290 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
290 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
! Configuration
|
|
!! Initialization Scripts
|
|
!!! Runlevels
|
|
|
|
The following runlevels are used in CRUX (defined in %fn%/etc/inittab%%).
|
|
|
|
||cellpadding="3" rules="all" frame="box"
|
|
||! Runlevel ||! Description
|
|
||0 ||Halt
|
|
||1 (S) ||Single-user Mode
|
|
||2 ||Multi-user Mode
|
|
||3-5 ||(Not used)
|
|
||6 ||Reboot
|
|
|
|
!!! Layout
|
|
|
|
The initialization scripts used in CRUX follow the BSD-style (as opposed to the
|
|
SysV-style) and have the following layout.
|
|
|
|
||cellpadding="3" rules="all" frame="box"
|
|
||! File ||! Description
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc%% ||System boot script
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.single%% ||Single-user startup script
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.modules%% ||Module initialization script
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.multi%% ||Multi-user startup script
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.local%% ||Local multi-user startup script (empty by default)
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.shutdown%% ||System shutdown script
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.conf%% ||System configuration
|
|
||%fn%/etc/rc.d/%% ||Service start/stop script directory
|
|
|
|
Modify %fn%/etc/rc.modules%%, %fn%/etc/rc.local%% and %fn%/etc/rc.conf%%
|
|
according to your needs.
|
|
|
|
!!! [[#ConfigurationVariables]] Configuration Variables in /etc/rc.conf
|
|
|
|
The following configuration variables are found in %fn%/etc/rc.conf%%.
|
|
|
|
(:table cellpadding="3" rules="all" frame="box":)
|
|
(:cell align=center:)'''Variable'''
|
|
(:cell align=center:)'''Description'''
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)FONT
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies which console font to load at system startup. The contents of this
|
|
variable will be passed as argument to '''setfont(1)'''. The available fonts are
|
|
located in %fn%/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/%%.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@FONT=default@@
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)KEYMAP
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies which console keyboard map to load at system startup. The contents of
|
|
this variable will be passed as argument to '''loadkeys(1)'''. The available
|
|
keyboard maps are located in %fn%/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/%%.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@KEYMAP=sv-latin1@@
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)TIMEZONE
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies the timezone used by the system. The available zone description files
|
|
are located in %fn%/usr/share/zoneinfo/%%.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@TIMEZONE=Europe/Stockholm@@
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)HOSTNAME
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies the hostname.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@HOSTNAME=pluto@@
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)SYSLOG
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies the system logging daemon(s) to run at startup.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@SYSLOG=sysklogd@@
|
|
(:cellnr valign=center:)SERVICES
|
|
(:cell:)
|
|
Specifies which services to start at system startup. The services specified in
|
|
this array must have a matching start/stop script in %fn%/etc/rc.d/%%. When
|
|
entering multi-user mode the specified scripts will be called in the specified
|
|
order with the argument '''start'''. At system shutdown or when entering
|
|
single-user mode these scripts will be called in the reverse order with the
|
|
argument '''stop'''.
|
|
|
|
[-Example:-] @@SERVICES=(crond lo net sshd)@@
|
|
(:tableend:)
|
|
|
|
!!! [[#LocaleGeneration]] Generating locales
|
|
Starting with CRUX 2.5, glibc does not contain all possible locales anymore,
|
|
thus you'll have to generate the locales you need/use. To ensure proper
|
|
operation of %fn%pkgmk%%, the locale C.UTF-8 is generated as part of the CRUX
|
|
installation. Any other desired locales must be created by the administrator. A
|
|
typical setup for swedish users would use the following commands, so replace
|
|
@@sv_SE*@@ with the locale you want:
|
|
|
|
# localedef -i sv_SE -f ISO-8859-1 sv_SE
|
|
# localedef -i sv_SE -f ISO-8859-1 sv_SE.ISO-8859-1
|
|
# localedef -i sv_SE -f UTF-8 sv_SE.UTF-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
!!! Network Configuration
|
|
|
|
The network configuration is found in the service script %fn%/etc/rc.d/net%%. To
|
|
enable this service you need to add net to the SERVICES array in
|
|
%fn%/etc/rc.conf%%. By default this service script configures a dynamic IP
|
|
address. Example:
|
|
|
|
[@
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
# /etc/rc.d/net: start/stop network interface
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# Connection type: "DHCP" or "static"
|
|
TYPE="DHCP"
