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332 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
*if_pyth.txt* For Vim version 7.1a. Last change: 2006 Apr 30
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Paul Moore
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The Python Interface to Vim *python* *Python*
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1. Commands |python-commands|
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2. The vim module |python-vim|
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3. Buffer objects |python-buffer|
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4. Range objects |python-range|
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5. Window objects |python-window|
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6. Dynamic loading |python-dynamic|
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{Vi does not have any of these commands}
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The Python interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the
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|+python| feature.
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==============================================================================
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1. Commands *python-commands*
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*:python* *:py* *E205* *E263* *E264*
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:[range]py[thon] {stmt}
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Execute Python statement {stmt}.
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:[range]py[thon] << {endmarker}
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{script}
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{endmarker}
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Execute Python script {script}.
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Note: This command doesn't work when the Python
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feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see
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|script-here|.
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{endmarker} must NOT be preceded by any white space. If {endmarker} is
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omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after {script}, like
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for the |:append| and |:insert| commands.
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This form of the |:python| command is mainly useful for including python code
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in Vim scripts.
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Example: >
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function! IcecreamInitialize()
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python << EOF
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class StrawberryIcecream:
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def __call__(self):
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print 'EAT ME'
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EOF
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endfunction
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<
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Note: Python is very sensitive to the indenting. Also make sure the "class"
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line and "EOF" do not have any indent.
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*:pyfile* *:pyf*
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:[range]pyf[ile] {file}
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Execute the Python script in {file}. The whole
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argument is used as a single file name. {not in Vi}
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Both of these commands do essentially the same thing - they execute a piece of
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Python code, with the "current range" |python-range| set to the given line
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range.
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In the case of :python, the code to execute is in the command-line.
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In the case of :pyfile, the code to execute is the contents of the given file.
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Python commands cannot be used in the |sandbox|.
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To pass arguments you need to set sys.argv[] explicitly. Example: >
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:python import sys
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:python sys.argv = ["foo", "bar"]
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:pyfile myscript.py
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Here are some examples *python-examples* >
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:python from vim import *
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:python from string import upper
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:python current.line = upper(current.line)
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:python print "Hello"
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:python str = current.buffer[42]
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(Note that changes - like the imports - persist from one command to the next,
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just like in the Python interpreter.)
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==============================================================================
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2. The vim module *python-vim*
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Python code gets all of its access to vim (with one exception - see
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|python-output| below) via the "vim" module. The vim module implements two
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methods, three constants, and one error object. You need to import the vim
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module before using it: >
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:python import vim
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Overview >
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:py print "Hello" # displays a message
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:py vim.command(cmd) # execute an ex command
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:py w = vim.windows[n] # gets window "n"
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:py cw = vim.current.window # gets the current window
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:py b = vim.buffers[n] # gets buffer "n"
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:py cb = vim.current.buffer # gets the current buffer
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:py w.height = lines # sets the window height
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:py w.cursor = (row, col) # sets the window cursor position
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:py pos = w.cursor # gets a tuple (row, col)
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:py name = b.name # gets the buffer file name
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:py line = b[n] # gets a line from the buffer
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:py lines = b[n:m] # gets a list of lines
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:py num = len(b) # gets the number of lines
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:py b[n] = str # sets a line in the buffer
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:py b[n:m] = [str1, str2, str3] # sets a number of lines at once
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:py del b[n] # deletes a line
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:py del b[n:m] # deletes a number of lines
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Methods of the "vim" module
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vim.command(str) *python-command*
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Executes the vim (ex-mode) command str. Returns None.
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Examples: >
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:py vim.command("set tw=72")
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:py vim.command("%s/aaa/bbb/g")
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< The following definition executes Normal mode commands: >
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def normal(str):
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vim.command("normal "+str)
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# Note the use of single quotes to delimit a string containing
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# double quotes
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normal('"a2dd"aP')
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< *E659*
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The ":python" command cannot be used recursively with Python 2.2 and
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older. This only works with Python 2.3 and later: >
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:py vim.command("python print 'Hello again Python'")
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vim.eval(str) *python-eval*
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Evaluates the expression str using the vim internal expression
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evaluator (see |expression|). Returns the expression result as:
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- a string if the Vim expression evaluates to a string or number
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- a list if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim list
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- a dictionary if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim dictionary
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Dictionaries and lists are recursively expanded.
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Examples: >
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:py text_width = vim.eval("&tw")
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:py str = vim.eval("12+12") # NB result is a string! Use
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# string.atoi() to convert to
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# a number.
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:py tagList = vim.eval('taglist("eval_expr")')
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< The latter will return a python list of python dicts, for instance:
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[{'cmd': '/^eval_expr(arg, nextcmd)$/', 'static': 0, 'name':
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'eval_expr', 'kind': 'f', 'filename': './src/eval.c'}]
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Error object of the "vim" module
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vim.error *python-error*
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Upon encountering a Vim error, Python raises an exception of type
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vim.error.
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Example: >
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try:
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vim.command("put a")
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except vim.error:
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# nothing in register a
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Constants of the "vim" module
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Note that these are not actually constants - you could reassign them.
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But this is silly, as you would then lose access to the vim objects
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to which the variables referred.
