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511 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
Vendored
511 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
Vendored
# testfixtures
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[![PkgGoDev](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/v3?tab=doc)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/v3?tab=doc)
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> ***Warning***: this package will wipe the database data before loading the
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fixtures! It is supposed to be used on a test database. Please, double check
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if you are running it against the correct database.
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> **TIP**: There are options not described in this README page. It's
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> recommended that you also check [the documentation][doc].
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Writing tests is hard, even more when you have to deal with an SQL database.
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This package aims to make writing functional tests for web apps written in
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Go easier.
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Basically this package mimics the ["Ruby on Rails' way"][railstests] of writing tests
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for database applications, where sample data is kept in fixtures files. Before
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the execution of every test, the test database is cleaned and the fixture data
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is loaded into the database.
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The idea is running tests against a real database, instead of relying in mocks,
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which is boring to setup and may lead to production bugs not being caught in
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the tests.
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## Installation
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First, import it like this:
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```go
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import (
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"github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/v3"
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)
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```
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## Usage
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Create a folder for the fixture files. Each file should contain data for a
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single table and have the name `<table_name>.yml`:
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```
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myapp/
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myapp.go
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myapp_test.go
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...
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fixtures/
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posts.yml
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comments.yml
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tags.yml
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posts_tags.yml
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...
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```
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The file would look like this (it can have as many record you want):
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```yml
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# comments.yml
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- id: 1
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post_id: 1
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content: A comment...
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author_name: John Doe
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author_email: john@doe.com
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created_at: 2020-12-31 23:59:59
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updated_at: 2020-12-31 23:59:59
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- id: 2
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post_id: 2
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content: Another comment...
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author_name: John Doe
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author_email: john@doe.com
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created_at: 2020-12-31 23:59:59
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updated_at: 2020-12-31 23:59:59
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# ...
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```
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An YAML object or array will be converted to JSON. It will be stored on a native
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JSON type like JSONB on PostgreSQL & CockroachDB or as a TEXT or VARCHAR column on other
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databases.
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```yml
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- id: 1
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post_attributes:
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author: John Due
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author_email: john@due.com
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title: "..."
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tags:
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- programming
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- go
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- testing
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post: "..."
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```
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Binary columns can be represented as hexadecimal strings (should start with `0x`):
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```yaml
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- id: 1
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binary_column: 0x1234567890abcdef
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```
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If you need to write raw SQL, probably to call a function, prefix the value
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of the column with `RAW=`:
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```yml
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- id: 1
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uuid_column: RAW=uuid_generate_v4()
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postgis_type_column: RAW=ST_GeomFromText('params...')
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created_at: RAW=NOW()
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updated_at: RAW=NOW()
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```
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Your tests would look like this:
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```go
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package myapp
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import (
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"database/sql"
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_ "github.com/lib/pq"
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"github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/v3"
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)
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var (
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db *sql.DB
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fixtures *testfixtures.Loader
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)
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func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
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var err error
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// Open connection to the test database.
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// Do NOT import fixtures in a production database!
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// Existing data would be deleted.
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db, err = sql.Open("postgres", "dbname=myapp_test")
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if err != nil {
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...
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}
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fixtures, err = testfixtures.New(
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testfixtures.Database(db), // You database connection
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"), // Available: "postgresql", "timescaledb", "mysql", "mariadb", "sqlite" and "sqlserver"
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testfixtures.Directory("testdata/fixtures"), // The directory containing the YAML files
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)
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if err != nil {
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...
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}
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os.Exit(m.Run())
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}
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func prepareTestDatabase() {
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if err := fixtures.Load(); err != nil {
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...
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}
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}
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func TestX(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// Your test here ...
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}
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func TestY(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// Your test here ...
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}
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func TestZ(t *testing.T) {
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prepareTestDatabase()
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// Your test here ...
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}
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```
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Alternatively, you can use the `Files` option, to specify which
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files you want to load into the database:
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```go
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fixtures, err := testfixtures.New(
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testfixtures.Database(db),
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"),
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testfixtures.Files(
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"fixtures/orders.yml",
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"fixtures/customers.yml",
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),
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)
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if err != nil {
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...
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}
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```
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With `Paths` option, you can specify the paths that fixtures will load
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from. Path can be directory or file. If directory, we will search YAML files
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in it.
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```go
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fixtures, err := testfixtures.New(
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testfixtures.Database(db),
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"),
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testfixtures.Paths(
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"fixtures/orders.yml",
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"fixtures/customers.yml",
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"common_fixtures/users"
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),
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)
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if err != nil {
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...
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}
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```
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## Security check
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In order to prevent you from accidentally wiping the wrong database, this
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package will refuse to load fixtures if the database name (or database
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filename for SQLite) doesn't contains "test". If you want to disable this
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check, use:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.DangerousSkipTestDatabaseCheck(),
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)
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```
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## Sequences
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For PostgreSQL and MySQL/MariaDB, this package also resets all
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sequences to a high number to prevent duplicated primary keys while
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running the tests.
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The default is 10000, but you can change that with:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.ResetSequencesTo(10000),
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)
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```
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Or, if you want to skip the reset of sequences entirely:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.SkipResetSequences(),
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)
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```
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## Compatible databases
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### PostgreSQL / TimescaleDB / CockroachDB
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This package has three approaches to disable foreign keys while importing fixtures
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for PostgreSQL databases:
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#### With `DISABLE TRIGGER`
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This is the default approach. For that use:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"), // or "timescaledb"
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)
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```
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With the above snippet this package will use `DISABLE TRIGGER` to temporarily
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disabling foreign key constraints while loading fixtures. This work with any
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version of PostgreSQL, but it is **required** to be connected in the database
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as a SUPERUSER. You can make a PostgreSQL user a SUPERUSER with:
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```sql
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ALTER USER your_user SUPERUSER;
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```
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#### With `ALTER CONSTRAINT`
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This approach don't require to be connected as a SUPERUSER, but only work with
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PostgreSQL versions >= 9.4. Try this if you are getting foreign key violation
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errors with the previous approach. It is as simple as using:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"),
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testfixtures.UseAlterConstraint(),
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)
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```
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#### With `DROP CONSTRAINT`
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This approach is implemented to support databases that do not support above
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methods (namely CockroachDB).
