diff --git a/common/log/internal/log_entry.go b/common/log/internal/log_entry.go
index 8e87d8910..44bbc1fbf 100644
--- a/common/log/internal/log_entry.go
+++ b/common/log/internal/log_entry.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/alloc"
+	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/serial"
 )
 
 type LogEntry interface {
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ func (this *ErrorLog) String() string {
 			b.AppendString(typedVal.String())
 		case error:
 			b.AppendString(typedVal.Error())
+		case []byte:
+			b.AppendString(serial.BytesToHexString(typedVal))
 		default:
 			b.AppendString(fmt.Sprint(value))
 		}
diff --git a/common/net/address.go b/common/net/address.go
index 2558f4a65..d05244b74 100644
--- a/common/net/address.go
+++ b/common/net/address.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/log"
-	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/serial"
+	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/predicate"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func IPAddress(ip []byte) Address {
 		var addr ipv4Address = [4]byte{ip[0], ip[1], ip[2], ip[3]}
 		return &addr
 	case net.IPv6len:
-		if serial.BytesT(ip[0:10]).All(0) && serial.BytesT(ip[10:12]).All(0xff) {
+		if predicate.BytesAll(ip[0:10], 0) && predicate.BytesAll(ip[10:12], 0xff) {
 			return IPAddress(ip[12:16])
 		}
 		var addr ipv6Address = [16]byte{
diff --git a/common/net/port.go b/common/net/port.go
index da3e34cc3..0b4ccb24a 100644
--- a/common/net/port.go
+++ b/common/net/port.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type Port uint16
 // PortFromBytes converts a byte array to a Port, assuming bytes are in big endian order.
 // @unsafe Caller must ensure that the byte array has at least 2 elements.
 func PortFromBytes(port []byte) Port {
-	return Port(serial.BytesT(port).Uint16Value())
+	return Port(serial.BytesToUint16(port))
 }
 
 // PortFromInt converts an integer to a Port.
diff --git a/common/predicate/arrays.go b/common/predicate/arrays.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b4427f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/predicate/arrays.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package predicate
+
+func BytesAll(array []byte, b byte) bool {
+	for _, v := range array {
+		if v != b {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/common/protocol/id_test.go b/common/protocol/id_test.go
index 5df9d87e5..f3edefbce 100644
--- a/common/protocol/id_test.go
+++ b/common/protocol/id_test.go
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package protocol_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/predicate"
 	. "github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/protocol"
-	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/serial"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/uuid"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/testing/assert"
 )
@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ func TestCmdKey(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.On(t)
 
 	id := NewID(uuid.New())
-	assert.Bool(serial.BytesT(id.CmdKey()).All(0)).IsFalse()
+	assert.Bool(predicate.BytesAll(id.CmdKey(), 0)).IsFalse()
 }
diff --git a/common/protocol/raw/commands.go b/common/protocol/raw/commands.go
index 01f4e9285..e86e9fab2 100644
--- a/common/protocol/raw/commands.go
+++ b/common/protocol/raw/commands.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func UnmarshalCommand(cmdId byte, data []byte) (protocol.ResponseCommand, error)
 		return nil, transport.ErrorCorruptedPacket
 	}
 	expectedAuth := Authenticate(data[4:])
-	actualAuth := serial.BytesT(data[:4]).Uint32Value()
+	actualAuth := serial.BytesToUint32(data[:4])
 	if expectedAuth != actualAuth {
 		return nil, transport.ErrorCorruptedPacket
 	}
diff --git a/common/protocol/raw/server.go b/common/protocol/raw/server.go
index b196bbdb6..43850d053 100644
--- a/common/protocol/raw/server.go
+++ b/common/protocol/raw/server.go
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (this *ServerSession) DecodeRequestHeader(reader io.Reader) (*protocol.Requ
 	fnv1a := fnv.New32a()
 	fnv1a.Write(buffer.Value[:bufferLen])
 	actualHash := fnv1a.Sum32()
-	expectedHash := serial.BytesT(buffer.Value[bufferLen : bufferLen+4]).Uint32Value()
+	expectedHash := serial.BytesToUint32(buffer.Value[bufferLen : bufferLen+4])
 
 	if actualHash != expectedHash {
 		return nil, transport.ErrorCorruptedPacket
diff --git a/common/serial/bytes.go b/common/serial/bytes.go
index c086933f7..26ac79ada 100644
--- a/common/serial/bytes.go
+++ b/common/serial/bytes.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package serial
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -14,52 +13,14 @@ func BytesToUint16(value []byte) uint16 {
 	return uint16(value[0])<<8 + uint16(value[1])
 }
 
-func BytesToHexString(value []byte) string {
-	strs := make([]string, len(value))
-	for i, b := range value {
-		strs[i] = hex.EncodeToString([]byte{b})
-	}
-	return "[" + strings.Join(strs, ",") + "]"
-}
-
-type BytesT []byte
-
-func (this BytesT) Value() []byte {
-	return []byte(this)
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) Equals(another BytesT) bool {
-	return bytes.Equal(this.Value(), another.Value())
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) Uint8Value() uint8 {
-	return this.Value()[0]
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) Uint16() Uint16Literal {
-	return Uint16Literal(this.Uint16Value())
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) Uint16Value() uint16 {
-	value := this.Value()
-	return uint16(value[0])<<8 + uint16(value[1])
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) IntValue() int {
-	value := this.Value()
-	return int(value[0])<<24 + int(value[1])<<16 + int(value[2])<<8 + int(value[3])
-}
-
-func (this BytesT) Uint32Value() uint32 {
-	value := this.Value()
+func BytesToUint32(value []byte) uint32 {
 	return uint32(value[0])<<24 +
 		uint32(value[1])<<16 +
 		uint32(value[2])<<8 +
 		uint32(value[3])
 }
 
