1259 lines
39 KiB
Plaintext
1259 lines
39 KiB
Plaintext
$OpenBSD: patch-mailx_1,v 1.3 2009/05/04 19:10:49 okan Exp $
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--- mailx.1.orig Mon Oct 1 09:00:39 2007
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+++ mailx.1 Mon May 4 14:18:28 2009
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@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
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.\"
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.\" Sccsid: @(#)mailx.1 2.326 (gritter) 10/1/07
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.\"
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-.TH MAILX 1 "10/1/07" "Heirloom mailx 12.4" "User Commands"
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+.TH NAIL 1 "10/1/07" "Heirloom nail 12.4" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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-mailx \- send and receive Internet mail
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+nail \- send and receive Internet mail
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.PD 0
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.HP
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.ad l
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-\fBmailx\fR [\fB\-BDdEFintv~\fR]
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+\fBnail\fR [\fB\-BDdEFintv~\fR]
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[\fB\-s\fI\ subject\fR] [\fB\-a\fI\ attachment\fR ]
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[\fB\-c\fI\ cc-addr\fR] [\fB\-b\fI\ bcc-addr\fR] [\fB\-r\fI\ from-addr\fR]
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[\fB\-h\fI\ hops\fR]
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@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ mailx \- send and receive Internet mail
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\fIto-addr\fR .\ .\ .
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.HP
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.ad l
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-\fBmailx\fR [\fB\-BDdeEHiInNRv~\fR] [\fB\-T\fI\ name\fR]
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+\fBnail\fR [\fB\-BDdeEHiInNRv~\fR] [\fB\-T\fI\ name\fR]
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[\fB\-A\fI\ account\fR]
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[\fB\-S\fI\ variable\fR[\fB=\fIvalue\fR]]
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\fB\-f\fR [\fIname\fR]
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.HP
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.ad l
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-\fBmailx\fR [\fB\-BDdeEinNRv~\fR]
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+\fBnail\fR [\fB\-BDdeEinNRv~\fR]
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[\fB\-A\fI\ account\fR]
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[\fB\-S\fI\ variable\fR[\fB=\fIvalue\fR]]
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[\fB\-u\fI\ user\fR]
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@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ mailx \- send and receive Internet mail
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.PD
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.ad b
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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-\fIMailx\fR is an intelligent mail processing system, which has
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+\fINail\fR is an intelligent mail processing system, which has
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a command syntax reminiscent of
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.IR ed (1)
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with lines replaced by messages.
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@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ is intended to provide the functionality of the POSIX
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command,
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and offers extensions
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for MIME, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and S/MIME.
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-.I Mailx
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+.I Nail
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provides enhanced
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features for interactive use, such as caching and disconnected
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operation for IMAP, message threading, scoring, and filtering.
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@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Enables debugging messages and disables the actual del
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Unlike
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.IR \-v ,
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this option is intended for
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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development only.
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.TP
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.B \-e
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@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Read in the contents of the user's mbox
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(or the specified file)
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for processing;
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when
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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is quit, it writes
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undeleted messages back
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to this file.
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@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ This option has no effect when SMTP is used for sendin
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Ignore tty interrupt signals.
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This is
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particularly useful when using
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-\fImailx\fR on noisy phone lines.
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+\fInail\fR on noisy phone lines.
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.TP
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.B \-I
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Shows the `Newsgroup:' or `Article-Id:' fields
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@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Only applicable in combination with
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.B \-n
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Inhibits reading /etc/nail.rc upon startup.
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This option should be activated for
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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scripts that are invoked on more than one machine,
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because the contents of that file may differ between them.
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.TP
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@@ -244,23 +244,23 @@ The details of
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delivery are displayed on the user's terminal.
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.TP
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.B \-V
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-Print \fImailx\fR's version and exit.
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+Print \fInail\fR's version and exit.
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.TP
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.B \-~
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Enable tilde escapes even if not in interactive mode.
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.SS "Sending mail"
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To send a message to one or more people,
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-\fImailx\fR can be invoked with arguments
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+\fInail\fR can be invoked with arguments
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which are the names of people
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to whom the mail will be sent.
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The user is then expected to type in his message,
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followed by an `control-D' at the beginning of a line.
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The section below Replying to
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or originating mail,
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-describes some features of \fImailx\fR
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+describes some features of \fInail\fR
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available to help when composing letters.
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.SS "Reading mail"
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-In normal usage \fImailx\fR is given no arguments
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+In normal usage \fInail\fR is given no arguments
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and checks the user's mail out of the post office,
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then prints out a one line header
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of each message found.
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@@ -277,12 +277,12 @@ and simple numbers.
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After examining a message
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the user can delete `d') the message
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or reply `r') to it.
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-Deletion causes the \fImailx\fR program
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+Deletion causes the \fInail\fR program
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to forget about the message.
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This is not irreversible;
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the message can be undeleted `u')
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by giving its number,
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-or the \fImailx\fR session can be aborted
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+or the \fInail\fR session can be aborted
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by giving the exit `x') command.
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Deleted messages will, however,
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usually disappear never to be seen again.
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@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ All messages that satisfy the given IMAP-style SEARCH
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This addressing mode is available with all types of folders;
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for folders not located on IMAP servers,
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or for servers unable to execute the SEARCH command,
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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will perform the search locally.
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Strings must be enclosed by double quotes `"' in their entirety
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if they contain white space or parentheses;
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@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ Text the user types in then,
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up to an end-of-file,
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defines the contents of the message.
