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Thomas Levine
27b5e88bde test stubs 2015-08-21 09:06:57 -04:00
212 changed files with 450 additions and 2721 deletions

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[submodule "website"]
path = website
url = git@github.com:scraperwiki/urchin-website

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Authors
-------
David Jones
Michael Klement
Thomas Levine
Maintainer
-------
Thomas Levine <_@thomaslevine.com>

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COPYING
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HISTORY
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HISTORY
=======
Version 0.2.0 (unstable)
---------------------
### Cross-OS testing
I have started testing Urchin across multiple operating systems.
This gives access to more shells, as some shels are easier to install on
certain operating systems.
With this cross-OS test suite, I have extended support to more shells.
A later version of Urchin could include a remote testing feature.
Version 0.1.0 (stable)
---------------------
This release includes breaking changes.
### Test root directory
We introduce a concept of the root directory of a test suite.
Such a concept is important in case you want to run subsets of your
test suite, as we need to know how far up to apply the setup
and teardown files.
The Urchin root directory is determined by moving higher in the directory
tree in search of a file named `.urchin_root`.
The closest directory that contains such a file is considered the root.
In the following filesystem, for example, `/a/b/c` would be the root.
mkdir -p /a/b/c/d
touch /a/b/c/d/e
chmod +x /a/b/c/d/e
touch /a/b/c/.urchin_root
urchin /a/b/c/d
There are two situations in which we would stop looking without having
found a `.urchin_root` file.
1. The system root, `/`, because we can't go any higher
2. A directory that starts with a dot, because an urchin call on a higher
directory would ignore such a directory
In either of these cases, Urchin uses the user-specified directory as
the root; this is how Urchin `0.0.*` worked.
### Molly guard
The Molly-guard works differently because it now considers the test suite
root directory. The point of the Molly-guard originally was to protect
you from things like this.
urchin /
Urchin would run fine if called on a directory named something like "test",
urchin test
and it would fail on directories named something else, like `/`.
Unfortunately, it would also fail on directories like this.
urchin test/database
It now now looks instead at the basename of the test suite root directory and
otherwise ignores the entered directory. Urchin runs without error if the basename contains the phrase "test".
As before, you can override the Molly guard with `-f`.
urchin -f build-scripts
### Consolidation of temporary files in /tmp
All of Urchin's temporary files are now stored in /tmp. Urchin previously
created `.urchin.log` files alongside the tests, which led to such
inconveniences as accidentally commiting them to version control repositories.
This also means that Urchin will keep all of its temporary files in RAM
if you mount a tmpfs on /tmp. On large test suites you may find the tmpfs
to be slightly faster than slower storage media like solid-state drives.
### Skipping of tests
Previously, tests were run if they were executable and were otherwise marked
as skipped. Now, an executable script can indicate that it is skipped by
exiting with code 3. For example, if a test requires some dependancy, it
might look for the dependency and then skip if it does not see the dependency.
It might look like this.
#!/bin/sh
if ! which inkscape; then
exit 3 # status code 3 for skip
fi
inkscape blah blah ...
I chose status code 3 sort of arbitrarily at first, but it turns out that it
would the appropriate status code if these tests were Nagios plugins, as the
concept of skipping a test is similar to the Nagios concept of unknown service
status (https://nagios-plugins.org/doc/guidelines.html#AEN78).
### Parallel test execution
Tests now run in parallel when possible.
Parallel processes come about in two situations when parallel execution is
turned on.
1. All files and immediate subdirectories of one particular directory
are run in parallel. This happens recursively; during the execution
of each particular subdirectory, that subdirectory's children are
also run in parallel.
2. When cycling of shells is enabled, execution of a particular file in
different shells are run parellel.
Parallel processing and shell cycling are both enabled by default.
You may want make only some directories run in series, you can create
".urchin_dir" files in those directories.
If .urchin_dir contains the phrase "series", run that directory in series
rather than in parallel.
This is helpful when directories actually need to run in series
and also when running all your tests in parallel crashes your computer.
### Options
Long options are now available for all command line flags.
For example, the `-s` flag is now available as `--shell` as well.
See the help for the full list.
urchin -h
### Copyrights
Some people had contributed to Urchin but had not been added to the copyright
notice. I have updated the copyright notice to include everyone whom I believe
to have contributed patches.
### License
I, Thomas Levine, have switched the previous BSD-style license for the Afferro
Gnu Public License (AGPL) after determining that the added restrictions in the
AGPL shouldn't have any practical legal consequences for people who want to
use Urchin. I did not get approval from the other authors as I believe the
licenses to be compatible. Here are the considerations that I considered.
#### History
ScraperWiki owns the original version of Urchin (Thomas Levine did the early
work as part of his work for ScraperWiki.) and originally licensed it under a
BSD-style license with the advertising clauses removed. (This makes it a
"2-clause BSD license", similar to the FreeBSD license.) We had the previous
license just because that's what ScraperWiki put on everything.
