
		Welcome to the OpenBSD ports collection.  
	For more information on the OpenBSD ports tree please visit
        	   http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html
	For general information on the OpenBSD tree please visit
			http://www.openbsd.org


Contacts
========
* individual ports list a 
MAINTAINER=  
line in their Makefile.  
* specific issues related to the ports framework (e.g., bugs in
bsd.port.mk)  should go to ports-admin@openbsd.org
* ports without explicit maintainers, and other general issues should
go to ports@openbsd.org

Considering the size of the ports tree, and even though we strive to
eradicate all bugs, things may go wrong on invidual ports.  
In such a case, as a general rule, try to contact the MAINTAINER first.  
If nothing happens after a reasonable delay, start plaguing him, 
or go to the next step.

Developpers with a major investment in the ports tree include
brad@cvs.openbsd.org, turan@cvs.openbsd.org, espie@cvs.openbsd.org

Those people can be contacted to put some pressure on a lazy maintainer.
But we do read ports@openbsd.org, so...

The ports tree
==============
The ports tree usually live under /usr/ports. It's a hierarchical
list of recipes to build various pieces of software.
We'll call that PORTSDIR in the following discussion.
Stuff that doesn't constitue a port proper, but rather paraphernalia,
is stored under /usr/ports/infrastructure, INFRA in the following
discussion.

The main Makefile, PORTSDIR/Makefile, can be used to obtain various
information.

* make search key=<keyword>
will locate ports that match the given keyword in the Index and print
information about them.

* make index
can be used to rebuild that INDEX, normally useful after you update your
ports dir through cvs.

* make readmes
will populate the ports tree with a set of html indices.

The script INFRA/build/out-of-date will find
discrepancies between your installed packages and the INDEX. This might
give you an hint as to what you would need to rebuild to update a machine.

Some useful `make' trivia
=========================
* if you always use some make variables, e.g., DISTDIR, CLEANDEPENDS, or
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE you can put this in your local make configuration 
file instead: /etc/mk.conf.
* starting with 2.6, make can deal with case issues, so CLEANDEPENDS=Yes
or CLEANDEPENDS=YES or even CLEANDEPENDS=yEs should be equivalent.
* the make process uses some subroutines out of /usr/share/mk. Starting
with 2.6, the `port' subroutines live in INFRA/mk.
The bsd.port.mk and bsd.port.subdir.mk in /usr/share/mk are only stubs
that redirect to those files.

Building a port
===============
It's usually as simple as 
cd category/portname && make && make install

That specific `make' will normally
* resolve dependencies and go out to install required ports recursively
* fetch the software source (`distfiles' and `distribution patches') 
from the available media into your repository
* extract the source
* apply distribution patches and OpenBSD patches
* build the program

`make install' will
* install the software on your system
* log the installation so that later pkg_info or pkg_delete can deal with
the software.

Some ports can have some options, or demand that you make some choice 
before building, e.g.,
cd /usr/ports/security/ssh 
make all install USA_RESIDENT=no

Some ports may prompt you for more choice, or give you important
information about ports building.  Likewise, installing or uninstalling
a port may give you useful information. READ IT.

You can also use
* `make uninstall' to remove the installed software (same as pkg_delete)
* `make package' to convert the installed software into a binary `package'
(a tar ball that you can share with other machines with the same
configuration, contribute to the ftp project, or that you can backup 
separately). Packages normally end up in /usr/ports/packages, overridable
with PACKAGE.
* `make fetch-list' to build a small shell-script that should be able to
retrieve the missing distfiles and distribution patches for the given port.
* `make clean' to remove all scaffolding after the port is built and
installed.
* `make distclean' to also remove distfiles and distribution patches 
from the repository
* `make clean CLEANDEPENDS=Yes' will also remove sub ports that have been
recursively built.
* `make distclean CLEANDEPENDS=Yes', guess what this does.

Please note that, in normal use, the OpenBSD ports tree will grow quite
a lot.  Careful use of make clean and make distclean will help you. You
can also redirect ports activity elsewhere by making use of WRKOBJDIR
and DISTDIR.  `find /usr/ports -type d -name work\* -print' 
can be useful to find out ports you forgot to clean out.

