559 lines
19 KiB
Arduino
559 lines
19 KiB
Arduino
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/**
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* This source file is under General Public License version 3.
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*
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* This verision uses a built-in Si5351 library
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* Most source code are meant to be understood by the compilers and the computers.
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* Code that has to be hackable needs to be well understood and properly documented.
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* Donald Knuth coined the term Literate Programming to indicate code that is written be
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* easily read and understood.
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*
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* The Raduino is a small board that includes the Arduin Nano, a 16x2 LCD display and
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* an Si5351a frequency synthesizer. This board is manufactured by Paradigm Ecomm Pvt Ltd
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*
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* To learn more about Arduino you may visit www.arduino.cc.
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*
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* The Arduino works by starts executing the code in a function called setup() and then it
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* repeatedly keeps calling loop() forever. All the initialization code is kept in setup()
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* and code to continuously sense the tuning knob, the function button, transmit/receive,
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* etc is all in the loop() function. If you wish to study the code top down, then scroll
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* to the bottom of this file and read your way up.
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*
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* Below are the libraries to be included for building the Raduino
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* The EEPROM library is used to store settings like the frequency memory, caliberation data,
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* callsign etc .
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*
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* The main chip which generates upto three oscillators of various frequencies in the
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* Raduino is the Si5351a. To learn more about Si5351a you can download the datasheet
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* from www.silabs.com although, strictly speaking it is not a requirment to understand this code.
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* Instead, you can look up the Si5351 library written by xxx, yyy. You can download and
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* install it from www.url.com to complile this file.
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* The Wire.h library is used to talk to the Si5351 and we also declare an instance of
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* Si5351 object to control the clocks.
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*/
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#include <Wire.h>
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#include <EEPROM.h>
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/**
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The main chip which generates upto three oscillators of various frequencies in the
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Raduino is the Si5351a. To learn more about Si5351a you can download the datasheet
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from www.silabs.com although, strictly speaking it is not a requirment to understand this code.
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We no longer use the standard SI5351 library because of its huge overhead due to many unused
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features consuming a lot of program space. Instead of depending on an external library we now use
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Jerry Gaffke's, KE7ER, lightweight standalone mimimalist "si5351bx" routines (see further down the
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code). Here are some defines and declarations used by Jerry's routines:
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*/
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/**
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* We need to carefully pick assignment of pin for various purposes.
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* There are two sets of completely programmable pins on the Raduino.
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* First, on the top of the board, in line with the LCD connector is an 8-pin connector
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* that is largely meant for analog inputs and front-panel control. It has a regulated 5v output,
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* ground and six pins. Each of these six pins can be individually programmed
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* either as an analog input, a digital input or a digital output.
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* The pins are assigned as follows (left to right, display facing you):
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* Pin 1 (Violet), A7, SPARE
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* Pin 2 (Blue), A6, KEYER (DATA)
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* Pin 3 (Green), +5v
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* Pin 4 (Yellow), Gnd
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* Pin 5 (Orange), A3, PTT
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* Pin 6 (Red), A2, F BUTTON
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* Pin 7 (Brown), A1, ENC B
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* Pin 8 (Black), A0, ENC A
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*Note: A5, A4 are wired to the Si5351 as I2C interface
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* *
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* Though, this can be assigned anyway, for this application of the Arduino, we will make the following
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* assignment
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* A2 will connect to the PTT line, which is the usually a part of the mic connector
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* A3 is connected to a push button that can momentarily ground this line. This will be used for RIT/Bandswitching, etc.
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* A6 is to implement a keyer, it is reserved and not yet implemented
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* A7 is connected to a center pin of good quality 100K or 10K linear potentiometer with the two other ends connected to
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* ground and +5v lines available on the connector. This implments the tuning mechanism
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*/
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#define ENC_A (A0)
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#define ENC_B (A1)
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#define FBUTTON (A2)
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#define PTT (A3)
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#define ANALOG_KEYER (A6)
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#define ANALOG_SPARE (A7)
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/**
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* The Raduino board is the size of a standard 16x2 LCD panel. It has three connectors:
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*
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* First, is an 8 pin connector that provides +5v, GND and six analog input pins that can also be
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* configured to be used as digital input or output pins. These are referred to as A0,A1,A2,
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* A3,A6 and A7 pins. The A4 and A5 pins are missing from this connector as they are used to
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* talk to the Si5351 over I2C protocol.