Other people made changes after this original ScraperWiki version. As of
January 2016, they are just Thomas Levine (when he wasn't working for
ScraperWiki) and Michael Klement.
The 2-clause BSD license grants pretty much all rights. It says that you need
to attribute when you redistribute source code, but you don't necessarily have
to redistribute source code.
#### License compatibility
A copyleft license adds the restriction that modified versions of the code
need to be licensed under the same license. GNU licenses in particular require
that source code be released if non-source versions are released, and the
different GNU licenses differ in what how the non-source version is defined.
(The original, GPL, discusses compiled binaries, for example.) Copyleft
doesn't mean anything specific for commercial use.
Code licensed under the 2-clause BSD license can be modified and then licensed
as AGPL, because the 2-clause BSD license license allows that, but AGPL code
can't be modified as 2-clause BSD, because AGPL doesn't allow that.
Of course, if we get all of the authors to agree on it, we can always add
whatever crazy license we want, regardless of what we have already.
#### Practical differences
The distinction between the permissive 2-clause BSD license and the AGPL seem
to matter quite little in the case of Urchin.
1. Urchin is written in an interpreted language (shell), so it would be
hard to distribute usefully without providing the source code.
2. Urchin usually just runs tests; it doesn't get compiled with the rest of
the code (also because it's in shell). Thus, I think a GPL license on Urchin
wouldn't infect the code being tested.
### Specification of the shell to run tests in
Urchin previously had separate methods for setting the TEST_SHELL environment
variable and for setting the shell that would run the tests; the former was
set as an environment variable, and the latter was set with the -s flag..
Urchin now uses the -s flag for both of these settings, and it mostly ignores
the exported TEST_SHELL variable.
If you pass -n/--disable-cycling, Urchin will invoke tests ordinarily and will
only set the TEST_SHELL variable if it does not exist. If the TEST_SHELL
variable is absent, it will be set to /bin/sh.
Here is how you should write your tests for cross-shell testing, depending on
their structure.
* If you want a test file to run in the same shell every time and to have
access to the TEST_SHELL variable, usually for invoking the program that
you are testing, then set the file's shebang line.
* If you want a test file to be run in a different shell every time, do not
set the shebang line. TEST_SHELL variable will be set to correspond with the
shell that is presently invoking the test file, though you probably won't
need this variable.
* If you want a test file to have access to a TEST_SHELL variable that you
set yourself, pass -n/--disable-cycling to urchin. Urchin will ignore the
shebang lines in this case.
### Source setup and teardown
setup, teardown, setup_dir, and teardown_dir are now sourced instead of
executed; they are referenced a bit like this.
(
. ./setup
./$thetestfile
. ./teardown
)
My intent is that you should be able to export variables in the setup files.
I think it would be fine to invoke the teardown files instead of sourcing them,
but I chose to source them anyway for consistency.
The disadvantage of this, and the reason I have been reluctant to do it,
is that these files now become much harder to debug, so I recommend keeping
your setup and teardown files very simple. I recommend either of the following
strategies if your setup file gets complicated.
1. Rename it to something starting with a dot, and explicitly source it
in your test file.
2. Export a path in your setup file, rewrite your setup file as a shell
program, and put the rewritten file in your path.
### Run on a file
Previously you could run urchin only on a directory (and, in turn, all files
in that directory). Now you can run Urchin on a single file.
This occurred to me when I wanted to run
urchin test/fast/Unit\ tests/nvm_ls_current
on the nvm tests. I wound up running this instead.
urchin test/fast/Unit\ tests/ | grep nvm_ls_current
But now I don't have to; the first of these commands will work.
When you run urchin on a file, the test suite root is determined (as with any
other Urchin call), and the test suite is recursively descended. Setup and
teardown files are sourced, and everything but the specified test file is
otherwise ignored.
If you don't explicitly specify the Urchin root with a .urchin_root file, we
consider the test suite root directory to be the parent of the file that
you ran Urchin on.
### Verbose output
### Timing
Urchin now reports the time, in seconds, that each test took and also the
total time that it took to run the whole test suite.
Urchin also allows you to set timeouts, in seconds, with the --timeout flag.
If you set a timeout flag and a test file takes longer to run, that run will
be killed, and the test will thus fail. The standard error message from the
timeout program will show up in the test output.
Both of these timers use the real time (not the CPU time for example),
so the times are not very precise and may be much larger than you expect.
Version 0.0.6
---------------------
* Produce TAP output with the -t flag.
* Add a + sign in front of directories in the normal output so that they
line up with non-directories.
* Display skipped tests in the normal output and in the TAP output.
* Correct some things in the documentation.
* Rearrange things in the documentation to be more clear.
* Pass the -e flag to exit urchin if any single test fails.
* Remove the undocumented, experimental -x flag now that shall exists.
* Display version number with the -v flag.
* Document why Urchin is called "Urchin"
* Update TODO
* Support mksh (Change a printf command.)
* Make long lines shorter.
These changes are made somewhat separately in the branches "exit-on-fail",
"remove-urchin-x", "tap", and "update-readme". They are rebased into one
branch, "tlevine-2016-02", for merging into "master".
-------
Version 0.0.5
---------------------

