
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Gentoo users can add the "sslv3" and "weak-ssl-ciphers" USE flags to OpenSSL
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Gentoo users can add the “sslv3” and “weak-ssl-ciphers” USE flags to OpenSSL
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and rebuild it. Since there is no weak-ssl-ciphers USE flag at the time of
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writing, you might want to add my
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[flewkey-overlay](https://git.sdf.org/flewkey/flewkey-overlay) and unmask
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@ -172,21 +172,21 @@ OpenSSL like so:
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./config enable-ssl3 enable-ssl3-method enable-weak-ssl-ciphers
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After this, run "make" and "sudo make install". OpenSSL will install in
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/usr/local and /usr/local/ssl by default, so it shouldn't interfere with the
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After this, run “make” and “sudo make install”. OpenSSL will install in
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/usr/local and /usr/local/ssl by default, so it shouldn’t interfere with the
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version currently installed on your system. You will also need to make the
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OpenSSL configuration change made in the "Apache configuration"
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OpenSSL configuration change made in the “Apache configuration”
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Next, we need to actually configure Apache, specifying the location of OpenSSL
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like so:
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./configure --enable-ssl --with-ssl=/usr/local
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Run "make" and "sudo make install" like usual. Be sure that you use the version
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of Apache in /usr/local for nds-constrain't. You might want to uninstall any
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Run “make” and “sudo make install” like usual. Be sure that you use the version
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of Apache in /usr/local for nds-constrain’t. You might want to uninstall any
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existing versions of Apache to avoid confusion.
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Gentoo users can add the "sslv3" and "weak-ssl-ciphers" USE flags to OpenSSL
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Gentoo users can add the “sslv3” and “weak-ssl-ciphers” USE flags to OpenSSL
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and rebuild it. Since there is no weak-ssl-ciphers USE flag at the time of
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writing, you might want to add my
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[flewkey-overlay](https://git.sdf.org/flewkey/flewkey-overlay) and unmask
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@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ writing, you might want to add my
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### Contributions
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Thanks to [shutterbug2000](https://github.com/shutterbug2000) for discovering
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nds-constrain't, as well as [Lauren Kelly](https://muffinti.me/) and
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nds-constrain’t, as well as [Lauren Kelly](https://muffinti.me/) and
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[jaames](https://jamesdaniel.dev/) for their work on the official guide. These
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individuals have contributed a lot to the Nintendo and Flipnote Studio
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communities in general.
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@ -6,41 +6,41 @@ license: CC-BY
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When it comes to online services, many people look past simple solutions and
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jump to the large pieces of software and complicated solutions. One case of this
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which I see on a regular basis is git hosting, and I don't think that most
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which I see on a regular basis is git hosting, and I don’t think that most
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people understand how simple it is to host git repositories.
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Many people think that hosting git is hard because they believe that it's
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Many people think that hosting git is hard because they believe that it’s
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necessary to install and configure a code forge on their server. They will
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usually install GitLab, which is
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["robust"](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/operations/unicorn.html#unicorn-worker-killer)
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[“robust”](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/operations/unicorn.html#unicorn-worker-killer)
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and definitely not overkill for hosting a handful of personal repositories.
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There are also a few people who install less <del>gross</del> <ins>robust</ins>
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git services like [Gitea](https://gitea.io/) and [SourceHut](https://sr.ht/)
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to host their projects. The thing is... they really don't have to.
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to host their projects. The thing is... they really don’t have to.
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`git clone --bare repo repo.git && scp -r repo.git name@server:/srv/git`
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Those are the only commands needed to run to host a git repository on any server
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with SSH access. The path doesn't even have to be `/srv/git`. As long as the
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with SSH access. The path doesn’t even have to be `/srv/git`. As long as the
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URI (e.g. `ssh://name@server:/srv/git/repo.git`) points to a bare git repository
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which the user has read access to, they can pull from it. With write access,
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they can even push to it. Amazing.
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For more information on using git with your server, read the
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[relevant chapter](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-The-Protocols)
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from the Pro Git book. It will explain how to set up a more limited "git" user for
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from the Pro Git book. It will explain how to set up a more limited “git” user for
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SSH, use the git daemon, rig up git-http-backend on your webserver, and even use
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GitWeb to show a web UI. It's not much harder the simple setup above.
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GitWeb to show a web UI. It’s not much harder the simple setup above.