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While the user is composing a message,
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-\fImailx\fR treats lines beginning with the character `~' specially.
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+\fInail\fR treats lines beginning with the character `~' specially.
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For instance, typing `~m' (alone on a line)
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will place a copy of the current message into the response
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right shifting it by a tabstop
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@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ to revise the message
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or to a shell to run some commands.
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(These options are given in the summary below.)
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.SS "Ending a mail processing session"
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-The user can end a \fImailx\fR session
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+The user can end a \fInail\fR session
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with the quit (`q') command.
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Messages which have been examined
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go to the user's mbox file
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@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ Such lists can be defined by placing a line like
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.fi
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in the file .mailrc in the user's home directory.
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The current list of such aliases
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-can be displayed with the alias command in \fImailx\fR.
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+can be displayed with the alias command in \fInail\fR.
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System wide distribution lists can be created
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by editing /etc/aliases, see
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.IR aliases (5)
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@@ -674,14 +674,14 @@ command below.
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See
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.IR mailaddr (7)
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for a description of network addresses.
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-\fIMailx\fR has a number of options
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+\fINail\fR has a number of options
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which can be set in the .mailrc file
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to alter its behavior;
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thus `\fIset askcc\fR' enables the askcc feature.
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(These options are summarized below).
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.SS "MIME types"
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For any outgoing attachment,
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-\fImailx\fR tries to determine the content type.
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+\fInail\fR tries to determine the content type.
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It does this by reading MIME type files
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whose lines have the following syntax:
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.nf
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@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ whose lines have the following syntax:
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where type/subtype are strings describing the file contents,
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and extension is the part of a filename starting after the last dot.
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Any line not immediately beginning with an ASCII alphabetical character is
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-ignored by \fImailx\fR.
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+ignored by \fInail\fR.
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If there is a match with the extension of the file to attach,
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the given type/subtype pair is used.
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Otherwise, or if the filename has no extension,
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@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ the first for text or international text files,
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the second for any file that contains formatting characters
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other than newlines and horizontal tabulators.
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.SS "Character sets"
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-.I Mailx
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+.I Nail
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normally detects the character set of the terminal
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using the LC_CTYPE locale setting.
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If the locale cannot be used appropriately,
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@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ must be declared within its header.
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Permissible values can be declared
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using the \fIsendcharsets\fR variable,
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separated by commas;
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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tries each of the values in order
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and uses the first appropriate one.
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If the message contains characters that cannot be represented
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@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ if it is invoked without arguments.
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.PP
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Best results are usually achieved
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when
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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is run in a UTF-8 locale
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on a UTF-8 capable terminal.
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In this setup,
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@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ the command's requirements is used.
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If there are no messages forward of the current message,
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the search proceeds backwards,
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and if there are no good messages at all,
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-\fImailx\fR types `\fIapplicable messages\fR' and aborts the command.
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+\fInail\fR types `\fIapplicable messages\fR' and aborts the command.
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If the command begins with a \fI#\fR sign,
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the line is ignored.
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.PP
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@@ -869,10 +869,10 @@ creates a new alias or changes an old one.
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.B alternates
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(alt) The alternates command is useful
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if the user has accounts on several machines.
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-It can be used to inform \fImailx\fR
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+It can be used to inform \fInail\fR
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that the listed addresses all belong to the invoking user.
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When he replies to messages,
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-\fImailx\fR will not send a copy of the message
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+\fInail\fR will not send a copy of the message
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to any of the addresses
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listed on the alternates list.
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If the alternates command is given
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@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ available for disconnected use.
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Deletes the current message
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and prints the next message.
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If there is no next message,
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-\fImailx\fR says `\fIat EOF\fR'.
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+\fInail\fR says `\fIat EOF\fR'.
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.TP
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.B draft
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Takes a message list and marks each message
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@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ The optional
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part applies to IMAP only;
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if it is omitted,
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the default `INBOX' is used.
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-If \fImailx\fR is connected to an IMAP server,
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+If \fInail\fR is connected to an IMAP server,
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a name of the form \fB@\fImailbox\fR
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refers to the \fImailbox\fR on that server.
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If the `folder' variable refers to an IMAP account,
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@@ -1263,14 +1263,14 @@ and marks each message therein to be saved
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in the user's system mailbox
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instead of in mbox.
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Does not override the delete command.
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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deviates from the POSIX standard with this command,
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as a `next' command issued after `hold'
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will display the following message,
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not the current one.
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.TP
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.B if
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-Commands in \fImailx\fR's startup files
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+Commands in \fInail\fR's startup files
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can be executed conditionally
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depending on whether the user is sending
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or receiving mail with the if command.
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@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ it lists the current set of ignored fields.
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.TP
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.B imap
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Sends command strings directly to the current IMAP server.
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-\fIMailx\fR operates always in IMAP \fIselected state\fR
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+\fINail\fR operates always in IMAP \fIselected state\fR
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on the current mailbox;
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commands that change this
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will produce undesirable results
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@@ -1386,13 +1386,13 @@ and sends mail to those people.
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.B mbox
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Indicate that a list of messages be sent
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to mbox in the user's home directory when
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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is quit.
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This is the default action for messages
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if unless the
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.I hold
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option is set.
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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deviates from the POSIX standard with this command,
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as a `next' command issued after `mbox'
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will display the following message,
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@@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@ Takes a message list
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and marks the messages for saving in the
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.I mbox
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file.