8
LICENCE Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
Copyright (c) 2012, ScraperWiki Limited
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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.PHONY: test install
test:
./urchin tests
./urchin -s sh -v ./cross-os-tests
install:
cp ./urchin /usr/bin

294
TODO
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Things I want
=============
Wider testing
--------------
Test in other environments
* Specify a few different ones with Nix.
* Some sort of BSD
* Windows
Packaging
------------
Package for package managers.
* I want NixOS, of course.
* Debian is probably the big one.
Other interesting package managers
* Update the npm package
* Homebrew (for Mac)
Windows
----------
Try running Urchin in Windows somehow. Interpreters include
* CygWin (https://www.cygwin.com/)
* https://cygwin.com/setup-x86.exe
* MSYS (http://mingw.org/wiki/msys)
* GNU on Windows (https://github.com/bmatzelle/gow/wiki)
* Git for Windows (https://git-scm.com/download/win)
* https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/download/v2.7.2.windows.1/Git-2.7.2-32-bit.exe
* win-bash (http://win-bash.sourceforge.net/)
shall
----------
Add shall to my NYC*BUG talk.
#!/usr/bin/env shall
echo This runs in several shells.
Linters
-----------
List some shell linters somewhere.
* ShellCheck
* checkbashisms
Rename to something other than "test"?
----------
Maybe wait until I have a use for this.
More sort alternatives
-----------
awk
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20250937/sorting-lines-in-a-file-alphabetically-using-awk-and-or-sed
bash
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7442417/how-to-sort-an-array-in-bash
Alternatives
--------------
JSON.sh test suite
Running in multiple environments
-----------------------------------
Setup for other environments includes the following.
* Installing packages
* `touch .zshrc`
* Copy urchin and tests
Fixtures
------------
I want to change the way that fixtures are done.
Instead of using setup, teardown, &c., use ordinary programs from within
your tests. For example.
# tests/.fixtures/tmp-dir
tmp=$(mktemp -d)
cd $tmp
@$
code=$?
cd /
rm -Rf $tmp
exit $code
# tests/blah
../.fixtures/tmp-dir 'blah blah blah'
It's best if I can wrap a bunch of commands in braces or paratheses
rather than just one command. Is there a nice way to do that?
Once I have this new way, I guess I might as well keep the old way.
I think the setup, teardown thing can be easier if you only have simple
fixtures. And since I'm going to keep it, I'm going to add another one.
* setup_dir runs once for the present directory.
* setup_children runs once for each child.
* setup_file runs once for each file descendent.
The present `setup` is renamed to `setup_children`, and the new
`setup_file` runs on each file (not directory) that is a child,
grandchild, great-grandchild, and so on.
Dependency checking
----------------------
You might want to skip tests based on dependencies. Currently you can
conditionally skip tests one at a time by exiting with code 3. I want to
be able to skip an entire directory.
So we add a new magic file called `dep`. If it exists, it is run before
everything else in the directory.
* If it exits with code 0, tests continue as if dep did not exist.
* If it exits with code 3, all tests in the directory are marked as
skipped.
* If it exits with code 1, all tests in the directory are marked as
failed. To make the implementation easier, I'll probably treat the
directory as a single test in this case.
A note on magic files
-------------------------
It is nice to have access to things like setup and dep (magic files)
once in a while, but you need to be doing rather substantial testing
before they make your test suite simpler; the documentation should
strongly recommend writing your tests without magic files and then
refactoring and only then considering moving things to magic files.
Remote testing
----------------
In order to test Urchin across multiple operating systems, I have
already added tests in Urchin's test suite that run Urchin tests in
remote servers. I would like to move this to Urchin itself so that
Urchin can test other things on remote servers.
Urchin's output presently looks like this.
Cycling with the following shells: sh bash dash mksh zsh
Running tests at 2016-04-07T12:33:49
Flags/
> --timeout output
. bash (0 seconds)
. dash (0 seconds)
. mksh (0 seconds)
. sh (0 seconds)
. zsh (0 seconds)
Done, took 1 second.
5 tests passed.
0 tests skipped.
0 tests failed.
After the change, the output should look like this.
Cycling with the following shells: sh dash mksh
Running tests at 2016-04-07T12:33:49
Flags/
> --timeout output
. dash on localhost (0 seconds)
. dash on localhost:8080 (0 seconds)
. dash on tlevine@hpux.polarhome.com (0 seconds)
. mksh on localhost (0 seconds)
. mksh on tlevine@hpux.polarhome.com (0 seconds)
. sh on localhost (0 seconds)
. sh on localhost:8080 (0 seconds)
. sh on tlevine@hpux.polarhome.com (0 seconds)
Done, took 1 second.
8 tests passed.
0 tests skipped.
0 tests failed.
This is just how the output should look; the tests run in whatever order
makes sense.
Bugs
-------
Both md5sum and md5 should be supported.
Trouble logging in to hpux, irix, miros, netbsd, tru64, qnx, ....
$ rsync -e 'ssh -p 785' urchin tlevine@hpux.polarhome.com:.blah
HP-UX hpux.polarhome.com B.11.11 U 9000/785 (ta)
Welcome to HPUX/PA... member of polarhome.com realm
bash: rsync: command not found
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: remote command not found (code 127) at io.c(226)
[sender=3.1.1]
OpenIndiana grep does not support -q
I get `/urchin: syntax error at line 84: \`}' unexpected` on
unixware and solaris.
mktemp
> tlevine@hpux.polarhome.com -p 785
F sh (8 seconds)
|
| HP-UX hpux.polarhome.com B.11.11 U 9000/785 (ta)
| Welcome to HPUX/PA... member of polarhome.com realm
|
|
| HP-UX hpux.polarhome.com B.11.11 U 9000/785 (ta)
| Welcome to HPUX/PA... member of polarhome.com realm
|
| mktemp: option requires an argument -- d
| ./urchin[96]: /tmp/tlevinea21441/log: Cannot create the specified file.
date
tlevine@hpux64$ ./urchin tests/ -n -vv
date: bad format character - s
So I need a portable seconds-from epoch
I also need to handle when no arguments are passed to urchin.
Exit code is wrong for which on HP-UX
## `$(...)`
Solaris doesn't support `$(...)`; you need `\`...\`` instead.
tlevine@solaris$ ./urchin --run-in-series tests/Errors/
./urchin: syntax error at line 84: `tmp=$' unexpected
I use this a lot.
$ grep -c '\$(' urchin
52
Darn
Update tests to support
* md5
* rsync
* mktemp
* epoch
* Report cycling by default
* New format for reporting cycling
Support systems without rsync
BSD mktemp
| NetBSD 6.1.3
| Welcome to NetBSD ...member of polarhome.com realm
|
| Usage: mktemp [-dqu] [-p <tmpdir>] {-t prefix | template ...}
| mkdir: : No such file or directory
| ./urchin: cannot create /log: permission denied
NetBSD
md5: unknown option -- q
usage: cksum [-n] [-a algorithm [-ptx] [-s string]] [-o 1|2]
[file ... | -c [-w] [sumfile]]
Things I can use to make things better
------------------------
${x##*blah}
$IFS and set --
Redirection, especiall <<-
Maybe fifo
for x in "$@"
until
readonly
getopts
Variable assignments specified with special built-in utilities remain in
effect after the built-in completes; this shall not be the case with a
regular built-in or other utility.

