576 lines
19 KiB
Prolog
Executable File
576 lines
19 KiB
Prolog
Executable File
#! /usr/bin/perl -w
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# $OpenBSD: checkbashisms.pl,v 1.2 2009/02/14 08:53:21 jasper Exp $
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# This script is essentially copied from /usr/share/lintian/checks/scripts,
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# which is:
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# Copyright (C) 1998 Richard Braakman
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# Copyright (C) 2002 Josip Rodin
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# This version is
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# Copyright (C) 2003 Julian Gilbey
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#
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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#
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program. If not, you can find it on the World Wide
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# Web at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html, or write to the Free
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# Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
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# MA 02111-1307, USA.
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use strict;
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use Getopt::Long;
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sub init_hashes;
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(my $progname = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
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my $usage = <<"EOF";
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Usage: $progname [-n] [-f] [-x] script ...
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or: $progname --help
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or: $progname --version
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This script performs basic checks for the presence of bashisms
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in /bin/sh scripts.
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EOF
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my $version = <<"EOF";
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This is $progname, from the Debian devscripts package, version ###VERSION###
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This code is copyright 2003 by Julian Gilbey <jdg\@debian.org>,
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based on original code which is copyright 1998 by Richard Braakman
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and copyright 2002 by Josip Rodin.
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This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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You are free to redistribute this code under the terms of the
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GNU General Public License, version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
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EOF
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my ($opt_echo, $opt_force, $opt_extra, $opt_posix);
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my ($opt_help, $opt_version);
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##
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## handle command-line options
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##
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$opt_help = 1 if int(@ARGV) == 0;
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GetOptions("help|h" => \$opt_help,
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"version|v" => \$opt_version,
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"newline|n" => \$opt_echo,
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"force|f" => \$opt_force,
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"extra|x" => \$opt_extra,
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"posix|p" => \$opt_posix,
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)
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or die "Usage: $progname [options] filelist\nRun $progname --help for more details\n";
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if ($opt_help) { print $usage; exit 0; }
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if ($opt_version) { print $version; exit 0; }
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$opt_echo = 1 if $opt_posix;
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my $status = 0;
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my $makefile = 0;
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my (%bashisms, %string_bashisms, %singlequote_bashisms);
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init_hashes;
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foreach my $filename (@ARGV) {
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my $check_lines_count = -1;
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if (!$opt_force) {
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$check_lines_count = script_is_evil_and_wrong($filename);
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}
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if ($check_lines_count == 0 or $check_lines_count == 1) {
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warn "script $filename does not appear to be a /bin/sh script; skipping\n";
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next;
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}
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if ($check_lines_count != -1) {
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warn "script $filename appears to be a shell wrapper; only checking the first "
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. "$check_lines_count lines\n";
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}
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unless (open C, "$filename") {
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warn "cannot open script $filename for reading: $!\n";
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$status |= 2;
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next;
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}
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my $cat_string = "";
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my $quote_string = "";
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my $last_continued = 0;
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my $continued = 0;
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my $found_rules = 0;
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while (<C>) {
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next unless ($check_lines_count == -1 or $. <= $check_lines_count);
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if ($. == 1) { # This should be an interpreter line
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if (m,^\#!\s*(\S+),) {
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my $interpreter = $1;
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if ($interpreter =~ m,/make$,) {
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init_hashes if !$makefile++;
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$makefile = 1;
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} else {
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init_hashes if $makefile--;
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$makefile = 0;
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}
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next if $opt_force;
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if ($interpreter =~ m,/bash$,) {
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warn "script $filename is already a bash script; skipping\n";
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$status |= 2;
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last; # end this file
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}
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elsif ($interpreter !~ m,/(sh|posh)$,) {
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### ksh/zsh?
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warn "script $filename does not appear to be a /bin/sh script; skipping\n";
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$status |= 2;
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last;
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}
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} else {
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warn "script $filename does not appear to have a \#! interpreter line;\nyou may get strange results\n";
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}
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}
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chomp;
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my $orig_line = $_;
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# We want to remove end-of-line comments, so need to skip
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# comments that appear inside balanced pairs
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# of single or double quotes
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# Remove comments in the "quoted" part of a line that starts
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# in a quoted block? The problem is that we have no idea
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# whether the program interpreting the block treats the
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# quote character as part of the comment or as a quote
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# terminator. We err on the side of caution and assume it
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# will be treated as part of the comment.