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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deviates from the POSIX standard with this command,
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as a `next' command issued after `mbox'
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will display the following message,
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@@ -1953,7 +1953,7 @@ No special handling of compressed files is performed.
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(x) A synonym for exit.
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.TP
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.B z
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-\fIMailx\fR presents message headers in windowfuls
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+\fINail\fR presents message headers in windowfuls
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as described under the headers command.
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The z command scrolls to the next window of messages.
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If an argument is given,
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@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ that the window is calculated in relation
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to the current position.
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A number without a prefix specifies an
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absolute window number,
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-and a `$' lets \fImailx\fR scroll
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+and a `$' lets \fInail\fR scroll
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to the last window of messages.
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.TP
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.B Z
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@@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ First, the user can edit all existing attachment data.
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If an attachment's file name is left empty,
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that attachment is deleted from the list.
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When the end of the attachment list is reached,
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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will ask for further attachments,
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until an empty file name is given.
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If \fIfilename\fP arguments are specified,
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@@ -2153,11 +2153,11 @@ The command
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is often used
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as command to rejustify the message.
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.TP
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-.BI ~: mailx-command
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-Execute the given \fImailx\fR command.
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+.BI ~: nail-command
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+Execute the given \fInail\fR command.
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Not all commands, however, are allowed.
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.TP
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-.BI ~_ mailx-command
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+.BI ~_ nail-command
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Identical to ~:.
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.TP
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.BI ~~ string
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@@ -2170,7 +2170,7 @@ in order to send it at the beginning of a line.
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Options are controlled via set and unset commands,
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see their entries for a syntax description.
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An option is also set
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-if it is passed to \fImailx\fR
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+if it is passed to \fInail\fR
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as part of the environment
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(this is not restricted to specific variables as in the POSIX standard).
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A value given in a startup file overrides
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@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ rather than prepended.
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This should always be set.
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.TP
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.BR ask \ or \ asksub
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-Causes \fImailx\fR to prompt for the subject
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+Causes \fInail\fR to prompt for the subject
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of each message sent.
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If the user responds with simply a newline,
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no subject field will be sent.
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@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ Causes the prompts for `Cc:' and `Bcc:' lists
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to appear after the message has been edited.
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.TP
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.B askattach
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-If set, \fImailx\fR asks for files to attach at the end of each message.
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+If set, \fInail\fR asks for files to attach at the end of each message.
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Responding with a newline indicates not to include an attachment.
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.TP
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.B askcc
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@@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ Prints debugging messages and disables the actual deli
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Unlike
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.IR verbose ,
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this option is intended for
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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development only.
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.TP
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.B disconnected
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@@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@ variable above,
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but other accounts are not affected.
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.TP
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.B dot
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-The binary option dot causes \fImailx\fR to interpret
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+The binary option dot causes \fInail\fR to interpret
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a period alone on a line
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as the terminator of a message the user is sending.
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.TP
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@@ -2371,10 +2371,10 @@ when using a common folder directory.
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.TP
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.B emptystart
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If the mailbox is empty,
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-\fImailx\fR normally prints \fI`No mail for user'\fR
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+\fInail\fR normally prints \fI`No mail for user'\fR
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and exits immediately.
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If this option is set,
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-\fImailx\fR starts even with an empty mailbox.
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+\fInail\fR starts even with an empty mailbox.
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.TP
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.B flipr
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Exchanges the
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@@ -2403,7 +2403,7 @@ option is set.
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.TP
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.B fullnames
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When replying to a message,
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-\fImailx\fR normally removes the comment parts of email addresses,
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+\fInail\fR normally removes the comment parts of email addresses,
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which by convention contain the full names of the recipients.
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If this variable is set,
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such stripping is not performed,
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@@ -2425,13 +2425,13 @@ to be ignored and echoed as @'s.
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.TP
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.B ignoreeof
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An option related to dot is ignoreeof
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-which makes \fImailx\fR refuse to
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+which makes \fInail\fR refuse to
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accept a control-d as the end of a message.
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-Ignoreeof also applies to \fImailx\fR command mode.
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+Ignoreeof also applies to \fInail\fR command mode.
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.TP
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.B imap-use-starttls
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Causes
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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to issue a STARTTLS command
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to make an unencrypted IMAP session SSL/TLS encrypted.
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This functionality is not supported by all servers,
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@@ -2443,7 +2443,7 @@ Activates
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for a specific account.
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.TP
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.B keep
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-This option causes \fImailx\fR to truncate the user's system mailbox
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+This option causes \fInail\fR to truncate the user's system mailbox
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instead of deleting it when it is empty.
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This should always be set,
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since it prevents malicious users
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@@ -2455,7 +2455,7 @@ When a message is saved,
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it is usually discarded
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from the originating folder
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when
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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is quit.
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Setting this option
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causes all saved message to be retained.
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@@ -2547,7 +2547,7 @@ for a specific account.
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.TP
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.B pop3-use-starttls
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Causes
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-.I mailx
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+.I nail
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to issue a STLS command
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to make an unencrypted POP3 session SSL/TLS encrypted.