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*
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* Second is a 16 pin LCD connector. This connector is meant specifically for the standard 16x2
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* LCD display in 4 bit mode. The 4 bit mode requires 4 data lines and two control lines to work:
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* Lines used are : RESET, ENABLE, D4, D5, D6, D7
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* We include the library and declare the configuration of the LCD panel too
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*/
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#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
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LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,10,11,12,13);
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/**
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* The Arduino, unlike C/C++ on a regular computer with gigabytes of RAM, has very little memory.
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* We have to be very careful with variables that are declared inside the functions as they are
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* created in a memory region called the stack. The stack has just a few bytes of space on the Arduino
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* if you declare large strings inside functions, they can easily exceed the capacity of the stack
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* and mess up your programs.
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* We circumvent this by declaring a few global buffers as kitchen counters where we can
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* slice and dice our strings. These strings are mostly used to control the display or handle
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* the input and output from the USB port. We must keep a count of the bytes used while reading
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* the serial port as we can easily run out of buffer space. This is done in the serial_in_count variable.
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*/
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char c[30], b[30];
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char printBuff[2][17]; //mirrors what is showing on the two lines of the display
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int count = 0; //to generally count ticks, loops, etc
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/**
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* The second set of 16 pins on the Raduino's bottom connector are have the three clock outputs and the digital lines to control the rig.
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* This assignment is as follows :
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* Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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* GND +5V CLK0 GND GND CLK1 GND GND CLK2 GND D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
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* These too are flexible with what you may do with them, for the Raduino, we use them to :
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* - TX_RX line : Switches between Transmit and Receive after sensing the PTT or the morse keyer
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* - CW_KEY line : turns on the carrier for CW
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*/
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#define TX_RX (7)
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#define CW_TONE (6)
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#define TX_LPF_A (5)
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#define TX_LPF_B (4)
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#define TX_LPF_C (3)
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#define CW_KEY (2)
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/**
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* These are the indices where these user changable settinngs are stored in the EEPROM
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*/
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#define MASTER_CAL 0
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#define LSB_CAL 4
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#define USB_CAL 8
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#define SIDE_TONE 12
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//these are ids of the vfos as well as their offset into the eeprom storage, don't change these 'magic' values
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#define VFO_A 16
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#define VFO_B 20
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#define CW_SIDETONE 24
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#define CW_SPEED 28
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/**
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* The uBITX is an upconnversion transceiver. The first IF is at 45 MHz.
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* The first IF frequency is not exactly at 45 Mhz but about 5 khz lower,
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* this shift is due to the loading on the 45 Mhz crystal filter by the matching
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* L-network used on it's either sides.
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* The first oscillator works between 48 Mhz and 75 MHz. The signal is subtracted
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* from the first oscillator to arriive at 45 Mhz IF. Thus, it is inverted : LSB becomes USB
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* and USB becomes LSB.
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* The second IF of 12 Mhz has a ladder crystal filter. If a second oscillator is used at
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* 57 Mhz, the signal is subtracted FROM the oscillator, inverting a second time, and arrives
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* at the 12 Mhz ladder filter thus doouble inversion, keeps the sidebands as they originally were.
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* If the second oscillator is at 33 Mhz, the oscilaltor is subtracated from the signal,
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* thus keeping the signal's sidebands inverted. The USB will become LSB.