There are a few kinks in the building of ports with options yet. Namely,
all such ports should produce distinct package names if built with
different options.  Also, there is no check for consistency between
make and make install. Taking the ssh example again,
make USA_RESIDENT=No
make install USA_RESIDENT=Yes
won't be flagged as an error...

Where do the distfiles come from
================================
Retrieving distfiles is a subpart of `make' that can be invoked separately
as `make fetch'.

Starting with 2.6, the fetch process is configurable by editing 
INFRA/db/network.conf.

The ports tree does store files it retrieves in a repository area,
normally /usr/ports/distfiles (defined as DISTDIR=${PORTSDIR}/distfiles;
you can override this if you need; e.g., assuming you've got a cdrom
full of distfiles mounted under /cdrom, you can make stuff with 
DISTDIR=/cdrom/distfiles, provided all the distfiles are available on
the CD-Rom).

If the file is found in the repository, the build process continues.
In some rare cases, vendors change their archive contents without changing
the archive name, so the file in the repository may end up having a wrong
checksum. Or, if you aborted a network transfer, the file in the repository
may be truncated, and end up having a wrong checksum again. In such a case,
manual intervention is required (it was deemed that such problems may need
human expertise and that blindly removing distfiles was not a good idea).
It's usually as simple as deleting the offending file, or doing a 
make distclean.

To avoid building from corrupted archives, the ports tree holds checksums
for almost all files it retrieves from other media (a few ports ignore 
checksums from the files listed in IGNOREFILES).
Those are strong cryptographic checksums: sha1, rmd160, and md5, 
in that order.  See CIPHERS and PREFERRED_CIPHERS in 
INFRA/mk/bsd.port.mk for details.

If the directory /cdrom/distfiles exist, available distfiles are copied
off that directory to your repository.  You can avoid the copy overhead
by defining FETCH_SYMLINK_DISTFILES.  You can give another location for
the distfiles as CDROM_SITE.

OpenBSD `ftp' command is normally used to fetch distfiles off the net,
so all file addresses are given in URL format.
Each port uses its own set of sites, and there should also be backups of
the distribution files on ftp.openbsd.org.  MASTER_SITE_BACKUP holds an
overridable list of backup sites, normally
ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/licensed/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/

You can ask the fetch process to try to retrieve files from those sites first
by setting MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE, e.g., 
make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE='${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}'

You can retrieve file from the OpenBSD site only with
make MASTER_SITE_OPENBSD=Yes

Continuing our CD-Rom example, you could also fetch files off a CD-Rom into
your repository for safe-keeping by using the following incantation:
make fetch MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE='file:/cdrom/${DIST_SUBDIR}/' 
This is equivalent to using CDROM_SITE.

Some common sites have their own variables. It is strongly recommended
that you edit the INFRA/db/network.conf file for
your site.

Please refer to that file for a complete list, and address lists 
(those are not exhaustive). Those include:
MASTER_SITE_GNU			FSF and other GPL programs
MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB		X11 contributed software
MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE		Sunsite site and mirror, major linux archive
MASTER_SITE_GNOME		Gnome
MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN		Comprehensive perl archive network
MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN		Comprehensive TeX archive network
MASTER_SITE_KDE			KDE
MASTER_SITE_TCLTK		Tcl/Tk
MASTER_SITE_AFTERSTEP		AfterStep
MASTER_SITE_WINDOWMAKER		WindowMaker

There is a backup copy of that file in
INFRA/templates/network.conf.template.

In case you don't have a permanent network connection, 
`make fetch-list' should provide you with a shell script you can use to
retrieve distfiles you're missing to build a given port.

(TODO: improve and systematize fetch-all)

Building several ports
======================
Each category directory holds a Makefile that propagates commands to
its sub ports, e.g., if you cd /usr/ports/audio && make, this should
build all ports under /usr/ports/audio.

A more useful command is the
INFRA/build/find-build-order script.
You normally prepare a list of the ports you want to build, in the same
format as  INFRA/db/essentials, and pass it to find-build-order like
this:
cd /usr/ports/infrastructure
cat db/essentials|build/find-build-order
This yields a sorted list of the required ports.