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This functionality is not supported by all servers,
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@@ -2595,7 +2595,7 @@ folder as it is normally only done for newly composed
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.TP
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.B reply-in-same-charset
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If this variable is set,
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-.I mailx
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|
+.I nail
|
|
first tries to use the same character set
|
|
of the original message for replies.
|
|
If this fails,
|
|
@@ -2609,7 +2609,7 @@ Reverses the sense of reply and Reply commands.
|
|
.B save
|
|
When the user aborts a message
|
|
with two RUBOUT (interrupt characters)
|
|
-\fImailx\fR copies the partial letter
|
|
+\fInail\fR copies the partial letter
|
|
to the file `dead.letter' in the home directory.
|
|
This option is set by default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
@@ -2625,15 +2625,15 @@ When sending a message,
|
|
wait until the mail transfer agent exits
|
|
before accepting further commands.
|
|
If the mail transfer agent returns a non-zero exit status,
|
|
-the exit status of mailx will also be non-zero.
|
|
+the exit status of nail will also be non-zero.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B showlast
|
|
-Setting this option causes \fImailx\fR to start at the
|
|
+Setting this option causes \fInail\fR to start at the
|
|
last message instead of the first one when opening a mail folder.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B showname
|
|
Causes
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to use the sender's real name instead of the plain address
|
|
in the header field summary and in message specifications.
|
|
.TP
|
|
@@ -2651,7 +2651,7 @@ option).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B smime-force-encryption
|
|
Causes
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to refuse sending unencrypted messages.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B smime-sign
|
|
@@ -2671,7 +2671,7 @@ when verifying S/MIME signed messages.
|
|
Only applicable if S/MIME support is built using OpenSSL.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B smtp-use-starttls
|
|
-Causes \fImailx\fR to issue a STARTTLS command
|
|
+Causes \fInail\fR to issue a STARTTLS command
|
|
to make an SMTP session SSL/TLS encrypted.
|
|
Not all servers support this command;
|
|
because of common implementation defects,
|
|
@@ -2691,7 +2691,7 @@ because this protocol version is insecure.
|
|
.B stealthmua
|
|
Inhibits the generation of
|
|
the \fI`Message-Id:'\fR and \fI`User-Agent:'\fR
|
|
-header fields that include obvious references to \fImailx\fR.
|
|
+header fields that include obvious references to \fInail\fR.
|
|
There are two pitfalls associated with this:
|
|
First, the message id of outgoing messages is not known anymore.
|
|
Second, an expert may still use the remaining information in the header
|
|
@@ -2700,13 +2700,13 @@ to track down the originating mail user agent.
|
|
.B verbose
|
|
Setting the option verbose is the same
|
|
as using the \-v flag on the command line.
|
|
-When \fImailx\fR runs in verbose mode,
|
|
+When \fInail\fR runs in verbose mode,
|
|
details of the actual message delivery
|
|
and protocol conversations for IMAP, POP3, and SMTP,
|
|
as well as of other internal processes,
|
|
are displayed on the user's terminal,
|
|
This is sometimes useful to debug problems.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
prints all data that is sent to remote servers in clear texts,
|
|
including passwords,
|
|
so care should be taken that no unauthorized option
|
|
@@ -2818,7 +2818,7 @@ for storing folders of messages.
|
|
All folder names that begin with `+'
|
|
refer to files below that directory.
|
|
If the directory name begins with a `/',
|
|
-\fImailx\fR considers it to be an absolute pathname;
|
|
+\fInail\fR considers it to be an absolute pathname;
|
|
otherwise, the folder directory is found
|
|
relative to the user's home directory.
|
|
.IP
|
|
@@ -2973,9 +2973,9 @@ Sets the IMAP authentication method for a specific acc
|
|
Enables caching of IMAP mailboxes.
|
|
The value of this variable must point to a directory
|
|
that is either existent or can be created by
|
|
-.IR mailx .
|
|
+.IR nail .
|
|
All contents of the cache can be deleted by
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
at any time;
|
|
it is not safe to make assumptions about them.
|
|
.TP
|
|
@@ -3025,7 +3025,7 @@ format for saving space.
|
|
If processing time is considered more important,
|
|
.IR uncompress (1)
|
|
can be used to store them in plain form.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will then work using the uncompressed files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B LISTER
|
|
@@ -3100,17 +3100,17 @@ is a digit.
|
|
These are usually taken from Mozilla installations,
|
|
so an appropriate value might be
|
|
`~/.mozilla/firefox/default.clm'.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
opens these files read-only
|
|
and does not modify them.
|
|
However, if the files are modified by Mozilla
|
|
while
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
is running,
|
|
it will print a `Bad database' message.
|
|
It may be necessary to create copies of these files
|
|
that are exclusively used by
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
then.
|
|
Only applicable if S/MIME and SSL/TLS support is built using
|
|
Network Security Services (NSS).
|
|
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ if messages of type
|
|
were filtered through the shell, for example,
|
|
a message sender could easily execute arbitrary code
|
|
on the system
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
is running on.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pop3-keepalive
|
|
@@ -3177,7 +3177,7 @@ or to `\fB&\ \fR' if the
|
|
variable is set.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B quote
|
|
-If set, \fImailx\fR starts a replying message with the original message prefixed
|
|
+If set, \fInail\fR starts a replying message with the original message prefixed
|
|
by the value of the variable \fIindentprefix\fR.
|
|
Normally, a heading consisting of `Fromheaderfield wrote:' is printed
|
|
before the quotation.
|
|
@@ -3208,7 +3208,7 @@ If replying to a message, such addresses are handled
|
|
as if they were in the alternates list.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B screen
|
|
-When \fImailx\fR initially prints the message headers,
|
|
+When \fInail\fR initially prints the message headers,
|
|
it determines the number to print
|
|
by looking at the speed of the terminal.