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* We use this technique to switch sidebands. This is to avoid placing the lsbCarrier close to
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* 12 MHz where its fifth harmonic beats with the arduino's 16 Mhz oscillator's fourth harmonic
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*/
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// the second oscillator should ideally be at 57 MHz, however, the crystal filter's center frequency
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// is shifted down a little due to the loading from the impedance matching L-networks on either sides
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#define SECOND_OSC_USB (56995000l)
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#define SECOND_OSC_LSB (32995000l)
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//these are the two default USB and LSB frequencies. The best frequencies depend upon your individual taste and filter shape
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#define INIT_USB_FREQ (11996500l)
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// limits the tuning and working range of the ubitx between 3 MHz and 30 MHz
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#define LOWEST_FREQ (3000000l)
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#define HIGHEST_FREQ (30000000l)
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//we directly generate the CW by programmin the Si5351 to the cw tx frequency, hence, both are different modes
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//these are the parameter passed to startTx
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#define TX_SSB 0
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#define TX_CW 1
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char ritOn = 0;
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char vfoActive = VFO_A;
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int8_t meter_reading = 0; // a -1 on meter makes it invisible
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unsigned long vfoA=7150000L, vfoB=14200000L, sideTone=800, usbCarrier;
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unsigned long frequency, ritRxFrequency, ritTxFrequency; //frequency is the current frequency on the dial
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int cwSpeed = 100; //this is actuall the dot period in milliseconds
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extern int32_t calibration;
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/**
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* Raduino needs to keep track of current state of the transceiver. These are a few variables that do it
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*/
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boolean txCAT = false; //turned on if the transmitting due to a CAT command
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char inTx = 0; //it is set to 1 if in transmit mode (whatever the reason : cw, ptt or cat)
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char splitOn = 0; //working split, uses VFO B as the transmit frequency, (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
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char keyDown = 0; //in cw mode, denotes the carrier is being transmitted
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char isUSB = 0; //upper sideband was selected, this is reset to the default for the
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//frequency when it crosses the frequency border of 10 MHz
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byte menuOn = 0; //set to 1 when the menu is being displayed, if a menu item sets it to zero, the menu is exited
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unsigned long cwTimeout = 0; //milliseconds to go before the cw transmit line is released and the radio goes back to rx mode
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unsigned long dbgCount = 0; //not used now
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unsigned char txFilter = 0; //which of the four transmit filters are in use
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boolean modeCalibrate = false;//this mode of menus shows extended menus to calibrate the oscillators and choose the proper
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//beat frequency
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/**
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* Below are the basic functions that control the uBitx. Understanding the functions before
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* you start hacking around
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*/
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/**
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* Select the properly tx harmonic filters
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* The four harmonic filters use only three relays
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* the four LPFs cover 30-21 Mhz, 18 - 14 Mhz, 7-10 MHz and 3.5 to 5 Mhz
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* Briefly, it works like this,
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* - When KT1 is OFF, the 'off' position routes the PA output through the 30 MHz LPF
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* - When KT1 is ON, it routes the PA output to KT2. Which is why you will see that
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* the KT1 is on for the three other cases.
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* - When the KT1 is ON and KT2 is off, the off position of KT2 routes the PA output
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* to 18 MHz LPF (That also works for 14 Mhz)
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* - When KT1 is On, KT2 is On, it routes the PA output to KT3
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* - KT3, when switched on selects the 7-10 Mhz filter
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* - KT3 when switched off selects the 3.5-5 Mhz filter
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* See the circuit to understand this
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*/
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void setTXFilters(unsigned long freq){
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if (freq > 21000000L){ // the default filter is with 35 MHz cut-off
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_A, 0);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_B, 0);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_C, 0);
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}
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else if (freq >= 14000000L){ //thrown the KT1 relay on, the 30 MHz LPF is bypassed and the 14-18 MHz LPF is allowd to go through
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_A, 1);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_B, 0);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_C, 0);
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}
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else if (freq > 7000000L){
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_A, 1);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_B, 1);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_C, 0);
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}
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else {
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_A, 1);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_B, 1);
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digitalWrite(TX_LPF_C, 1);
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}
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}
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/**
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* This is the most frequently called function that configures the
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* radio to a particular frequeny, sideband and sets up the transmit filters
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*
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* The transmit filter relays are powered up only during the tx so they dont
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* draw any current during rx.
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*
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* The carrier oscillator of the detector/modulator is permanently fixed at
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* uppper sideband. The sideband selection is done by placing the second oscillator
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* either 12 Mhz below or above the 45 Mhz signal thereby inverting the sidebands
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* through mixing of the second local oscillator.