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There are also other projects which can complement git hosting. If GitWeb isn't
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There are also other projects which can complement git hosting. If GitWeb isn’t
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fancy enough, there is also [cgit](https://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/). Issue tracking
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can be handled with [Trac](https://trac.edgewall.org/), and
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[e-mail](https://git-send-email.io/) can be used to accept patches. At that
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point though, using a proper code forge might be a more suitable option.
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Self-hosting git really isn't _that_ important, nor is there anything wrong with
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sticking all of one's projects on GitHub. (Most of mine are on the SDF GIT
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Society anyways.) However, I've seen too many people purchase subscriptions from
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GitHub for the privilege of private repositories. I'm tired of seeing unused
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Self-hosting git really isn’t _that_ important, nor is there anything wrong with
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sticking all of one’s projects on GitHub. (Most of mine are on the SDF GIT
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Society anyways.) However, I’ve seen too many people purchase subscriptions from
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GitHub for the privilege of private repositories. I’m tired of seeing unused
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GitLab and Gitea instances as well. When setting up a code forge, make sure
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that it's necessary.
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that it’s necessary.
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@ -24,20 +24,20 @@ and [dev-util/pkgcheck](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-util/pkgcheck).
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4. `echo masters = gentoo > metadata/layout.conf`
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Congratulations, you now have the basic directory structure of a Gentoo overlay.
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Now that we've named our repository and set the repository master to the Gentoo
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Now that we’ve named our repository and set the repository master to the Gentoo
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ebuild repository, we are ready to go.
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At this point, you can turn this folder into a git repository, create your
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initial commit, and push it somewhere. I personally recommend doing this since
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it makes changes easy to track, and allows you to sync it between devices. If
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you don't want to do this, add `auto-sync = false` to your layout.conf to tell
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you don’t want to do this, add `auto-sync = false` to your layout.conf to tell
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Portage not to sync it with anything.
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To check that your repository is good, run `repoman` or `pkgcheck scan` in the
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root of your repository. It is good to keep an eye on it to keep the quality of
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your ebuilds from going in the gutter.
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After that, let's tell Portage about it! Create
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After that, let’s tell Portage about it! Create
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`/etc/portage/repos.conf/test-overlay.conf` and add the following:
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```
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@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ Your repository is now ready for packaging data.
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In Gentoo, [ebuilds](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Ebuild) are used to make
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packages. An ebuild is like a recipe that tells Portage how to build and install
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a package. For this example, we're going to make an ebuild for
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a package. For this example, we’re going to make an ebuild for
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[gui-apps/swaybg](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/gui-apps/swaybg).
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Don't peek at the Gentoo ebuild yet!
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Don’t peek at the Gentoo ebuild yet!
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First, let's create a folder for the package.
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First, let’s create a folder for the package.
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`mkdir -p gui-apps/swaybg && cd $_`
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Before we make an ebuild, let's create a metadata.xml file. Vim users will
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Before we make an ebuild, let’s create a metadata.xml file. Vim users will
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notice that this is already filled out, thanks to the power of
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[gentoo-syntax](https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/gentoo-syntax.git). We can
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specify a bit more, but all we need is a maintainer.
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@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ specify a bit more, but all we need is a maintainer.
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```
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Now we can create an ebuild. First, open [the swaybg repository](https://github.com/swaywm/swaybg)
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and check the version that we want to package. The only version is "1.0", so we
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can package that. Let's create a file called "swaybg-1.0.ebuild". For vim users
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and check the version that we want to package. The only version is “1.0”, so we
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can package that. Let’s create a file called “swaybg-1.0.ebuild”. For vim users
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the gentoo-syntax tool should have already filled part of this out for you. If
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not, it should be something like this.
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@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ guide](https://devmanual.gentoo.org/ebuild-writing/file-format/index.html#file-n
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### Information
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Now, we should fill out the metadata. Let's add a description, paste in the
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homepage link, and specify the license as "MIT". The SRC_URI should link to a
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Now, we should fill out the metadata. Let’s add a description, paste in the
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homepage link, and specify the license as “MIT”. The SRC_URI should link to a
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copy of the latest version, like so:
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`SRC_URI="https://github.com/swaywm/${{PN}}/archive/${{PV}}.tar.gz -> ${{P}}.tar.gz"`
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@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ dependencies:
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- scdoc (optional)
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Looking closely, we can also see that pkgconfig is used in
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meson.build, so pkgconfig is a dependency as well. We also won't need to list
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meson.build, so pkgconfig is a dependency as well. We also won’t need to list
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meson as a dependency, since we already inherited meson.eclass. (If the version
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of Meson it requires is unstable though, it might be worth adding it to prevent
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Portage from trying and failing to build it with the stable version.)
