In most get-like funcitons libstrophe returns pointer to a string
that resides in an internal structure (e.g. xmpp_stanza_t). Hence,
Profanity must not change such strings. Define respective variables
as 'const char*' to reduce a chance of error and conform future
libstrophe's interface.
This patch mostly replaces 'char *' with 'const char*', but also
fixes two memory leaks after stanza_get_reason(). Add comment within
stanza_get_reason() to fix conflict with different allocator types.