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# s/^(?:.*?[^\\])?$quote_string(.*)$/$1/ if $quote_string ne "";
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next if m,^\s*\#,; # skip comment lines
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# Remove quoted strings so we can more easily ignore comments
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# inside them
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s/(^|[^\\](?:\\\\)*)\'(?:\\.|[^\\\'])+\'/$1''/g;
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s/(^|[^\\](?:\\\\)*)\"(?:\\.|[^\\\"])+\"/$1""/g;
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# If the remaining string contains what looks like a comment,
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# eat it. In either case, swap the unmodified script line
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# back in for processing.
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if (m/(?:^|[^[\\])[\s\&;\(\)](\#.*$)/) {
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$_ = $orig_line;
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s/\Q$1\E//; # eat comments
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} else {
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$_ = $orig_line;
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}
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if ($makefile) {
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$last_continued = $continued;
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if (/[^\\]\\$/) {
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$continued = 1;
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} else {
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$continued = 0;
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}
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# Don't match lines that look like a rule if we're in a
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# continuation line before the start of the rules
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if (/^[\w%-]+:+\s.*?;?(.*)$/ and !($last_continued and !$found_rules)) {
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$found_rules = 1;
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$_ = $1 if $1;
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}
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last if m%^(export )?SHELL\s*:?=\s*(/bin/)?bash\s*%;
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s/^\t//;
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s/(\$){2}/$1/;
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s/^[\s\t]*@//;
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}
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if ($cat_string ne "" and m/^\Q$cat_string\E$/) {
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$cat_string = "";
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next;
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}
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my $within_another_shell = 0;
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if (m,(^|\s+)((/usr)?/bin/)?((b|d)?a|k|z|t?c)sh\s+-c\s*.+,) {
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$within_another_shell = 1;
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}
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# if cat_string is set, we are in a HERE document and need not
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# check for things
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if ($cat_string eq "" and !$within_another_shell) {
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my $found = 0;
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my $match = '';
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my $explanation = '';
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my $line = $_;
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# Remove "" / '' as they clearly aren't quoted strings
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# and not considering them makes the matching easier
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\'\')+/$1/g;
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\"\")+/$1/g;
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if ($quote_string ne "") {
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my $otherquote = ($quote_string eq "\"" ? "\'" : "\"");
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# Inside a quoted block
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if ($line =~ /(?:^|^.*?[^\\])$quote_string(.*)$/) {
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my $rest = $1;
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my $templine = $line;
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# Remove quoted strings delimited with $otherquote
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\])$otherquote[^$quote_string]*?[^\\]$otherquote/$1/g;
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# Remove quotes that are themselves quoted
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# "a'b"
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\])$otherquote.*?$quote_string.*?[^\\]$otherquote/$1/g;
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# "\""
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\])$quote_string\\$quote_string$quote_string/$1/g;
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# After all that, were there still any quotes left?
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my $count = () = $templine =~ /(^|[^\\])$quote_string/g;
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next if $count == 0;
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$count = () = $rest =~ /(^|[^\\])$quote_string/g;
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if ($count % 2 == 0) {
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# Quoted block ends on this line
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# Ignore everything before the closing quote
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$line = $rest || '';
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$quote_string = "";
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} else {
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next;
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}
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} else {
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# Still inside the quoted block, skip this line
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next;
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}
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}
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# Check even if we removed the end of a quoted block
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# in the previous check, as a single line can end one
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# block and begin another
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if ($quote_string eq "") {
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# Possible start of a quoted block
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for my $quote ("\"", "\'") {
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my $templine = $line;
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my $otherquote = ($quote eq "\"" ? "\'" : "\"");
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# Remove balanced quotes and their content
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\\"](?:\\\\)*)\'(?:\\.|[^\\\'])+\'/$1/g;
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\\'](?:\\\\)*)\"(?:\\.|[^\\\"])+\"/$1/g;
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# Don't flag quotes that are themselves quoted
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# "a'b"
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$templine =~ s/$otherquote.*?$quote.*?$otherquote//g;
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# "\""
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$templine =~ s/(^|[^\\])$quote\\$quote$quote/$1/g;
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my $count = () = $templine =~ /(^|[^\\])$quote/g;
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# If there's an odd number of non-escaped
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# quotes in the line it's almost certainly the
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# start of a quoted block.