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Now let's track down the packages for our dependencies.
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Now let’s track down the packages for our dependencies.
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- [dev-libs/wayland](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-libs/wayland)
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- [dev-libs/wayland-protocols](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-libs/wayland-protocols)
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@ -153,10 +153,10 @@ Now let's track down the packages for our dependencies.
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- [virtual/pkgconfig](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/virtual/pkgconfig)
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- [app-text/scdoc](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-text/scdoc)
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Shoving them all into the DEPEND variable wouldn't be the end of the world, but
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Shoving them all into the DEPEND variable wouldn’t be the end of the world, but
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it is good to sort them out. All of these are required for building the package,
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so none of them will go in RDEPEND. As for BDEPEND, we know that pkgconfig and
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wayland-protocols obviously won't be needed to run it.
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wayland-protocols obviously won’t be needed to run it.
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This leaves scdoc. We know that it goes in BDEPEND, but it is an optional
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dependency that is _only used to build documentation_, so we will make it
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@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ Then, we will specify app-text/scdoc as an optional dependency in BDEPENDS:
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`man? ( app-text/scdoc )`
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Finally, we need to tell Meson to only build documentation when the "man" USE
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Finally, we need to tell Meson to only build documentation when the “man” USE
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flag is enabled. The meson.build file shows that the man-pages Meson option
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controls this. It is passed to the "required" argument, making it a
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controls this. It is passed to the “required” argument, making it a
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[feature option](https://mesonbuild.com/Build-options.html#features).
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The meson.eclass docs provide us with an
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@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ src_configure() {{
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### Finishing
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Now, we will generate a Manifest, which will allow Portage to check the
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integrity of the ebuild and it's source files. We can use the ebuild tool to do
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integrity of the ebuild and it’s source files. We can use the ebuild tool to do
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this.
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`ebuild ./swaybg-1.0.ebuild manifest`
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@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Manifest for an entire folder.
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`repoman manifest`
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All right, this should be complete! Now, it is time to run `repoman` or
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`pkgcheck scan` to look for issues. If it looks similar to what's below, then
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`pkgcheck scan` to look for issues. If it looks similar to what’s below, then
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all should be good.
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```
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@ -268,14 +268,14 @@ then commit.
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`git commit -m "gui-apps/swaybg: New package"`
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Users of repoman can also use `repoman commit`, which will automatically prefix
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their commit with the package name and add some extra information. Once you're
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their commit with the package name and add some extra information. Once you’re
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happy, feel free to push your work. Just make sure that it is in good shape.
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Changing history and forcing a git push in an ebuild repository is a
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terrible idea.
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### Checking our work
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Now let's look at
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Now let’s look at
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[swaybg-1.0.ebuild](https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/gui-apps/swaybg/swaybg-1.0.ebuild)
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and see how we did.
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@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ Despite trying to be thorough for the sake of the blog post, I still missed some
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things.
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- x11-libs/gdk-pixbuf and x11-libs/cairo are under BDEPEND
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- I did not notice that they were statically linked since I don't understand Meson well.
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- I did not notice that they were statically linked since I don’t understand Meson well.
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- It prevents swaybg from running alongside versions of gui-wm/sway below 1.1_alpha1
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- Likely because that is the version where [swaybg became standalone](https://github.com/swaywm/sway/releases/tag/1.1-rc1).
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- I forgot to remove the -Werror compiler flag
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- Leaving it enabled can [break things](https://devmanual.gentoo.org/ebuild-writing/common-mistakes/index.html#-werror-compiler-flag-not-removed).
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- The ebuild uses usex instead of meson_feature
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- meson_feature wasn't added until
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- meson_feature wasn’t added until
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[2019-03-17](https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/commit/eclass/meson.eclass?id=eeb4c7afa12a3acb5773fbfdb4e6e1b1f626e731),
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so the authors probably just missed it.
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@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ time. Good luck, and godspeed!
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### Sharing with others
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If you've made your overlay into a git repository, you can easily share it with
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If you’ve made your overlay into a git repository, you can easily share it with
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your friends! Although they could always clone it and add it to their repos.conf
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manually, it is easier to do so using a tool. The two I know of are
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[app-eselect/eselect-repository](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/app-eselect/eselect-repository)
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