|
|
|
|
# For "static" connections, specify your settings here:
|
|
# To see your available devices run "ip link".
|
|
DEV=enp11s0
|
|
ADDR=192.168.1.100
|
|
MASK=24
|
|
GW=192.168.1.1
|
|
|
|
# Optional settings:
|
|
DHCPOPTS="-h `/bin/hostname` -t 10"
|
|
|
|
case $1 in
|
|
start)
|
|
if [ "${TYPE}" = "DHCP" ]; then
|
|
/sbin/dhcpcd ${DHCPOPTS}
|
|
else
|
|
/sbin/ip addr add ${ADDR}/${MASK} dev ${DEV} broadcast +
|
|
/sbin/ip link set ${DEV} up
|
|
/sbin/ip route add default via ${GW}
|
|
fi
|
|
;;
|
|
stop)
|
|
if [ "${TYPE}" = "DHCP" ]; then
|
|
/sbin/dhcpcd -x
|
|
else
|
|
/sbin/ip route del default
|
|
/sbin/ip link set ${DEV} down
|
|
/sbin/ip addr del ${ADDR}/${MASK} dev ${DEV}
|
|
fi
|
|
;;
|
|
restart)
|
|
$0 stop
|
|
$0 start
|
|
;;
|
|
*)
|
|
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|restart]"
|
|
;;
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
# End of file
|
|
@]
|
|
|
|
If you want to configure your system to use a static IP address, specify
|
|
TYPE=static and the correct interface. You will also need to configure DNS
|
|
settings in /etc/resolv.conf. Example:
|
|
|
|
[@
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
# /etc/rc.d/net: start/stop network interface
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# Connection type: "DHCP" or "static"
|
|
TYPE="static"
|
|
|
|
# For "static" connections, specify your settings here:
|
|
# To see your available devices run "ip link".
|
|
DEV=enp11s0
|
|
ADDR=192.168.1.100
|
|
MASK=24
|
|
GW=192.168.1.1
|
|
|
|
# Optional settings:
|
|
DHCPOPTS="-h `/bin/hostname` -t 10"
|
|
|
|
case $1 in
|
|
start)
|
|
if [ "${TYPE}" == "DHCP" ]; then
|
|
/sbin/dhcpcd ${DHCPOPTS}
|
|
else
|
|
/sbin/ip addr add ${ADDR}/${MASK} dev ${DEV} broadcast +
|
|
/sbin/ip link set ${DEV} up
|
|
/sbin/ip route add default via ${GW}
|
|
fi
|
|
;;
|
|
stop)
|
|
if [ "${TYPE}" == "DHCP" ]; then
|
|
/sbin/dhcpcd -x
|
|
else
|
|
/sbin/ip route del default
|
|
/sbin/ip link set ${DEV} down
|
|
/sbin/ip addr del ${ADDR}/${MASK} dev ${DEV}
|
|
fi
|
|
;;
|
|
restart)
|
|
$0 stop
|
|
$0 start
|
|
;;
|
|
*)
|
|
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|restart]"
|
|
;;
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
# End of file
|
|
@]
|
|
|
|
[@
|
|
#
|
|
# /etc/resolv.conf: resolver configuration file
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
search your internal domain>
|
|
nameserver your DNS server>
|
|
|
|
# End of file
|
|
@]
|
|
|
|
To associate with a WPA2-protected wireless network, you should first create a
|
|
configuration file for %fn%wpa_supplicant%% to use, then launch wpa_supplicant
|
|
on that interface.
|
|
|
|
$ wpa-passphrase MYNETWORK MYPASSWORD > /etc/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
|
|
$ wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
|
|
|
|
-> Replace '''wlan0''' with the name of your actual network interface. Run
|
|
%fn%ip link%% to see the list of all available interfaces.