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if ($count % 2 == 1) {
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$quote_string = $quote;
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$line =~ s/^(.*)$quote.*$/$1/;
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last;
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}
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}
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}
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# since this test is ugly, I have to do it by itself
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# detect source (.) trying to pass args to the command it runs
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# The first expression weeds out '. "foo bar"'
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if (not $found and
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not m/^\s*\.\s+(\"[^\"]+\"|\'[^\']+\')\s*(\&|\||\d?>|<|;|\Z)/
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and m/^\s*(\.\s+[^\s;\`:]+\s+([^\s;]+))/) {
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if ($2 =~ /^(\&|\||\d?>|<)/) {
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# everything is ok
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;
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} else {
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$found = 1;
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$match = $1;
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$explanation = "sourced script with arguments";
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, $explanation);
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}
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}
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# Remove "quoted quotes". They're likely to be inside
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# another pair of quotes; we're not interested in
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# them for their own sake and removing them makes finding
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# the limits of the outer pair far easier.
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\\'\"])\"\'\"/$1/g;
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\\'\"])\'\"\'/$1/g;
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while (my ($re,$expl) = each %singlequote_bashisms) {
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if ($line =~ m/($re)/) {
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$found = 1;
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$match = $1;
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$explanation = $expl;
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, $explanation);
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}
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}
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my $re='(?<![\$\\\])\$\'[^\']+\'';
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if ($line =~ m/(.*)($re)/){
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my $count = () = $1 =~ /(^|[^\\])\'/g;
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if( $count % 2 == 0 ) {
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, q<$'...' should be "$(printf '...')">);
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}
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}
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# $cat_line contains the version of the line we'll check
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# for heredoc delimiters later. Initially, remove any
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# spaces between << and the delimiter to make the following
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# updates to $cat_line easier.
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my $cat_line = $line;
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$cat_line =~ s/(<\<-?)\s+/$1/g;
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# Ignore anything inside single quotes; it could be an
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# argument to grep or the like.
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\\"](?:\\\\)*)\'(?:\\.|[^\\\'])+\'/$1''/g;
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# As above, with the exception that we don't remove the string
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# if the quote is immediately preceeded by a < or a -, so we
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# can match "foo <<-?'xyz'" as a heredoc later
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# The check is a little more greedy than we'd like, but the
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# heredoc test itself will weed out any false positives
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$cat_line =~ s/(^|[^<\\\"-](?:\\\\)*)\'(?:\\.|[^\\\'])+\'/$1''/g;
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$re='(?<![\$\\\])\$\"[^\"]+\"';
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if ($line =~ m/(.*)($re)/){
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my $count = () = $1 =~ /(^|[^\\])\"/g;
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if( $count % 2 == 0 ) {
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, q<$"foo" should be eval_gettext "foo">);
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}
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}
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while (my ($re,$expl) = each %string_bashisms) {
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if ($line =~ m/($re)/) {
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$found = 1;
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$match = $1;
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$explanation = $expl;
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, $explanation);
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}
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}
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# We've checked for all the things we still want to notice in
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# double-quoted strings, so now remove those strings as well.
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$line =~ s/(^|[^\\\'](?:\\\\)*)\"(?:\\.|[^\\\"])+\"/$1""/g;
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$cat_line =~ s/(^|[^<\\\'-](?:\\\\)*)\"(?:\\.|[^\\\"])+\"/$1""/g;
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while (my ($re,$expl) = each %bashisms) {
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if ($line =~ m/($re)/) {
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$found = 1;
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$match = $1;
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$explanation = $expl;
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output_explanation($filename, $orig_line, $explanation);
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}
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}
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# Only look for the beginning of a heredoc here, after we've
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# stripped out quoted material, to avoid false positives.
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if ($cat_line =~ m/(?:^|[^<])\<\<\-?\s*(?:[\\]?(\w+)|[\'\"](.*?)[\'\"])/) {
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$cat_string = $1;
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$cat_string = $2 if not defined $cat_string;
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}
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}
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}
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close C;
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}
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exit $status;
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sub output_explanation {
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my ($filename, $line, $explanation) = @_;
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warn "possible bashism in $filename line $. ($explanation):\n$line\n";
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$status |= 1;
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}
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# Returns non-zero if the given file is not actually a shell script,
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# just looks like one.
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sub script_is_evil_and_wrong {
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my ($filename) = @_;
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my $ret = -1;
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# lintian's version of this function aborts if the file
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# can't be opened, but we simply return as the next
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# test in the calling code handles reporting the error
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# itself
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open (IN, '<', $filename) or return $ret;
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my $i = 0;
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my $var = "0";
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my $backgrounded = 0;
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local $_;
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while (<IN>) {
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chomp;
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next if /^#/o;
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next if /^$/o;
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last if (++$i > 55);
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if (m~
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# the exec should either be "eval"ed or a new statement
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(^\s*|\beval\s*[\'\"]|(;|&&)\s*)
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# eat anything between the exec and $0
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exec\s*.+\s*
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# optionally quoted executable name (via $0)
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.?\$$var.?\s*
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# optional "end of options" indicator
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(--\s*)?
