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293 lines
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293 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
===============================================================================
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= W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 =
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===============================================================================
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= C H A P T E R TWO =
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===============================================================================
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Hic Sunt Dracones: if this is your first exposure to vim and you
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intended to avail yourself of the introductory chapter, kindly type
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:q!<ENTER> and run vimtutor for Chapter 1 instead.
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The approximate time required to complete this chapter is 8-10 minutes,
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depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.1: MASTERING TEXT OBJECTS
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** Operate on logical text blocks with precision using text objects **
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1. Practice word operations:
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- Place cursor on any word in the line below
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- Type diw to delete INNER word (word without surrounding space)
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- Type daw to delete A WORD (including trailing whitespace)
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- Try with other operators: ciw (change), yiw (yank), gqiw (format)
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---> Practice on: "Vim's", (text_object), and 'powerful' words here.
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2. Work with bracketed content:
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- Put cursor inside any () {} [] <> pair below
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- Type di( or dib (delete inner bracket)
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- Type da( or dab (delete around brackets)
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- Try same with i"/a" for quotes, it/at for HTML/XML tags
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---> Test cases: {curly}, [square], <angle>, and "quoted" items.
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3. Paragraph and sentence manipulation:
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- Use dip to delete inner paragraph (cursor anywhere in paragraph)
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- Use vap to visually select entire paragraph
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- Try das to delete a sentence (works between .!? punctuation)
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4. Advanced combinations:
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- ciwnew<ESC> - Change current word to "new"
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- yss"<ESC> - Wrap entire line in quotes (vim-surround plugin style)
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- gUit - Uppercase inner HTML tag content
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- va"p - Select quoted text and paste over it
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---> Final exercise: (Modify "this" text) by [applying {various} operations]<
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.2: THE NAMED REGISTERS
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** Store two yanked words concurrently and then paste them **
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->
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2. Navigate to any point on the word 'Edward' and type "ayiw
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MNEMONIC: into register(") named (a) (y)ank (i)nner (w)ord
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3. Navigate forward to the word 'cookie' (fk or 2fc or $2b or /co<ENTER>)
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and type "byiw
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4. Navigate to any point on the word 'Vince' and type ciw<CTRL-R>a<ESC>
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MNEMONIC: (c)hange (i)nner (w)ord with <contents of (r)egister> named (a)
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5. Navigate to any point on the word 'cake' and type ciw<CTRL-R>b<ESC>
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---> a) Edward will henceforth be in charge of the cookie rations
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b) In this capacity, Vince will have sole cake discretionary powers
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NOTE: Delete also works into registers, i.e. "sdiw will delete the word under
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the cursor into register s.
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REFERENCE: Registers :h registers
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Named Registers :h quotea
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Motion :h motion.txt<ENTER> /inner<ENTER>
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CTRL-R :h insert<ENTER> /CTRL-R<ENTER>
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.3: THE EXPRESSION REGISTER
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** Insert the results of calculations on the fly **
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->
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2. Navigate to any point on the supplied number
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3. Type ciw<CTRL-R> followed by =60*60*24<ENTER>
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4. On the next line, enter insert mode and add today's date with
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<CTRL-R> followed by =system('date')<ENTER>
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NOTE: All calls to system are OS dependent, e.g. on Windows use
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system('date /t') or :r!date /t
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---> I have forgotten the exact number of seconds in a day, is it 84600?
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Today's date is:
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NOTE: the same can be achieved with :pu=system('date')
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or, with fewer keystrokes :r!date
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REFERENCE: Expression Register :h quote=
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.4: THE NUMBERED REGISTERS
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** Press yy and dd to witness their effect on the registers **
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->
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2. yank the zeroth line, then inspect registers with :reg<ENTER>
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3. delete line 0. with "cdd, then inspect registers
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(Where do you expect line 0 to be?)