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*/
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void setFrequency(unsigned long f){
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uint64_t osc_f;
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setTXFilters(f);
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if (isUSB){
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si5351bx_setfreq(2, SECOND_OSC_USB - usbCarrier + f);
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si5351bx_setfreq(1, SECOND_OSC_USB);
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}
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else{
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si5351bx_setfreq(2, SECOND_OSC_LSB + usbCarrier + f);
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si5351bx_setfreq(1, SECOND_OSC_LSB);
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}
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frequency = f;
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}
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/**
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* startTx is called by the PTT, cw keyer and CAT protocol to
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* put the uBitx in tx mode. It takes care of rit settings, sideband settings
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* Note: In cw mode, doesnt key the radio, only puts it in tx mode
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*/
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void startTx(byte txMode){
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unsigned long tx_freq = 0;
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digitalWrite(TX_RX, 1);
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inTx = 1;
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if (ritOn){
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//save the current as the rx frequency
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ritRxFrequency = frequency;
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setFrequency(ritTxFrequency);
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}
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if (txMode == TX_CW){
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//turn off the second local oscillator and the bfo
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si5351bx_setfreq(0, 0);
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si5351bx_setfreq(1, 0);
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//shif the first oscillator to the tx frequency directly
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//the key up and key down will toggle the carrier unbalancing
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//the exact cw frequency is the tuned frequency + sidetone
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if (isUSB)
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si5351bx_setfreq(2, frequency + sideTone);
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else
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si5351bx_setfreq(2, frequency - sideTone);
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}
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updateDisplay();
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}
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void stopTx(){
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inTx = 0;
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digitalWrite(TX_RX, 0); //turn off the tx
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si5351bx_setfreq(0, usbCarrier); //set back the carrier oscillator anyway, cw tx switches it off
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if (ritOn)
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setFrequency(ritRxFrequency);
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else
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setFrequency(frequency);
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updateDisplay();
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}
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/**
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* ritEnable is called with a frequency parameter that determines
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* what the tx frequency will be
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*/
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void ritEnable(unsigned long f){
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ritOn = 1;
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//save the non-rit frequency back into the VFO memory
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//as RIT is a temporary shift, this is not saved to EEPROM
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ritTxFrequency = f;
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}
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// this is called by the RIT menu routine
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void ritDisable(){
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if (ritOn){
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ritOn = 0;
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setFrequency(ritTxFrequency);
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updateDisplay();
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}
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}
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/**
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* Basic User Interface Routines. These check the front panel for any activity
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*/
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/**
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* The PTT is checked only if we are not already in a cw transmit session
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* If the PTT is pressed, we shift to the ritbase if the rit was on
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* flip the T/R line to T and update the display to denote transmission
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*/
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void checkPTT(){
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//we don't check for ptt when transmitting cw
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if (cwTimeout > 0)
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return;
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if (digitalRead(PTT) == 0 && inTx == 0){
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startTx(TX_SSB);
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delay(50); //debounce the PTT
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}
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if (digitalRead(PTT) == 1 && inTx == 1)
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stopTx();
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}
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void checkButton(){
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int i, t1, t2, knob, new_knob;
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//only if the button is pressed
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if (!btnDown())
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return;
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delay(50);
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if (!btnDown()) //debounce
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return;
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doMenu();
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//wait for the button to go up again
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while(btnDown())
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delay(10);
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delay(50);//debounce
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}
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/**
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* The tuning jumps by 50 Hz on each step when you tune slowly
|
||
|
* As you spin the encoder faster, the jump size also increases
|
||
|
* This way, you can quickly move to another band by just spinning the
|
||
|
* tuning knob
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
|
||
|
void doTuning(){
|
||
|
int s;
|
||
|
unsigned long prev_freq;
|
||
|
|
||
|
s = enc_read();
|
||
|
if (s){
|
||
|
prev_freq = frequency;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (s > 10)
|
||
|
frequency += 200000l;
|
||
|
if (s > 7)
|
||
|
frequency += 10000l;
|
||
|
else if (s > 4)
|
||
|
frequency += 1000l;
|
||
|
else if (s > 2)
|
||
|
frequency += 500;
|
||
|
else if (s > 0)
|
||
|
frequency += 50l;
|
||
|
else if (s > -2)
|
||
|
frequency -= 50l;
|
||
|
else if (s > -4)
|
||
|
frequency -= 500l;
|
||
|
else if (s > -7)
|
||
|
frequency -= 1000l;
|
||
|
else if (s > -9)
|
||
|
frequency -= 10000l;
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
frequency -= 200000l;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (prev_freq < 10000000l && frequency > 10000000l)
|
||
|
isUSB = true;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (prev_freq > 10000000l && frequency < 10000000l)
|
||
|
isUSB = false;
|
||
|
|
||
|
setFrequency(frequency);
|
||
|
updateDisplay();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/**
|
||
|
* RIT only steps back and forth by 100 hz at a time
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
void doRIT(){
|
||
|
unsigned long newFreq;
|
||
|
|
||
|
int knob = enc_read();
|
||
|
unsigned long old_freq = frequency;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (knob < 0)
|
||
|
frequency -= 100l;
|
||
|
else if (knob > 0)
|
||
|
frequency += 100;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (old_freq != frequency){
|
||
|
setFrequency(frequency);
|
||
|
updateDisplay();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/**
|
||
|
* The settings are read from EEPROM. The first time around, the values may not be
|
||
|
* present or out of range, in this case, some intelligent defaults are copied into the
|
||
|
* variables.