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# Match expressions of the form '${1+$@}', '${1:+"$@"',
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# '"${1+$@', "$@", etc where the quotes (before the dollar
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# sign(s)) are optional and the second (or only if the $1
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# clause is omitted) parameter may be $@ or $*.
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#
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# Finally the whole subexpression may be omitted for scripts
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# which do not pass on their parameters (i.e. after re-execing
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# they take their parameters (and potentially data) from stdin
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.?(\${1:?\+.?)?(\$(\@|\*))?~x) {
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$ret = $. - 1;
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last;
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} elsif (/^\s*(\w+)=\$0;/) {
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$var = $1;
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} elsif (m~
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# Match scripts which use "foo $0 $@ &\nexec true\n"
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# Program name
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\S+\s+
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# As above
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.?\$$var.?\s*
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(--\s*)?
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.?(\${1:?\+.?)?(\$(\@|\*))?.?\s*\&~x) {
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$backgrounded = 1;
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} elsif ($backgrounded and m~
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# the exec should either be "eval"ed or a new statement
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(^\s*|\beval\s*[\'\"]|(;|&&)\s*)
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exec\s+true(\s|\Z)~x) {
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$ret = $. - 1;
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last;
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}
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}
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close IN;
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return $ret;
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}
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sub init_hashes {
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my $LEADIN = qr'(?:(^|[`&;(|{])\s*|(if|then|do|while|shell)\s+)';
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%bashisms = (
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qr'(?:^|\s+)function \w+(\s|\(|\Z)' => q<'function' is useless>,
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$LEADIN . qr'select\s+\w+' => q<'select' is not POSIX>,
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qr'(test|-o|-a)\s*[^\s]+\s+==\s' =>
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q<should be 'b = a'>,
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qr'\[\s+[^\]]+\s+==\s' => q<should be 'b = a'>,
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qr'\s\|\&' => q<pipelining is not POSIX>,
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qr'[^\\\$]\{([^\s\\\}]*?,)+[^\\\}\s]*\}' =>
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q<brace expansion>,
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qr'(?:^|\s+)\w+\[\d+\]=' => q<bash arrays, H[0]>,
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$LEADIN . qr'read\s+(?:-[a-qs-zA-Z\d-]+)' => q<read with option other than -r>,
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$LEADIN . qr'read\s*(?:-\w+\s*)*(?:\".*?\"|[\'].*?[\'])?\s*(?:;|$)'
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=> q<read without variable>,
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|
$LEADIN . qr'echo\s+(-n\s+)?-n?en?\s' => q<echo -e>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'exec\s+-[acl]' => q<exec -c/-l/-a name>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'let\s' => q<let ...>,
|
|
qr'(?<![\$\(])\(\(.*\)\)' => q<'((' should be '$(('>,
|
|
qr'\$\[[^][]+\]' => q<'$[' should be '$(('>,
|
|
qr'(?:^|\s+)(\[|test)\s+-a' => q<test with unary -a (should be -e)>,
|
|
qr'\&>' => q<should be \>word 2\>&1>,
|
|
qr'(<\&|>\&)\s*((-|\d+)[^\s;|)`&\\\\]|[^-\d\s]+)' =>
|
|
q<should be \>word 2\>&1>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'kill\s+-[^sl]\w*' => q<kill -[0-9] or -[A-Z]>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'trap\s+["\']?.*["\']?\s+.*[1-9]' => q<trap with signal numbers>,
|
|
qr'\[\[(?!:)' => q<alternative test command ([[ foo ]] should be [ foo ])>,
|
|