|
|
The faster the terminal, the more it prints.
|
|
@@ -3223,7 +3223,7 @@ A comma-separated list of character set names
|
|
that can be used in Internet mail.
|
|
When a message that contains characters not representable in US-ASCII
|
|
is prepared for sending,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
tries to convert its text
|
|
to each of the given character sets in order
|
|
and uses the first appropriate one.
|
|
@@ -3387,7 +3387,7 @@ the specific file is used.
|
|
When decrypting messages,
|
|
their recipient fields (To: and Cc:) are searched for addresses
|
|
for which such a variable is set.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
always uses the first address that matches,
|
|
so if the same message is sent to more than one
|
|
of the user's addresses using different encryption keys,
|
|
@@ -3410,7 +3410,7 @@ for a specific address.
|
|
Only applicable if S/MIME support is built using NSS.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B smtp
|
|
-Normally, \fImailx\fR invokes
|
|
+Normally, \fInail\fR invokes
|
|
.IR sendmail (8)
|
|
directly to transfer messages.
|
|
If the \fIsmtp\fR variable is set, a SMTP connection to
|
|
@@ -3486,7 +3486,7 @@ If this variable is set but neither
|
|
or a matching
|
|
.I smtp-auth-password-user@host
|
|
can be found,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
will as for a password on the user's terminal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBsmtp-auth-user-\fIuser\fB@\fIhost\fR
|
|
@@ -3605,9 +3605,9 @@ normally, the first five
|
|
lines are printed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ttycharset
|
|
-The character set of the terminal \fImailx\fR operates on.
|
|
+The character set of the terminal \fInail\fR operates on.
|
|
There is normally no need to set this variable
|
|
-since \fImailx\fR can determine this automatically
|
|
+since \fInail\fR can determine this automatically
|
|
by looking at the LC_CTYPE locale setting;
|
|
if this succeeds, the value is assigned at startup
|
|
and will be displayed by the \fIset\fP command.
|
|
@@ -3618,7 +3618,7 @@ that can be used in Internet messages.
|
|
Pathname of the text editor to use
|
|
in the visual command and ~v escape.
|
|
.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
|
|
-Besides the variables described above, \fImailx\fR uses
|
|
+Besides the variables described above, \fInail\fR uses
|
|
the following environment strings:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B HOME
|
|
@@ -3631,7 +3631,7 @@ See
|
|
.B MAILRC
|
|
Is used as startup file instead of ~/.mailrc if set.
|
|
When
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
scripts are invoked on behalf of other users,
|
|
this variable should be set to `/dev/null'
|
|
to avoid side-effects from reading their configuration files.
|
|
@@ -3663,7 +3663,7 @@ System wide MIME types.
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.SS "Getting started"
|
|
The
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
command has two distinct usages, according to whether one
|
|
wants to send or receive mail.
|
|
Sending mail is simple: to send a
|
|
@@ -3673,29 +3673,29 @@ use the shell
|
|
command:
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
- $ \fBmailx\fI bill@host.example\fR
|
|
+ $ \fBnail\fI bill@host.example\fR
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
then type your message.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will prompt you for a message
|
|
.I subject
|
|
first;
|
|
after that, lines typed by you form the body of the message.
|
|
When you reach the end of the message, type
|
|
an EOT (control\-d) at the beginning of a line, which will cause
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to echo `EOT' and return you to the shell.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If, while you are composing the message
|
|
you decide that you do not wish to send it after all, you can
|
|
abort the letter with a \s-2RUBOUT\s0. Typing a single \s-2RUBOUT\s0
|
|
causes
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to print `(Interrupt -- one more to kill letter)'.
|
|
Typing a second
|
|
\s-2RUBOUT\s0 causes
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to save your partial letter on the file `dead.letter'
|
|
in your home directory and abort the letter.
|
|
Once you have
|
|
@@ -3707,7 +3707,7 @@ you can list their email addresses on the command line
|
|
Thus,
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
- $ \fBmailx\fI sam@workstation.example bob@server.example\fR
|
|
+ $ \fBnail\fI sam@workstation.example bob@server.example\fR
|
|
Subject: Fees
|
|
Tuition fees are due next Friday. Don't forget!
|
|
<Control\-d>
|
|
@@ -3722,16 +3722,16 @@ and
|
|
To read your mail, simply type
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
- $ \fBmailx\fR
|
|
+ $ \fBnail\fR
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will respond by typing its version number and date and then listing
|
|
the messages you have waiting.
|
|
Then it will type a prompt and await your command.
|
|
The messages are assigned numbers starting with 1\(emyou
|
|
refer to the messages with these numbers.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
keeps track of which messages are
|
|
.I new
|
|
(have been sent since you last read your mail) and
|
|
@@ -3742,7 +3742,7 @@ next to them in the header listing and old, but unread
|
|
a
|
|
.B U
|
|
next to them.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
keeps track of new/old and read/unread messages by putting a
|
|
header field called
|
|
.I Status
|
|
@@ -3766,7 +3766,7 @@ you could examine the first message by giving the comm
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
which might cause
|
|
-.N mailx
|
|
+.N nail
|
|
to respond with, for example:
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
@@ -3780,14 +3780,14 @@ to respond with, for example:
|
|
.fi
|
|
.PP
|
|
Many
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
commands that operate on messages take a message number as an
|
|
argument like the
|
|
.I type
|
|
command.
|
|
For these commands, there is a notion of a current message.
|
|
When you enter the
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
program, the current message is initially the first
|
|
(or the first recent) one.
|
|
Thus, you can often omit the message number and use, for example,
|
|
@@ -3810,10 +3810,10 @@ would type the first message.
|
|
Frequently, it is useful to read the messages in your mailbox in order,
|
|
one after another.
|
|
You can read the next message in
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
by simply typing a newline.
|
|
As a special case, you can type a newline as your first command to
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to type the first message.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If, after typing a message, you wish to immediately send a reply,
|
|
@@ -3824,13 +3824,13 @@ This command,
|
|
like
|
|
.IR type ,
|
|
takes a message number as an argument.