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4. continue deleting each successive line, inspecting :reg as you go
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NOTE: You should notice that old full-line deletions move down the list
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as new full-line deletions are added
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5. Now (p)aste the following registers in order; c, 7, 4, 8, 2. i.e. "7p
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---> 0. This
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9. wobble
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8. secret
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7. is
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6. on
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5. axis
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4. a
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3. war
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2. message
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1. tribute
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NOTE: Whole line deletions (dd) are much longer lived in the numbered registers
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than whole line yanks, or deletions involving smaller movements
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REFERENCE: Numbered Registers :h quote0
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.5: SPECIAL REGISTERS
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** Use system clipboard and blackhole registers for advanced editing **
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Note: Clipboard use requires X11/Wayland libraries on Linux systems AND
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a Vim built with "+clipboard" (usually a Huge build). Check with
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":version" and ":echo has('clipboard_working')"
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1. Clipboard registers + and * :
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- "+y - Yank to system clipboard (e.g. "+yy for current line)
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- "+p - Paste from system clipboard
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- "* is primary selection on X11 (middle-click), "+ is clipboard
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---> Try: "+yy then paste into another application with Ctrl-V or Cmd+V
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2. Blackhole register _ discards text:
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- "_daw - Delete word without saving to any register
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- Useful when you don't want to overwrite your default " register
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- Note this is using the "a Word" text object, introduced in a previous
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lession
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- "_dd - Delete line without saving
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- "_dap - Delete paragraph without saving
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- Combine with counts: 3"_dw
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---> Practice: "_diw on any word to delete it without affecting yank history
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3. Combine with visual selections:
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- Select text with V then "+y
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- To paste from clipboard in insert mode: Ctrl-R +
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- Try opening another application and paste from clipboard
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4. Remember:
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- Clipboard registers work across different Vim instances
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- Clipboard register is not always working
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- Blackhole prevents accidental register overwrites
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- Default " register is still available for normal yank/paste
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- Named registers (a-z) remain private to each Vim session
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5. Clipboard troubleshooting:
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- Check support with :echo has('clipboard_working')
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- 1 means available, 0 means not compiled in
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- On Linux, may need vim-gtk or vim-x11 package
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(check :version output)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1.6: THE BEAUTY OF MARKS
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** Code monkey arithmetic avoidance **
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NOTE: a common conundrum when coding is moving around large chunks of code.
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The following technique helps avoid number line calculations associated
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with operations like "a147d or :945,1091d a or even worse using
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i<CTRL-R> followed by =1091-945<ENTER> first
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->
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2. Go to the first line of the function and mark it with ma
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NOTE: exact position on line is NOT important!
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3. Navigate to the end of the line and then the end of the code block
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with $%
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4. Delete the block into register a with "ad'a
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MNEMONIC: into register(") named (a) put the (d)eletion from the cursor to the
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LINE containing mark(') (a)
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5. Paste the block between BBB and CCC "ap
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NOTE: practice this operation multiple times to become fluent ma$%"ad'a
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---> AAA
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function itGotRealBigRealFast() {
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if ( somethingIsTrue ) {
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doIt()
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}
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// the taxonomy of our function has changed and it
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// no longer makes alphabetical sense in its current position
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// imagine hundreds of lines of code
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// naively you could navigate to the start and end and record or
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// remember each line number
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}
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BBB
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CCC
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NOTE: marks and registers do not share a namespace, therefore register a is
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completely independent of mark a. This is not true of registers and
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macros.
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REFERENCE: Marks :h marks
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Mark Motions :h mark-motions (difference between ' and `)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Lesson 2.1 SUMMARY
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1. Text objects provide precision editing:
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- iw/aw - inner/around word
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- i[/a[ - inner/around bracket
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- i"/a" - inner/around quotes
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- it/at - inner/around tag
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- ip/ap - inner/around paragraph
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- is/as - inner/around sentence
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2. To store (yank, delete) text into, and retrieve (paste) from, a total of
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26 registers (a-z)
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3. Yank a whole word from anywhere within a word: yiw
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4. Change a whole word from anywhere within a word: ciw
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5. Insert text directly from registers in insert mode: (C-r)a
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6. Insert the results of simple arithmetic operations: <CTRL-R> followed by
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=60*60<ENTER>
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in insert mode
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7. Insert the results of system calls: <CTRL-R> followed by
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=system('ls -1')<ENTER>
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in insert mode
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8. Inspect registers with :reg
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9. Learn the final destination of whole line deletions: dd in the numbered
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registers, i.e. descending from register 1 - 9. Appreciate that whole
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line deletions are preserved in the numbered registers longer than any
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other operation
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10. Learn the final destination of all yanks in the numbered registers and
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how ephemeral they are
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11. Place marks from command mode m[a-zA-Z0-9]
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12. Move line-wise to a mark with '
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13. Special registers:
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- "+/* - System clipboard (OS dependent)
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- "_ - Blackhole (discard deleted/yanked text)
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- "= - Expression register
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This concludes chapter two of the Vim Tutor. It is a work in progress.
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This chapter was written by Paul D. Parker.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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