(Todo: provide for a script which builds everything we want)

You can filter ports that require interaction out with
make BATCH=yes

Likewise, make FOR_CDROM=yes, make NO_RESTRICTED=yes 
will yield only the ports with the required level of liberty.

Files Summary
=============
/usr/ports (PORTSDIR): 
	the whole port collection
/usr/ports/<category>/<portname>:
	where to find a given port
/usr/ports/INDEX:
	all distfiles, rebuilt with make index
/usr/ports/README.html
/usr/ports/<category>/README.html
/usr/ports/<category>/<portname>/README.html:
	www indices produced by make readmes
/usr/ports/distfiles (DISTFILES):
	repository for distribution files and distribution patches
/cdrom/distfiles (CDROM_SITE):
	standard location for distfiles off a CD
/usr/ports/packages (PACKAGES):
	where binary packages are built (by category. Normally everything
	ends up under All, with symlinks for each category)
/usr/ports/<category>/<portname>/work:
	where the ports mechanism does the building. This is normally a
	real directory, but you can set WRKOBJDIR to point to another
	base which is not /usr/ports, and work/ will  be a link to
	${WRKOBJDIR}/category/portname/work.  This can be useful to
	mount a master /usr/ports directory by NFS on several
	architectures. Normally, you first 
	cd /usr/ports && make WRKOBJDIR=path obj 
	on the master machine, which creates the symbolic links, so that
	you can mount your master /usr/ports read-only.
/usr/ports/<category>/<portname>/pkg/SECURITY:
	information relative to a security audit of the port.  Usually
	missing.
/usr/ports/infrastructure:
	paraphernalia around the ports tree
/usr/ports/db/network.conf:
	your local network configuration (ftp sites)
/var/db/pkg:
	installed ports, see pkg_add(1).
/usr/local (LOCALBASE):
	where normal ports install themselves.
/usr/X11R6 (X11BASE):
	where ports with a large dependency on X11 install themselves.

Other tweaks
============
FORCE_PACKAGE: force package building.  Some ports can't be distributed
as packages for legal reasons, but you may wish to build a package for
your private consumption.
HAVE_MOTIF: set in /etc/mk.conf if we own a copy of the real thing.
MOTIF_STATIC: set in /etc/mk.conf to use a static version of the Motif
library only.
NO_MTREE: don't run mtree before installing a port. This is a dangerous
option.
NO_PKG_REGISTER: used for make install, don't register port under
/var/db/pkg.   This is a dangerous option.
FORCE_PACKAGE_REGISTER: override an existing port (the <pkgname> is already
installed message). You will end up with several flavors of the same
package.  This is a dangerous option, as this will probably erase the other
port.
NO_IGNORE: coerce fetch, build, install... into doing their job even though
there might be a good reason not to. Good reasons include BROKEN,
ONLY_FOR_ARCH, IS_INTERACTIVE in BATCH mode, NO_CDROM in FOR_CDROM... This
is a dangerous option.

Keeping up with the Jones, ports as a moving target
===================================================
The OpenBSD ports tree is growing from release to release. It needs
people to write and test new ports.
Like for src, you can choose to live on the bleeding edge by updating 
your ports dir thru cvs or ftp, and contribute bug-reports.

If you prefer to stay with a stable release, we try to make sure
the distfiles for a given release stay on the OpenBSD site between
releases.

No matter how fast we update the tree it seems that we are always
behind.  For this reason you will sometimes find a port that is
marked as BROKEN.  If you try to build the port you will see a
message something like:

   ===> xxx-1.0 is marked as broken: newer version available.

This means we know there is a newer version of the application but
have not yet had time to update the port.  If you get this message
all may not be lost.  If the old sources are still available (and
this is often the case) you can force a build using the old sources
using the command:

	make NO_IGNORE=yes
	sudo make NO_IGNORE=yes install

If you're feeling generous a better solution is to update the port
to use the new sources and feed the changes back to the project.
If you are interested in contributing (or creating a new port)
please visit

	http://www.openbsd.org/porting.html

$OpenBSD: README,v 1.8 1999/10/07 16:44:28 espie Exp $