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params="$(basename "${0}")"
hostname="$(echo "${params}" | cut -d\ -f1)"
if echo "${params}" | grep -q \ ; then
flags="$(echo "${params}" | cut -d\ -f2-)"
fi
urchin_dir=.urchin-cross-shell-test
rsync --archive -e "ssh ${flags}" $RSYNC_FLAGS \
../urchin ../tests "${hostname}":"${urchin_dir}" ||
scp -r ${flags} ../urchin ../tests "${hostname}":"${urchin_dir}"
ssh "${hostname}" ${flags} \
"cd ${urchin_dir} && ./urchin --run-in-series tests"

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#!/bin/sh
# apt-get install bash dash ksh posh pdksh mksh yash zsh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
RSYNC_FLAGS='--rsync-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync'
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
# SSH public key needs to be in ~/.etc/ssh/authorized_keys
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

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#!/bin/sh
. ./.run

15
cross-shell-tests Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
# Run urchin in a bunch of different shells,
# including a shell that isn't quite POSIX-compatible (zsh)
for shell in dash bash ksh zsh; do
if which $shell > /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then
echo
echo Running urchin tests in $shell
$shell urchin tests | tail -n 3
else
echo
echo Skipping $shell because it is not in the PATH
fi
done
echo

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On the criteria for ordering
==============================
I was confused by the documentation for sort's "-d" flag. This confusion
relates to GNU coreutil's locale-specific sort. [^]
Below I discuss sort order differences between different implementations
of sort and of sh "*" for my particular environments.
Sorting with sort
------------
Consider the following two sort commands.
printf '@ b\n- d\n? a\n~ c\n! e\n' | sort
printf '@ b\n- d\n? a\n~ c\n! e\n' | sort -d
With BusyBox v1.23.2 on NixOS 15.09, the first of these commands returns
ASCIIbetical order,
! e
- d
? a
@ b
~ c
and the second returns dictionary order.
? a
@ b
~ c
- d
! e
With GNU coreutils version 8.24 on NixOS, both commands return
dictionary order. The same is true for GNU coreutils version 8.23 on
Debian Wheezy.
? a
@ b
~ c
- d
! e
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition [^^] specifies that the "-d" flag should
enable dictionary order. All of these versions of sort have clear
documentation about the order that should be returned when the "-d" flag
is set, (See --help, man, or info.) and the implementations match the
documentation as far as I can tell.
I have found no explicit documentation from any relevant source as to
what the default sort order should be. On the other hand, they all
suggest that "-d" produces an order different from the default order.
In GNU coreutils 8.24, for example, "-d" is a direction to "consider
only blanks and alphanumeric characters". It lacks any mention that the
"-d" flag has no effect or that it is the default. Furthermore, on my
first reading, I took it to mean that the default is to consider all
characters and that "-d" limits the considered characters to blanks and
alphanumeric characters.
Sorting in *
-------------
I think this is related to the order returned by "*" in sh.
The following sh code creates several files in a directory and then
calls "*", listing them in order.
printf '@ b\n- d\n? a\n~ c\n! e\n' | while read line; do
touch -- "${line}"
done
for file in *; do echo "$file"; done
On one computer, running FreeBSD, the order is apparently
ASCIIbetical.
! e
- d
? a
@ b
~ c
On two GNU systems, running NixOS and Debian, respectively, output is
in dictionary order. I'm not exactly sure what dictionary order is, but
it is something like sorting on the alphabetical characters before
sorting on the rest of the line.
? a
@ b
~ c
- d
! e
(I don't really know what dictionary order is, I was able to determine
that the above results are in dictionary order because of my investigation of
incompatible implementations of sort.)
[^] https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#Sort-does-not-sort-in-normal-order_0021
[^^] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/