|
|
|
|
If the %fn%wpa_supplicant%% output indicates a successful authentication, you
|
|
can background the process and run %fn%dhcpcd wlan0%% to request an address from
|
|
the DHCP server.
|
|
|
|
The '''wpa_supplicant''' package provides two startup scripts in
|
|
%fn%/etc/rc.d%%. You might choose to put '''wlan''' in the SERVICES array of
|
|
%fn%/etc/rc.conf%% (replacing '''net'''), which will let %fn%wpa_supplicant%%
|
|
manage all your network interfaces. Another option is to let the '''net'''
|
|
startup script call %fn%wpa_supplicant%% as needed, by copying into
|
|
%fn%/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks/%% the example file
|
|
%fn%/usr/share/dhcpcd/hooks/10-wpa_supplicant%%.
|
|
|
|
!! Passwords and User Environment
|
|
|
|
CRUX uses SHA512 passwords by default. To change the password encryption method
|
|
set the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable in %fn%/etc/login.defs%% to DES, MD5 or SHA256.
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, when compiling programs that use the @@crypt(3)@@ function to
|
|
authenticate users you should make sure that these programs are linked against
|
|
the %fn%libcrypt%% library (i.e. use '''-lcrypt''' when linking) which contains
|
|
the SHA512 version of the crypt function (this version is backwards compatible
|
|
and understands DES passwords as well).
|
|
|
|
Also configurable in %fn%/etc/login.defs%% are the settings that govern how
|
|
@@useradd(8)@@ behaves when you create a new non-root user, such as CREATE_HOME
|
|
and USERGROUPS_ENAB. First-time CRUX administrators might be surprised to learn
|
|
that creating a new user via %fn%useradd -m%% will not automatically populate
|
|
the home directory with a basic shell startup file, as happens on other Linux
|
|
distributions whose %fn%/etc/skel/%% contains their idea of an initial home
|
|
directory. No such decisions are imposed on CRUX administrators, who get to work
|
|
with the upstream tools in their unmodified state.
|
|
|
|
The core packages '''linux-pam''' and '''dumb_runtime_dir''', and the contrib
|
|
package '''pam_xdg''', provide a number of modules that can be loaded upon
|
|
logging in. The files in %fn%/etc/pam.d%% govern the association between
|
|
the type of login (eg., tty, SSH, su, X Display Manager) and the modules that
|
|
get loaded (eg., pam_env, pam_exec, pam_limits). Some typical situations that
|
|
can be handled cleanly with PAM modules are listed in the table below.
|
|
|
|
||cellpadding="3" rules="all" frame="box"
|
|
||! file in /etc/pam.d ||! Typical usage
|
|
||%fn%pam_env.so%% || export some common environment variables, no matter what login shell the user has chosen
|
|
||%fn%pam_limits.so%% || increase the allowed number of opened files, to ensure proper operation of some games
|
|
||%fn%pam_xauth.so%% || grant another user access to the X display of the logged-in user, so that programs invoked with ''su'' can work properly
|
|
||%fn%pam_mount.so%% || automatically mount a LUKS-encrypted home partition after successful authentication
|
|
||%fn%pam_dumb_runtime_dir.so%% || create an XDG_RUNTIME_DIR for applications that conform to the freedesktop.org specification
|
|
||%fn%pam_xdg.so%% || export the XDG environment variables defined in the freedesktop.org specification
|
|
|
|
If you find yourself in one of the situations in the table above, read the man
|
|
page for the corresponding PAM module to learn how to accomplish the desired
|
|
configuration.
|
|
|
|
!! Upgrading the Kernel
|
|
|
|
The kernel source, which is found in %fn%/usr/src/linux-5.15.x/%% is not
|
|
installed using '''pkgadd'''. If you decide to upgrade your kernel you can
|
|
safely do so by manually replacing the kernel source with a newer version (or
|
|
unpack the newer source tree somewhere else). This will not make the package
|
|
database inconsistent (since it's not installed with '''pkgadd''') nor will it
|
|
affect the kernel headers found in %fn%/usr/include/linux%% and
|
|
%fn%/usr/include/asm%% since these are not symlinks to the kernel source, but
|
|
instead contain copies of the headers.
|