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vim.buffers *python-buffers*
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A sequence object providing access to the list of vim buffers. The
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object supports the following operations: >
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:py b = vim.buffers[i] # Indexing (read-only)
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:py b in vim.buffers # Membership test
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:py n = len(vim.buffers) # Number of elements
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:py for b in vim.buffers: # Sequential access
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<
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vim.windows *python-windows*
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A sequence object providing access to the list of vim windows. The
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object supports the following operations: >
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:py w = vim.windows[i] # Indexing (read-only)
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:py w in vim.windows # Membership test
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:py n = len(vim.windows) # Number of elements
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:py for w in vim.windows: # Sequential access
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<
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vim.current *python-current*
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An object providing access (via specific attributes) to various
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"current" objects available in vim:
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vim.current.line The current line (RW) String
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vim.current.buffer The current buffer (RO) Buffer
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vim.current.window The current window (RO) Window
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vim.current.range The current line range (RO) Range
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The last case deserves a little explanation. When the :python or
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:pyfile command specifies a range, this range of lines becomes the
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"current range". A range is a bit like a buffer, but with all access
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restricted to a subset of lines. See |python-range| for more details.
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Output from Python *python-output*
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Vim displays all Python code output in the Vim message area. Normal
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output appears as information messages, and error output appears as
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error messages.
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In implementation terms, this means that all output to sys.stdout
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(including the output from print statements) appears as information
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messages, and all output to sys.stderr (including error tracebacks)
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appears as error messages.
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*python-input*
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Input (via sys.stdin, including input() and raw_input()) is not
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supported, and may cause the program to crash. This should probably be
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fixed.
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==============================================================================
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3. Buffer objects *python-buffer*
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Buffer objects represent vim buffers. You can obtain them in a number of ways:
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- via vim.current.buffer (|python-current|)
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- from indexing vim.buffers (|python-buffers|)
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- from the "buffer" attribute of a window (|python-window|)
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Buffer objects have one read-only attribute - name - the full file name for
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the buffer. They also have three methods (append, mark, and range; see below).
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You can also treat buffer objects as sequence objects. In this context, they
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act as if they were lists (yes, they are mutable) of strings, with each
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element being a line of the buffer. All of the usual sequence operations,
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including indexing, index assignment, slicing and slice assignment, work as
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you would expect. Note that the result of indexing (slicing) a buffer is a
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string (list of strings). This has one unusual consequence - b[:] is different
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from b. In particular, "b[:] = None" deletes the whole of the buffer, whereas
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"b = None" merely updates the variable b, with no effect on the buffer.
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Buffer indexes start at zero, as is normal in Python. This differs from vim
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line numbers, which start from 1. This is particularly relevant when dealing
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with marks (see below) which use vim line numbers.
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The buffer object methods are:
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b.append(str) Append a line to the buffer
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b.append(list) Append a list of lines to the buffer
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Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
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the append method differs from the equivalent method
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for Python's built-in list objects.
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b.mark(name) Return a tuple (row,col) representing the position
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of the named mark (can also get the []"<> marks)
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b.range(s,e) Return a range object (see |python-range|) which
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represents the part of the given buffer between line
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numbers s and e |inclusive|.
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Note that when adding a line it must not contain a line break character '\n'.
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A trailing '\n' is allowed and ignored, so that you can do: >
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:py b.append(f.readlines())
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Examples (assume b is the current buffer) >
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:py print b.name # write the buffer file name
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:py b[0] = "hello!!!" # replace the top line
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:py b[:] = None # delete the whole buffer
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:py del b[:] # delete the whole buffer
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:py b[0:0] = [ "a line" ] # add a line at the top
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:py del b[2] # delete a line (the third)
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:py b.append("bottom") # add a line at the bottom
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:py n = len(b) # number of lines
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:py (row,col) = b.mark('a') # named mark
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:py r = b.range(1,5) # a sub-range of the buffer
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==============================================================================
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4. Range objects *python-range*
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Range objects represent a part of a vim buffer. You can obtain them in a
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number of ways:
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- via vim.current.range (|python-current|)
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- from a buffer's range() method (|python-buffer|)
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A range object is almost identical in operation to a buffer object. However,
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all operations are restricted to the lines within the range (this line range
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can, of course, change as a result of slice assignments, line deletions, or
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the range.append() method).
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The range object attributes are:
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r.start Index of first line into the buffer
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r.end Index of last line into the buffer
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The range object methods are:
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r.append(str) Append a line to the range
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r.append(list) Append a list of lines to the range
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Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
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the append method differs from the equivalent method
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for Python's built-in list objects.
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Example (assume r is the current range):
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# Send all lines in a range to the default printer
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vim.command("%d,%dhardcopy!" % (r.start+1,r.end+1))
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==============================================================================
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5. Window objects *python-window*
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Window objects represent vim windows. You can obtain them in a number of ways:
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- via vim.current.window (|python-current|)
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- from indexing vim.windows (|python-windows|)
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You can manipulate window objects only through their attributes. They have no
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methods, and no sequence or other interface.
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Window attributes are:
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buffer (read-only) The buffer displayed in this window
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cursor (read-write) The current cursor position in the window
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This is a tuple, (row,col).
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height (read-write) The window height, in rows
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width (read-write) The window width, in columns
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The height attribute is writable only if the screen is split horizontally.
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The width attribute is writable only if the screen is split vertically.
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==============================================================================
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6. Dynamic loading *python-dynamic*
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On MS-Windows the Python library can be loaded dynamically. The |:version|
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output then includes |+python/dyn|.
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This means that Vim will search for the Python DLL file only when needed.
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When you don't use the Python interface you don't need it, thus you can use
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Vim without this DLL file.
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To use the Python interface the Python DLL must be in your search path. In a
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console window type "path" to see what directories are used.
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The name of the DLL must match the Python version Vim was compiled with.
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Currently the name is "python24.dll". That is for Python 2.4. To know for
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sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for "python\d*.dll\c".
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==============================================================================
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vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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