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Here I discuss Urchin's general execution flow and how it is handled
specifically when tests are run on remote environments.
Steps of an Urchin run
----------------------
When Urchin runs a directory of files, it goes through the following
steps.
1. Head
2. Test
3. Foot
4. Reporting
Urchin stores files in a temporary directory, creating a new directory
on each invocation. The directory contains these things.
* head (file)
* test (file)
* foot (file)
* stdout (directory)
When run on remotes, the temporary directory corresponding to the local
master process additionally has these files.
* remote-test
Messages from the head, test, and foot steps go in the corresponding
files. In the head and foot phases, messages are just simple prints.
Messages from the test phase always correspond to a particular test
file, and they are written to the test file in a delimiter-separated
format.
Stdout and stderr from test runs are written to files in the stdout
directory, one file per test file per shell that the file is run in.
The reporting phase
----------------------
In most cases Urchin begins printing to the screen only during the
reporting phase. The only case where anything is printed beforehand is
when Urchin is run with -vvvv; that sets "+x", so the commands are
printed as they run, though all other output is still suppressed.
Test results are reported in the reporting phase. Four output formats
are available.
1. Urchin's human-readable format (default)
2. Test Anything Protocol
3. Delimiter-separated values (used internally)
4. Remote Urchin worker output
Most of the output is generated based on the delimiter-separated values
in the test log file. The first two formats also include stdout and
stderr from the tests, depending on verbosity level flags; when it needs
these, Urchin reads them from appropriate files in the temporary
directory.
I could discuss the further details of each format elsewhere.
Remotes
----------------------
When Urchin runs tests on a remote, it copies tests to the remote and
then calls Urchin on the remote with "--format=remote". This specifies
the following.
* The temporary directory should be kept, rather than deleted, after
Urchin runs.
* The path of the temporary directory should be printed as output.
* No other output should be printed to stdout.
After the remote Urchin finishes running, the local urchin downloads
the remote Urchin's test log file from the temporary directory.
It modifies the file to include the remote's name and then concatenates
the result to the "remote-test" file in the local temporary directory.
For example, the file from the remote might look like this,
:sh:Counting tests/.test/faila:0:not_ok
and the result might look like this.
nsa:sh:Counting tests/.test/faila:0:not_ok
This gets processed in the reporting step like usual, according to
whatever format is specified. Instead of printing just "sh" as the
environment in which the particular test was run, the report will print
"sh on nsa".
When it needs the stdout files, it prints them over ssh.
New flags
----------
In making this remotes feature, I wound up adding some others.
-r, --remote SSH host to use as a remote
-F, --format Output format, one of "urchin", "tap", "dsv", "remote"
Urchin runs only locally by default. If you pass at least one --remote
flag, Urchin runs tests only on the specified remotes; it can't run both
locally and remotely in the same run. If you want to do that, you could
wait until I add that feature, or you can add "localhost" as a remote.
Settings that I'm thinking about
* Port for rsync/ssh
* SSH protocol version
* --rsync-path
Can those all be set in ssh_config? Probably not --rsync-path, but
I guess I could just fix it on the remote.

View File

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
with import <nixpkgs> {}; {
urchin = stdenv.mkDerivation {
name = "urchin";
buildInputs = [
busybox
bash dash mksh zsh
];
};
}

View File

@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
# A NixOS container to protect against accidental fork bombs
#
# Put this in /var/lib/containers/test/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
# See https://nixos.org/wiki/NixOS:Containers
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
with lib;
{ boot.isContainer = true;
networking.hostName = mkDefault "urchin";
networking.useDHCP = false;
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
# Urchin
bash dash mksh zsh
busybox
# Other
vim git rsync tmux
];
security.pam.loginLimits = [
# Prevent accidental fork bombs.
{ domain = "*"; item = "nproc"; type = "hard"; value = "200"; }
];
services.openssh = {
enable = true;
passwordAuthentication = false;
};
users.extraUsers.user = {
name = "tlevine";
uid = 1000;
isNormalUser = true;
home = "/home/tlevine";
extraGroups = [ "users" "wheel" ];
openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
"ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDGvQyzr42/96acUTUedaeM2ee+DMt9bkxeurdeXji9sNE10MjjAUFtxPmSI8/BUZW2/a9ByblfaJEI+H+kFVPjVr+QGKXZluxcFMj2BLbH53fi9xLgoQRjb2aAXutb2Bp74/E8R1K+CuFfRRGQ5Spdnv44SLt04D6JbBLcLIcWTpQ4v5RaYr2U27jfiF9z0m+/opxvowEy2gnqlEXFxFk8jZHT4K0uLWm2ENjT6OpyOx8hWcKeAN2vRVRex3pJfSzswn0LpuCrM1rUZ4DRE+FABi8N21Q3MBaMRkwnZPwaZwKzv06q8bu23jYTqK5BrUPtOXeeVuroQXMc12H/6/Nh laptop"
];
};
}