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
then begins a message addressed to the user who sent you the message.
|
|
You may then type in your letter in reply, followed by a <control-d>
|
|
at the beginning of a line, as before.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Note that
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
copies the subject header from the original message.
|
|
This is useful in that correspondence
|
|
about a particular matter will tend to retain the same subject heading,
|
|
@@ -3865,13 +3865,13 @@ you can use the
|
|
.I delete
|
|
command.
|
|
In addition to not saving deleted messages,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
will not let you type them, either.
|
|
The effect is to make the message disappear
|
|
altogether, along with its number.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Many features of
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
can be tailored to your liking with the
|
|
.I set
|
|
command.
|
|
@@ -3885,7 +3885,7 @@ option.
|
|
Binary options are either on or off. For example, the
|
|
.I askcc
|
|
option informs
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
that each time you send a message, you want it to prompt you for
|
|
a `Cc:' header,
|
|
to be included in the message.
|
|
@@ -3898,12 +3898,12 @@ option, you would type
|
|
.fi
|
|
.PP
|
|
Valued options are values which
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
uses to adapt to your tastes.
|
|
For example, the
|
|
.I record
|
|
option tells
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
where to save messages sent by you,
|
|
and is specified by
|
|
.nf
|
|
@@ -3915,17 +3915,17 @@ for example.
|
|
Note that no spaces are allowed in
|
|
.I "set record=Sent".
|
|
.PP
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
includes a simple facility for maintaining groups of messages together
|
|
in folders.
|
|
To use the folder facility, you must tell
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
where you wish to keep your folders.
|
|
Each folder of messages will be a single file.
|
|
For convenience, all of your folders are kept in
|
|
a single directory of your choosing.
|
|
To tell
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
where your folder directory is, put a line of the form
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
@@ -3937,7 +3937,7 @@ in your
|
|
file.
|
|
If, as in the example above,
|
|
your folder directory does not begin with a `/',
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
will assume that your folder directory is to be found starting from
|
|
your home directory.
|
|
.PP
|
|
@@ -3972,7 +3972,7 @@ The
|
|
.I folder
|
|
command
|
|
can be used to direct
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to the contents of a different folder.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.nf
|
|
@@ -3981,7 +3981,7 @@ For example,
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
directs
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
to read the contents of the
|
|
.I classwork
|
|
folder.
|
|
@@ -4004,14 +4004,14 @@ command.
|
|
Finally, the
|
|
.I help
|
|
command is available to print out a brief summary of the most important
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
commands.
|
|
.PP
|
|
While typing in a message to be sent to others, it is often
|
|
useful to be able to invoke the text editor on the partial message,
|
|
print the message, execute a shell command, or do some other
|
|
auxiliary function.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
provides these capabilities through
|
|
.I "tilde escapes" ,
|
|
which consist of a tilde (~) at the beginning of a line, followed by
|
|
@@ -4088,7 +4088,7 @@ You might want to put this string into a startup file.
|
|
As the
|
|
.I shortcut
|
|
command is specific to this implementation of
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
and will confuse other implementations,
|
|
it should not be used in
|
|
.IR ~/.mailrc ,
|
|
@@ -4106,15 +4106,15 @@ containing the
|
|
.I shortcut
|
|
command above.
|
|
You can then access your remote mailbox by invoking
|
|
-`mailx \-f \fImyisp\fR' on the command line,
|
|
-or by executing `fi \fImyisp\fR' within mailx.
|
|
+`nail \-f \fImyisp\fR' on the command line,
|
|
+or by executing `fi \fImyisp\fR' within nail.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you want to use more than one IMAP mailbox on a server,
|
|
or if you want to use the IMAP server for mail storage too,
|
|
the
|
|
.I account
|
|
command
|
|
-(which is also \fImailx-\fRspecific)
|
|
+(which is also \fInail-\fRspecific)
|
|
is more appropriate than the
|
|
.I shortcut
|
|
command.
|
|
@@ -4129,8 +4129,8 @@ You can put the following in
|
|
.fi
|
|
.sp
|
|
and can then access incoming mail for this account by invoking
|
|
-`mailx \-A \fImyisp\fR' on the command line,
|
|
-or by executing `ac \fImyisp\fR' within mailx.
|
|
+`nail \-A \fImyisp\fR' on the command line,
|
|
+or by executing `ac \fImyisp\fR' within nail.
|
|
After that,
|
|
a command like `copy \fI1\fR +\fIotherfolder\fR'
|
|
will refer to \fIotherfolder\fR on the IMAP server.
|
|
@@ -4142,7 +4142,7 @@ and
|
|
`fi +Sent' will show your recorded sent mail,
|
|
with both folders located on the IMAP server.