-func (this BytesT) Int64Value() int64 {
-	value := this.Value()
+func BytesToInt64(value []byte) int64 {
 	return int64(value[0])<<56 +
 		int64(value[1])<<48 +
 		int64(value[2])<<40 +
@@ -70,17 +31,10 @@ func (this BytesT) Int64Value() int64 {
 		int64(value[7])
 }
 
-// String returns a string presentation of this ByteLiteral
-func (this BytesT) String() string {
-	return string(this.Value())
-}
-
-// All returns true if all bytes in the ByteLiteral are the same as given value.
-func (this BytesT) All(v byte) bool {
-	for _, b := range this {
-		if b != v {
-			return false
-		}
+func BytesToHexString(value []byte) string {
+	strs := make([]string, len(value))
+	for i, b := range value {
+		strs[i] = hex.EncodeToString([]byte{b})
 	}
-	return true
+	return "[" + strings.Join(strs, ",") + "]"
 }
diff --git a/proxy/http/server.go b/proxy/http/server.go
index f12d33b33..bf365bc93 100644
--- a/proxy/http/server.go
+++ b/proxy/http/server.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	v2io "github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/io"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/log"
 	v2net "github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/net"
-	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/serial"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/proxy"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/proxy/internal"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/transport/hub"
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ func (this *HttpProxyServer) handlePlainHTTP(request *http.Request, dest v2net.D
 
 	requestBuffer := alloc.NewBuffer().Clear() // Don't release this buffer as it is passed into a Packet.
 	request.Write(requestBuffer)
-	log.Debug("Request to remote:\n", serial.BytesT(requestBuffer.Value))
+	log.Debug("Request to remote:\n", requestBuffer.Value)
 
 	ray := this.packetDispatcher.DispatchToOutbound(dest)
 	ray.InboundInput().Write(requestBuffer)
diff --git a/proxy/shadowsocks/ota.go b/proxy/shadowsocks/ota.go
index cd692f8ce..9de61c20d 100644
--- a/proxy/shadowsocks/ota.go
+++ b/proxy/shadowsocks/ota.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package shadowsocks
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/hmac"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"io"
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func (this *ChunkReader) Read() (*alloc.Buffer, error) {
 	}
 	// There is a potential buffer overflow here. Large buffer is 64K bytes,
 	// while uin16 + 10 will be more than that
-	length := serial.BytesT(buffer.Value[:2]).Uint16Value() + AuthSize
+	length := serial.BytesToUint16(buffer.Value[:2]) + AuthSize
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(this.reader, buffer.Value[:length]); err != nil {
 		buffer.Release()
 		return nil, err
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ func (this *ChunkReader) Read() (*alloc.Buffer, error) {
 	payload := buffer.Value[AuthSize:]
 
 	actualAuthBytes := this.auth.Authenticate(nil, payload)
-	if !serial.BytesT(authBytes).Equals(serial.BytesT(actualAuthBytes)) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(authBytes, actualAuthBytes) {
 		buffer.Release()
 		log.Debug("AuthenticationReader: Unexpected auth: ", authBytes)
 		return nil, transport.ErrorCorruptedPacket
diff --git a/proxy/shadowsocks/protocol.go b/proxy/shadowsocks/protocol.go
index 04f228d79..fc8a9e21d 100644
--- a/proxy/shadowsocks/protocol.go
+++ b/proxy/shadowsocks/protocol.go
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package shadowsocks
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"io"
 
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/alloc"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/log"
 	v2net "github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/net"
-	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/common/serial"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/proxy"
 	"github.com/v2ray/v2ray-core/transport"
 )
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func ReadRequest(reader io.Reader, auth *Authenticator, udp bool) (*Request, err
 
 	if request.OTA {
 		actualAuth := auth.Authenticate(nil, buffer.Value[0:lenBuffer])
-		if !serial.BytesT(actualAuth).Equals(serial.BytesT(authBytes)) {
+		if !bytes.Equal(actualAuth, authBytes) {
 			log.Debug("Shadowsocks: Invalid OTA. Expecting ", actualAuth, ", but got ", authBytes)
 			log.Warning("Shadowsocks: Invalid OTA.")
 			return nil, proxy.ErrorInvalidAuthentication
diff --git a/proxy/vmess/io/reader.go b/proxy/vmess/io/reader.go
index 6663d4bba..4c59f8856 100644
--- a/proxy/vmess/io/reader.go
+++ b/proxy/vmess/io/reader.go
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ func (this *AuthChunkReader) Read() (*alloc.Buffer, error) {
 			}
 		}
 		log.Debug("VMess Reader: raw buffer: ", buffer.Value)
-		length := serial.BytesT(buffer.Value[:2]).Uint16Value()
+		length := serial.BytesToUint16(buffer.Value[:2])
 		this.chunkLength = int(length) - 4
-		this.validator = NewValidator(serial.BytesT(buffer.Value[2:6]).Uint32Value())
+		this.validator = NewValidator(serial.BytesToUint32(buffer.Value[2:6]))
 		buffer.SliceFrom(6)
 	} else if buffer.Len() < this.chunkLength {
 		_, err := buffer.FillFrom(this.reader)