View File

@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Create the container.
if ! nixos-container list | grep ^urchin$ > /dev/null; then
sudo nixos-container create urchin
fi
# Configure the container.
sudo cp configuration.nix \
/var/lib/containers/urchin/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
sudo nixos-container update urchin
sudo nixos-container start urchin
# Create the git repository.
host="tlevine@$(nixos-container show-ip urchin)"
ssh "${host}" 'if mkdir urchin 2> /dev/null; then
cd urchin
git init
git config --add receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore
fi
'
# Push to the git repository
git push "${host}":urchin
# Print information
echo "Log in:
ssh ${host}
Add git remote
git remote add ${host} container
"

View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
"bin": "./urchin",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://git.sdf.org/tlevine/urchin"
"url": "git://github.com/tlevine/urchin.git"
},
"keywords": [
"shell",

1
packages/.gitignore vendored
View File

@ -1 +0,0 @@
*.tar.gz

View File

@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
name=urchin-$(../urchin --version)
tmp=$(mktemp -d)
mkdir $tmp/$name
cp ../urchin ../readme.md ../AUTHORS ../COPYING $tmp/$name
cd $tmp
tar czf $name.tar.gz $name
cd - > /dev/null
mv $tmp/$name.tar.gz .
rm -R $tmp

161
readme.md
View File

@ -1,62 +1,40 @@
**The repository at https://github.com/tlevine/urchin will go away. New location is https://git.sdf.org/tlevine/urchin.**
__ _
__ ____________/ /_ (_)___
/ / / / ___/ ___/ __ \/ / __ \
/ /_/ / / / /__/ / / / / / / /
\__,_/_/ \___/_/ /_/_/_/ /_/
Urchin is a portable shell program that runs a directory of Unix-style
programs and produces pretty output. It is normally used for testing
shell programs, where each test case corresponds to a single file in
the directory that Urchin runs.
Urchin is called "Urchin" because
[sea urchins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin)
have shells called "tests".
Urchin is a test framework for shell. It is implemented in
portable /bin/sh and should work on GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, and
other Unix platforms.
## Try it out
Urchin's tests are written in Urchin, so you can run them to see what Urchin
is like. Clone the repository
git clone https://git.sdf.org/tlevine/urchin
git clone git://github.com/tlevine/urchin.git
Run the tests
cd urchin
./urchin tests
## Dependencies
Urchin depends on the following programs.
The above command will run the tests in your system's default
shell, /bin/sh (on recent Ubuntu this is dash, but it could be
ksh or bash on other systems); to test urchin's cross-shell compatibility,
run this:
* sh
* echo
* printf
* mktemp
* readlink
* basename
* dirname
* sed
* grep
* cut
* true
* false
* which
* timeout
* sort
cd urchin
./cross-shell-tests
Vanilla installations of modern BSD and GNU systems usually include all
of these programs.
## Install
Urchin is contained in a single file, so you can install it by copying it to a
directory in your `PATH`. For example, you can run the following as root.
## Globally
Download Urchin like so (as root) (or use npm, below):
cd /usr/local/bin
wget https://git.sdf.org/tlevine/urchin/raw/branch/master/urchin
wget https://raw.github.com/tlevine/urchin/master/urchin
chmod +x urchin
Urchin can be installed with npm too.
Can be installed with npm too:
npm install -g urchin
@ -98,47 +76,24 @@ and directories have special meanings.
teardown
Directories are processed in a depth-first order. When a particular directory
is processed, `setup_dir` is sourced before everything else in the directory,
including subdirectories. `teardown_dir` is sourced after everything else in
the directory.
is processed, `setup_dir` is run before everything else in the directory, including
subdirectories. `teardown_dir` is run after everything else in the directory.
A directory's `setup` file, if it exists, is sourced right before each test
file within the particular directory is run, and the `teardown` file is
sourced right after.
A directory's `setup` file, if it exists, is run right before each test file
within the particular directory, and the `teardown` file is run right after.
Files are only run if they are executable, and files beginning with `.` are
ignored. Thus, fixtures and libraries can be included sloppily within the test
directory tree. The test passes if the file exits 0; otherwise, it fails.
urchin looks for files within a directory in the following manner,
In case you care about the order in which your tests execute, consider that
urchin looks for files within a directory in the following manner.
for file in *; do
do_something_with_test_file $file
done
so files are run in whatever order `*` produces. The order is
configured in your environment, at least in
[GNU systems](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#Sort-does-not-sort-in-normal-order_0021).
Other systems may ignore the locales configured in the environment and
always produce ASCIIbetical order.
Results are always printed in ASCIIbetical order, regardless of what
order the tests ran in.
Below you can see how the locale can affect the order.
$ printf '!c\n@a\n~b\n' | LC_COLLATE=C sort
!c
@a
~b
$ printf '!c\n@a\n~b\n' | LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8 sort
@a
~b
!c
$ printf '!c\n@a\n~b\n' | sort -d
@a
~b
!c