qr'/dev/(tcp|udp)' => q</dev/(tcp|udp)>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'suspend\s' => q<suspend>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'caller\s' => q<caller>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'complete\s' => q<complete>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'compgen\s' => q<compgen>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'declare\s' => q<declare>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'typeset\s' => q<typeset>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'disown\s' => q<disown>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'builtin\s' => q<builtin>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'set\s+-[BHT]+' => q<set -[BHT]>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'alias\s+-p' => q<alias -p>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'unalias\s+-a' => q<unalias -a>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'local\s+-[a-zA-Z]+' => q<local -opt>,
|
|
qr'(?:^|\s+)\s*\(?\w*[^\(\w\s]+\S*?\s*\(\)\s*([\{|\(]|\Z)'
|
|
=> q<function names should only contain [a-z0-9_]>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'(push|pop)d(\s|\Z)' => q<(push|pod)d>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'export\s+-[^p]' => q<export only takes -p as an option>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'ulimit(\s|\Z)' => q<ulimit>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'shopt(\s|\Z)' => q<shopt>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'type\s' => q<type>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'time\s' => q<time>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'dirs(\s|\Z)' => q<dirs>,
|
|
qr'(?:^|\s+)[<>]\(.*?\)' => q<\<() process substituion>,
|
|
qr'(?:^|\s+)readonly\s+-[af]' => q<readonly -[af]>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'(sh|\$\{?SHELL\}?) -[rD]' => q<sh -[rD]>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'(sh|\$\{?SHELL\}?) --\w+' => q<sh --long-option>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'(sh|\$\{?SHELL\}?) [-+]O' => q<sh [-+]O>,
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
%string_bashisms = (
|
|
qr'\$\[\w+\]' => q<arithmetic not allowed>,
|
|
qr'\$\{\w+\:\d+(?::\d+)?\}' => q<${foo:3[:1]}>,
|
|
qr'\$\{!\w+[\@*]\}' => q<${!prefix[*|@]>,
|
|
qr'\$\{!\w+\}' => q<${!name}>,
|
|
qr'\$\{\w+(/.+?){1,2}\}' => q<${parm/?/pat[/str]}>,
|
|
qr'\$\{\#?\w+\[[0-9\*\@]+\]\}' => q<bash arrays, ${name[0|*|@]}>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?RANDOM\}?\b' => q<$RANDOM>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?(OS|MACH)TYPE\}?\b' => q<$(OS|MACH)TYPE>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?HOST(TYPE|NAME)\}?\b' => q<$HOST(TYPE|NAME)>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?DIRSTACK\}?\b' => q<$DIRSTACK>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?EUID\}?\b' => q<$EUID should be "$(id -u)">,
|
|
qr'\$\{?UID\}?\b' => q<$UID should be "$(id -ru)">,
|
|
qr'\$\{?SECONDS\}?\b' => q<$SECONDS>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?BASH_[A-Z]+\}?\b' => q<$BASH_SOMETHING>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?SHELLOPTS\}?\b' => q<$SHELLOPTS>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?PIPESTATUS\}?\b' => q<$PIPESTATUS>,
|
|
qr'\$\{?SHLVL\}?\b' => q<$SHLVL>,
|
|
qr'<<<' => q<\<\<\< here string>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'echo\s+(?:-[^e\s]+\s+)?\"[^\"]*(\\[\\abcEfnrtv0])+.*?[\"]' => q<unsafe echo with backslash>,
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
%singlequote_bashisms = (
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'echo\s+(?:-[^e\s]+\s+)?\'[^\']*(\\[\\abcEfnrtv0])+.*?[\']' => q<unsafe echo with backslash>,
|
|
$LEADIN . qr'source\s+[\"\']?(?:\.\/|\/|\$|[\w.-])[^\s]+' =>
|
|
q<should be '.', not 'source'>,
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
if ($opt_echo) {
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'echo\s+-[A-Za-z]*n'} = q<echo -n>;
|
|
}
|
|
if ($opt_posix) {
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'local\s+\w+(\s+\W|\s*[;&|)]|$)'} = q<local foo>;
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'local\s+\w+='} = q<local foo=bar>;
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'local\s+\w+\s+\w+'} = q<local x y>;
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'((?:test|\[)\s+.+\s-[ao])\s'} = q<test -a/-o>;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($makefile) {
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(\$\(|\`)\s*\<\s*([^\s\)]{2,}|[^DF])\s*(\)|\`)'} =
|
|
q<'$(\< foo)' should be '$(cat foo)'>;
|
|
} else {
|
|
$bashisms{$LEADIN . qr'\w+\+='} = q<should be VAR="${VAR}foo">;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(\$\(|\`)\s*\<\s*\S+\s*(\)|\`)'} = q<'$(\< foo)' should be '$(cat foo)'>;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($opt_extra) {
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'\$\{?BASH\}?\b'} = q<$BASH>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)RANDOM='} = q<RANDOM=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)(OS|MACH)TYPE='} = q<(OS|MACH)TYPE=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)HOST(TYPE|NAME)='} = q<HOST(TYPE|NAME)=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)DIRSTACK='} = q<DIRSTACK=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)EUID='} = q<EUID=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)UID='} = q<UID=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)BASH(_[A-Z]+)?='} = q<BASH(_SOMETHING)=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'(?:^|\s+)SHELLOPTS='} = q<SHELLOPTS=>;
|
|
$string_bashisms{qr'\$\{?POSIXLY_CORRECT\}?\b'} = q<$POSIXLY_CORRECT>;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|