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
void initSettings(){
|
||
|
//read the settings from the eeprom and restore them
|
||
|
//if the readings are off, then set defaults
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(MASTER_CAL, calibration);
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(USB_CAL, usbCarrier);
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(VFO_A, vfoA);
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(VFO_B, vfoB);
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(CW_SIDETONE, sideTone);
|
||
|
EEPROM.get(CW_SPEED, cwSpeed);
|
||
|
if (usbCarrier > 12010000l || usbCarrier < 11990000l)
|
||
|
usbCarrier = 11997000l;
|
||
|
if (vfoA > 35000000l || 3500000l > vfoA)
|
||
|
vfoA = 7150000l;
|
||
|
if (vfoB > 35000000l || 3500000l > vfoB)
|
||
|
vfoB = 14150000l;
|
||
|
if (sideTone < 100 || 2000 < sideTone)
|
||
|
sideTone = 800;
|
||
|
if (cwSpeed < 10 || 1000 < cwSpeed)
|
||
|
cwSpeed = 100;
|
||
|
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
void initPorts(){
|
||
|
|
||
|
analogReference(DEFAULT);
|
||
|
|
||
|
//??
|
||
|
pinMode(ENC_A, INPUT_PULLUP);
|
||
|
pinMode(ENC_B, INPUT_PULLUP);
|
||
|
pinMode(FBUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
|
||
|
|
||
|
//configure the function button to use the external pull-up
|
||
|
// pinMode(FBUTTON, INPUT);
|
||
|
// digitalWrite(FBUTTON, HIGH);
|
||
|
|
||
|
pinMode(PTT, INPUT_PULLUP);
|
||
|
pinMode(ANALOG_KEYER, INPUT_PULLUP);
|
||
|
|
||
|
pinMode(CW_TONE, OUTPUT);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(CW_TONE, 0);
|
||
|
|
||
|
pinMode(TX_RX,OUTPUT);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(TX_RX, 0);
|
||
|
|
||
|
pinMode(TX_LPF_A, OUTPUT);
|
||
|
pinMode(TX_LPF_B, OUTPUT);
|
||
|
pinMode(TX_LPF_C, OUTPUT);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(TX_LPF_A, 0);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(TX_LPF_B, 0);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(TX_LPF_C, 0);
|
||
|
|
||
|
pinMode(CW_KEY, OUTPUT);
|
||
|
digitalWrite(CW_KEY, 0);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
void setup()
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
Serial.begin(9600);
|
||
|
|
||
|
lcd.begin(16, 2);
|
||
|
|
||
|
//we print this line so this shows up even if the raduino
|
||
|
//crashes later in the code
|
||
|
printLine1("uBITX v0.20");
|
||
|
delay(500);
|
||
|
|
||
|
initMeter(); //not used in this build
|
||
|
initSettings();
|
||
|
initPorts();
|
||
|
initOscillators();
|
||
|
|
||
|
frequency = vfoA;
|
||
|
setFrequency(vfoA);
|
||
|
updateDisplay();
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (btnDown())
|
||
|
factory_alignment();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
/**
|
||
|
* The loop checks for keydown, ptt, function button and tuning.
|
||
|
*/
|
||
|
|
||
|
byte flasher = 0;
|
||
|
void loop(){
|
||
|
|
||
|
cwKeyer();
|
||
|
if (!txCAT)
|
||
|
checkPTT();
|
||
|
checkButton();
|
||
|
|
||
|
//tune only when not tranmsitting
|
||
|
if (!inTx){
|
||
|
if (ritOn)
|
||
|
doRIT();
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
doTuning();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
//we check CAT after the encoder as it might put the radio into TX
|
||
|
checkCAT();
|
||
|
}
|