|
|
.PP
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will ask you for a password string
|
|
each time you connect to a remote account.
|
|
If you can reasonably trust the security
|
|
@@ -4156,7 +4156,7 @@ you can give this password in the startup file as
|
|
You should change the permissions of this file to 0600, see
|
|
.IR chmod (1).
|
|
.PP
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
supports different authentication methods for both IMAP and POP3.
|
|
If Kerberos is used at your location,
|
|
you can try to activate GSSAPI-based authentication by
|
|
@@ -4166,7 +4166,7 @@ you can try to activate GSSAPI-based authentication by
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
The advantage of this method is that
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
does not need to know your password at all,
|
|
nor needs to send sensitive data over the network.
|
|
Otherwise, the options
|
|
@@ -4185,7 +4185,7 @@ conventional user/password based authentication must b
|
|
It is sometimes helpful to set the
|
|
.I verbose
|
|
option when authentication problems occur.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will display all data sent to the server in clear text on the screen
|
|
with this option,
|
|
including passwords.
|
|
@@ -4208,14 +4208,14 @@ select a local directory name and put
|
|
.fi
|
|
in the startup file.
|
|
All files within that directory
|
|
-can be overwritten or deleted by \fImailx\fR at any time,
|
|
+can be overwritten or deleted by \fInail\fR at any time,
|
|
so you should not use the directory to store other information.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Once the cache contains some messages,
|
|
it is not strictly necessary anymore
|
|
to open a connection to the IMAP server
|
|
to access them.
|
|
-When \fImailx\fR is invoked with the \fI\-D\fR option,
|
|
+When \fInail\fR is invoked with the \fI\-D\fR option,
|
|
or when the
|
|
.I disconnected
|
|
variable is set,
|
|
@@ -4292,7 +4292,7 @@ such as by personally receiving the certificate on sto
|
|
The scoring commands are best separated
|
|
from other configuration for clarity,
|
|
and are mostly
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
specific.
|
|
It is thus recommended to put them in a separate file
|
|
that is sourced from your NAIL_EXTRA_RC as follows:
|
|
@@ -4422,7 +4422,7 @@ If you set the
|
|
option before running the
|
|
.I classify
|
|
command,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
prints the words it uses for calculating the junk status
|
|
along with their statistical probabilities.
|
|
This can help you to find out
|
|
@@ -4476,8 +4476,8 @@ Most PDF viewers do not accept input directly from a p
|
|
It is thus necessary to store the attachment in a temporary file, as with
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
- \fBset pipe-application/pdf=\fR"cat >/tmp/mailx$$.pdf; \e
|
|
- acroread /tmp/mailx$$.pdf; rm /tmp/mailx$$.pdf"
|
|
+ \fBset pipe-application/pdf=\fR"cat >/tmp/nail$$.pdf; \e
|
|
+ acroread /tmp/nail$$.pdf; rm /tmp/nail$$.pdf"
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
Note that security defects are discovered in PDF viewers
|
|
@@ -4548,7 +4548,7 @@ from one of the major CAs on the Internet using your W
|
|
You will usually receive
|
|
a combined certificate and private key
|
|
in PKCS#12 format which
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
does not directly accept
|
|
if S/MIME support is built using OpenSSL.
|
|
To convert it to PEM format,
|
|
@@ -4565,7 +4565,7 @@ parameter,
|
|
you can specifiy an additional
|
|
.I "PEM pass phrase"
|
|
for protecting the private key.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
will then ask you for that pass phrase
|
|
each time it signs or decrypts a message.
|
|
You can then use
|
|
@@ -4575,7 +4575,7 @@ You can then use
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
to make this private key and certificate known to
|
|
-.IR mailx .
|
|
+.IR nail .
|
|
.PP
|
|
If S/MIME support is built using NSS,
|
|
the PKCS#12 file must be installed using Mozilla
|
|
@@ -4610,7 +4610,7 @@ First use the
|
|
command to check the validity of the certificate.
|
|
After that,
|
|
retrieve the certificate and tell
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
that it should use it for encryption:
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
@@ -4667,13 +4667,13 @@ To seriously use S/MIME or SSL/TLS verification,
|
|
an up-to-date CRL is required for each trusted CA.
|
|
There is otherwise no method
|
|
to distinguish between valid and invalidated certificates.
|
|
-.I Mailx
|
|
+.I Nail
|
|
currently offers no mechanism to fetch CRLs,
|
|
or to access them on the Internet,
|
|
so you have to retrieve them by some external mechanism.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If S/MIME and SSL/TLS support are built using OpenSSL,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
accepts CRLs in PEM format only;
|
|
CRLs in DER format must be converted,
|
|
e.\|g. with the shell command
|
|
@@ -4683,7 +4683,7 @@ e.\|g. with the shell command
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
To tell
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
about the CRLs,
|
|
a directory
|
|
that contains all CRL files
|
|
@@ -4696,7 +4696,7 @@ or
|
|
variables, respectively,
|
|
must then be set to point to that directory.
|
|
After that,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
requires a CRL to be present
|
|
for each CA that is used
|
|
to verify a certificate.
|
|
@@ -4709,20 +4709,20 @@ is set appropriately).
|
|
.SS "Sending mail from scripts"
|
|
If you want to send mail from scripts,
|
|
you must be aware that
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
reads the user's configuration files by default.