Tests within a directory are executed in whatever order `*` returns.
### Writing cross-shell compatibility tests for testing shell code
@ -151,55 +106,69 @@ The specific approach depends on your test scenario:
* (b) Your scripts _source_ scripts containing portable shell code.
#### (a) Cross-shell tests with test scripts that _invoke_ shell scripts
Urchin sets the `TEST_SHELL` environment variable so that you may change the
shell with which your tests call other shell programs. To run your test
scripts in multiple shells you must call `$TEST_SHELL` in your tests and then
run urchin with the appropriate option.
First, consider using [shall](https://github.com/mklement0/shall).
#!/usr/bin/env shall
echo This is a test file.
Alternatively, you can use urchin's built-in recognition of the
`TEST_SHELL` environment variable.
In your test scripts, invoke the shell scripts to test via the shell
specified in environment variable `TEST_SHELL` rather than directly;
e.g.: `$TEST_SHELL ../foo bar` (rather than just `../foo bar`).
Note that if you alsow want your test scripts to work when run directly,
outside of Urchin, be sure to target scripts that happen to be in the
current directory with prefix `./`; e.g., `$TEST_SHELL ./baz`
(rather than `$TEST_SHELL baz`).
Urchin runs tests in multiple different shells by default; Urchin has a
list of default shells, and the following command will run your tests in
all of those shells that Urchin detects.
Then, on invocation of Urchin, prepend a definition of environment variable
`TEST_SHELL` specifying the shell to test with, e.g.: `TEST_SHELL=zsh urchin ./tests`.
To test with multiple shells in sequence, use something like:
./urchin ./tests
You can override the default list of shells with the `-s` flag.
urchin -s sh -s ksh ./tests
You can also
for shell in sh bash ksh zsh; do
TEST_SHELL=$shell urchin ./tests
done
If `TEST_SHELL` has no value, Urchin defines it as `/bin/sh`, so the test
scripts can rely on `$TEST_SHELL` always containing a value when Urchin runs
them.
That said, we still recommand that you account for the possibility that
`$TEST_SHELL` does not contain a value so that you may run your test scripts
without Urchin. Supporting this case is very simple; when you invoke scripts
that happen to be in the current directory, be sure to use the prefix `./`,
e.g., `$TEST_SHELL ./baz` rather than `$TEST_SHELL baz`.
scripts can rely on `$TEST_SHELL` always containing a value.
#### (b) Cross-shell tests with test scripts that _source_ shell scripts
If you _source_ shell code in your test scripts, it is the test scripts
themselves that must be run with the shell specified.
Urchin supports the `-s <shell>` option, which instructs
To that end, Urchin supports the `-s <shell>` option, which instructs
Urchin to invoke the test scripts with the specified shell; e.g., `-s bash`.
(In addition, Urchin sets environment variable `TEST_SHELL` to the specified
shell.)
Note that only test scripts that either have no shebang line at all or
have shebang line `#!/bin/sh` are invoked with the specified shell.
This allows non-shell test scripts or test scripts for other languages
or for specific shells to coexist with those whose invocation should be
controlled by `-s`.
This allows non-shell test scripts or test scripts for specific
shells to coexist with those whose invocation should be controlled by `-s`.
## References
To test with multiple shells in sequence, use something like:
On shell programming
for shell in sh bash ksh zsh; do
urchin -s $shell ./tests
done
* http://blackskyresearch.net/shelltables.txt
* http://blackskyresearch.net/try.sh.txt
<!--
#### (c) Cross shell tests with `urchin -x` (experimental)
If you run urchin with the `-x` flag, it will be as if you ran
`$TEST_SHELL`. Unless `$TEST_SHELL` isn't set, in which case it'll
be as if you ran `/bin/sh`. Putting this in she shebang line might
eventually work out to be a cleaner way of doing cross-shell testing.
#!/usr/bin/env urchin -x
test a = a
It might make sense if you do this.
export TEST_SHELL=zsh && urchin -x
export TEST_SHELL=bash && urchin -x
-->
## Alternatives to Urchin
Alternatives to Urchin are discussed in
[this blog post](https://blog.scraperwiki.com/2012/12/how-to-test-shell-scripts/).

View File

@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
[ -f / ]

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
[ -e / ]

2
tests/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
.urchin.log
.urchin_stdout

1
tests/.print-arg-3 Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
echo $3

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
series

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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#!/bin/sh
cd ..
export CDPATH=$PWD
./urchin -f 'tests/urchin exit code' >/dev/null

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin -h|grep -- -f

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin -h | grep -- -s

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin -h

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
! ../../urchin

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
true

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin -s sh .test-one | grep '1 test failed'

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin -s sh .test-one | grep '1 test passed'

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin -s sh .test | grep '7 tests passed.'