|
|
So unless your script is only intended for your own personal use
|
|
(as e.g. a cron job),
|
|
you need to circumvent this by invoking
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
like
|
|
.nf
|
|
.sp
|
|
- \fBMAILRC=/dev/null mailx \-n\fR
|
|
+ \fBMAILRC=/dev/null nail \-n\fR
|
|
.sp
|
|
.fi
|
|
You then need to create a configuration for
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
for your script.
|
|
This can be done by either pointing the
|
|
.I MAILRC
|
|
@@ -4736,7 +4736,7 @@ An invocation could thus look like
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBenv MAILRC=/dev/null\fR from=\fIscriptreply@domain\fR smtp=\fIhost\fR \e
|
|
smtp-auth-user=\fIlogin\fR smtp-auth-password=\fIsecret\fR \e
|
|
- smtp-auth=\fIlogin\fR \fBmailx \-n\fR \-s "\fIsubject\fR" \e
|
|
+ smtp-auth=\fIlogin\fR \fBnail \-n\fR \-s "\fIsubject\fR" \e
|
|
\-a \fIattachment_file\fR \fIrecipient@domain\fR <\fIcontent_file\fR
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
fmt(1),
|
|
@@ -4753,7 +4753,7 @@ sendmail(8)
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
|
.PP
|
|
Variables in the environment passed to
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
cannot be unset.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The character set conversion relies
|
|
@@ -4762,7 +4762,7 @@ on the
|
|
function.
|
|
Its functionality differs widely
|
|
between the various system environments
|
|
-\fImailx\fR runs on.
|
|
+\fInail\fR runs on.
|
|
If the message `Cannot convert from \fIa\fR to \fIb\fR' appears,
|
|
either some characters within the message header or text
|
|
are not appropriate for the currently selected terminal character set,
|
|
@@ -4786,7 +4786,7 @@ the value assigned to
|
|
.I sendcharsets
|
|
must match the character set that is used on the terminal.
|
|
.PP
|
|
-Mailx expects input text to be in Unix format,
|
|
+Nail expects input text to be in Unix format,
|
|
with lines separated by
|
|
.I newline
|
|
(^J, \en) characters only.
|
|
@@ -4797,7 +4797,7 @@ characters in addition will be treated as binary data;
|
|
to send such files as text, strip these characters e.\ g. by
|
|
.RS
|
|
.sp
|
|
-tr \-d '\e015' <input | mailx .\ .\ .
|
|
+tr \-d '\e015' <input | nail .\ .\ .
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RE
|
|
or fix the tools that generate them.
|
|
@@ -4831,10 +4831,10 @@ and new messages will appear as unread
|
|
when it is selected for viewing later.
|
|
The `flagged', `answered', and `draft' attributes are usually permanent,
|
|
but some IMAP servers are known to drop them without notification.
|
|
-.\" This is why mailx does not even check if storing them succeeds.
|
|
+.\" This is why nail does not even check if storing them succeeds.
|
|
Message numbers may change with IMAP
|
|
every time before the prompt is printed
|
|
-if \fImailx\fR is notified by the server
|
|
+if \fInail\fR is notified by the server
|
|
that messages have been deleted
|
|
by some other client or process.
|
|
In this case, `Expunged \fIn\fR messages' is printed,
|
|
@@ -4858,14 +4858,14 @@ It is not possible to rename or to remove POP3 mailbox
|
|
If a
|
|
.SM RUBOUT
|
|
(interrupt) is typed while an IMAP or POP3 operation is in progress,
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
will wait until the operation can be safely aborted,
|
|
and will then return to the command loop
|
|
and print the prompt again.
|
|
When a second
|
|
.I RUBOUT
|
|
is typed while
|
|
-.I mailx
|
|
+.I nail
|
|
is waiting for the operation to complete,
|
|
the operation itself will be canceled.
|
|
In this case,
|
|
@@ -4877,7 +4877,7 @@ was using an SSL/TLS encrypted channel,
|
|
an error in the SSL transport will very likely result,
|
|
and the connection is no longer usable.
|
|
.PP
|
|
-As \fImailx\fR is a mail user agent,
|
|
+As \fInail\fR is a mail user agent,
|
|
it provides only basic SMTP services.
|
|
If it fails to contact its upstream SMTP server,
|
|
it will not make further attempts to transfer the message
|
|
@@ -4887,20 +4887,20 @@ than an error message on the terminal
|
|
and a `dead.letter' file.
|
|
This is usually not a problem if the SMTP server
|
|
is located in the same local network
|
|
-as the computer on which \fImailx\fR is run.
|
|
+as the computer on which \fInail\fR is run.
|
|
However, care should be taken when using a remote server of an ISP;
|
|
it might be better to set up a local SMTP server then
|
|
which just acts as a proxy.
|
|
.PP
|
|
-\fIMailx\fR immediately contacts the SMTP server (or
|
|
+\fINail\fR immediately contacts the SMTP server (or
|
|
.IR \%/usr/lib/sendmail )
|
|
even when operating in
|
|
.I disconnected
|
|
mode.
|
|
-It would not make much sense for \fImailx\fR to defer outgoing mail
|
|
+It would not make much sense for \fInail\fR to defer outgoing mail
|
|
since SMTP servers usually provide
|
|
much more elaborated delay handling
|
|
-than \fImailx\fR could perform as a client.
|
|
+than \fInail\fR could perform as a client.
|
|
Thus the recommended setup for sending mail in
|
|
.I disconnected
|
|
mode is to configure a local SMTP server
|