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin -s sh .test | grep '3 tests failed.'

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin .test-one | grep '1 test failed'

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin .test-one | grep '1 test passed'

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin .test | grep '7 tests passed.'

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../urchin .test | grep '3 tests failed.'

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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `TEST_SHELL=bash urchin ...`, $TEST_SHELL should contain 'bash'.
echo "\$TEST_SHELL: $TEST_SHELL"
[ "$TEST_SHELL" = 'bash' ]

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
# This script will only succeed if it is indeed processed by awk.
BEGIN { print "ok" }

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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `-s bash`, this script should be being run with bash.
this_shell=$(ps -o comm= -p $$ && :)
echo "Running shell: $this_shell"
[ "$this_shell" = 'bash' ]

View File

@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
# By design, this file has no shebang line.
set -e
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `-s bash`, this script should be being run with bash.
this_shell="$(ps -o pid,comm | sed -n "s/^ *$$//p" | cut -d\ -f2)"
this_shell=$(ps -o comm= -p $$ && :)
echo "Running shell: $this_shell"
basename "$this_shell" | grep .special-shell
[ "$this_shell" = 'bash' ]

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `-s bash`, $TEST_SHELL should contain 'bash'.
echo "Running shell: $(ps -o comm= -p $$ && :)"
echo "\$TEST_SHELL: $TEST_SHELL"
[ "$TEST_SHELL" = 'bash' ]

View File

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
# Tests support for either passing through or defining a default value for environment variable TEST_SHELL.
# (for test scripts that want to invoke shell scripts with a specified shell).
which bash 2>/dev/null || { echo "Cannot test -s option: bash cannot be located." >&2; exit 1; }
# Test if $TEST_SHELL, when placed in urchin's environment, is passed through to the test scripts.
TEST_SHELL=.special-shell $TEST_SHELL \
../../urchin --disable-cycling ./.test-TEST_SHELL-passed-through
TEST_SHELL=bash ../../urchin ./.test-TEST_SHELL-passed-through

View File

@ -5,5 +5,4 @@
# Test if $TEST_SHELL - if *defined, but empty* - is exported with value '/bin/sh' by urchin
# and thus has that value inside the scripts.
TEST_SHELL= $TEST_SHELL \
../../urchin ./.test-TEST_SHELL-undefined_or_empty
TEST_SHELL= ../../urchin ./.test-TEST_SHELL-undefined_or_empty

View File

@ -5,7 +5,5 @@
# Test if $TEST_SHELL - if *undefined* - is exported with value '/bin/sh' by urchin
# and thus has that value inside test scripts.
s="$TEST_SHELL"
unset -v TEST_SHELL
"$s" ../../urchin ./.test-TEST_SHELL-undefined_or_empty
../../urchin ./.test-TEST_SHELL-undefined_or_empty

View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Tests the `-s <shell> option, which invokes shebang-less and sh-shebang-line test scripts with the specified shell (for testing *sourced* shell code).
which bash >/dev/null || { echo "Cannot test -s option: bash cannot be located." >&2; exit 2; }
which /usr/bin/awk >/dev/null || { echo "Cannot test -s option: /usr/bin/awk not found." >&2; exit 2; }
../../urchin -s bash ./.test-run-by-specified-shell

View File

@ -1 +0,0 @@
/bin/sh

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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with this,
#
# TEST_SHELL=$PWD/.special-shell urchin ...
#
# $TEST_SHELL should contain '.special-shell'
echo "\$TEST_SHELL: $TEST_SHELL"
basename "$TEST_SHELL" | grep '.special-shell'

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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env true
true will processed the contents of this script, but that
means that nothing will happen and the script will exit 0

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@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `-s bash`,
# this script should be being run with bash.
ps -o pid,comm,args | grep $$ | grep .special-shell

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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Assuming that urchin was invoked with `-s bash`, $TEST_SHELL should contain 'bash'.
this_shell=$(ps -o pid,comm | sed -n "s/^ *$$//p" | cut -d\ -f2)
echo "Running shell: $this_shell"
echo "\$TEST_SHELL: $TEST_SHELL"
echo "$TEST_SHELL" | grep .special-shell

View File

@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Tests the `-s <shell> option, which invokes shebang-less test scripts with
# the specified shell (for testing *sourced* shell code).
../../urchin -s .special-shell ./.test-run-by-specified-shell

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
export PATH="$PWD:$PATH"

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
false

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
true

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin '.test/This test passes'

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin '.test/This test skips'

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin '.test/This test fails'
test $? -eq 1

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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../../urchin $testdir
test 1 -eq $?

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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
tmp=$(mktemp -d)
export testdir=$tmp/tests
mkdir -p $testdir
touch $testdir/.urchin

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
../../../urchin $testdir 2>&1 | grep -i 'no.*found'

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
rm -R $tmp

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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
$TEST_SHELL ../../urchin --not-a-flag
test $? -eq 11

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
#!/bin/sh
../urchin .example-test-suite | grep '31'

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