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("postgres"),
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testfixtures.UseDropConstraint(),
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)
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```
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Tested using the [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq) and
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[github.com/jackc/pgx](https://github.com/jackc/pgx) drivers.
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### MySQL / MariaDB
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Just make sure the connection string have
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[the multistatement parameter](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#multistatements)
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set to true, and use:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("mysql"), // or "mariadb"
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)
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```
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Tested using the [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql) driver.
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### SQLite
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SQLite is also supported. It is recommended to create foreign keys as
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`DEFERRABLE` (the default) to prevent problems. See more
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[on the SQLite documentation](https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html#fk_deferred).
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(Foreign key constraints are no-op by default on SQLite, but enabling it is
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recommended).
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("sqlite"),
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)
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```
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Tested using the [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3) driver.
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### Microsoft SQL Server
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SQL Server support requires SQL Server >= 2008. Inserting on `IDENTITY` columns
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are handled as well. Just make sure you are logged in with a user with
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`ALTER TABLE` permission.
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Dialect("sqlserver"),
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)
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```
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Tested using the `mssql` and `sqlserver` drivers from the
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[github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb](https://github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb) lib.
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## Templating
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Testfixtures supports templating, but it's disabled by default. Most people
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won't need it, but it may be useful to dynamically generate data.
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Enable it by doing:
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```go
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testfixtures.New(
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...
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testfixtures.Template(),
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// the above options are optional
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TemplateFuncs(...),
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TemplateDelims("{{", "}}"),
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TemplateOptions("missingkey=zero"),
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TemplateData(...),
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)
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```
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The YAML file could look like this:
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```yaml
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# It's possible generate values...
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- id: {{sha256 "my-awesome-post}}
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title: My Awesome Post
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text: {{randomText}}
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# ... or records
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{{range $post := $.Posts}}
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- id: {{$post.Id}}
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title: {{$post.Title}}
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text: {{$post.Text}}
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{{end}}
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```
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## Generating fixtures for a existing database
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The following code will generate a YAML file for each table of the database
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into a given folder. It may be useful to boostrap a test scenario from a sample
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database of your app.
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```go
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dumper, err := testfixtures.NewDumper(
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testfixtures.DumpDatabase(db),
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testfixtures.DumpDialect("postgres"), // or your database of choice
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testfixtures.DumpDirectory("tmp/fixtures"),
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testfixtures.DumpTables( // optional, will dump all table if not given
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"posts",
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"comments",
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"tags",
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),
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)
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if err != nil {
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...
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}
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if err := dumper.Dump(); err != nil {
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...
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}
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```
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> This was intended to run in small sample databases. It will likely break
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if run in a production/big database.
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## Gotchas
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### Parallel testing
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This library doesn't yet support running tests in parallel! Running tests
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in parallel can result in random data being present in the database, which
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will likely cause tests to randomly/intermittently fail.
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This is specially tricky since it's not immediately clear that `go test ./...`
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run tests for each package in parallel. If more than one package use this
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library, you can face this issue. Please, use `go test -p 1 ./...` or run tests
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for each package in separated commands to fix this issue.
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If you're looking into being able to run tests in parallel you can try using
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testfixtures together with the [txdb][gotxdb] package, which allows wrapping
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each test run in a transaction.
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## CLI
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We also have a CLI to load fixtures in a given database.
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Grab it from the [releases page](https://github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/releases)
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or install with Homebrew:
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```bash
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brew install go-testfixtures/tap/testfixtures
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```
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Usage is like this:
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```bash
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# load
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testfixtures -d postgres -c "postgres://user:password@localhost/database" -D testdata/fixtures
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```
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```bash
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# dump
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testfixtures --dump -d postgres -c "postgres://user:password@localhost/database" -D testdata/fixtures
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```
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The connection string changes for each database driver.
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Use `testfixtures --help` for all flags.
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## Contributing
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We recommend you to [install Task](https://taskfile.dev/#/installation) and
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Docker before contributing to this package, since some stuff is automated
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using these tools.
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It's recommended to use Docker Compose to run tests, since it runs tests for
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all supported databases once. To do that you just need to run:
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```bash
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task docker
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```
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But if you want to run tests locally, copy the `.sample.env` file as `.env`
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and edit it according to your database setup. You'll need to create a database
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(likely names `testfixtures_test`) before continuing. Then run the command
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for the database you want to run tests against:
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```bash
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task test:pg # PostgreSQL
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task test:crdb # CockroachDB
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task test:mysql # MySQL
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task test:sqlite # SQLite
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task test:sqlserver # Microsoft SQL Server
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```
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GitHub Actions (CI) runs the same Docker setup available locally.
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## Alternatives
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If you don't think using fixtures is a good idea, you can try one of these
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packages instead:
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- [factory-go][factorygo]: Factory for Go. Inspired by Python's Factory Boy
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and Ruby's Factory Girl
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- [go-txdb (Single transaction SQL driver for Go)][gotxdb]: Use a single
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database transaction for each functional test, so you can rollback to
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previous state between tests to have the same database state in all tests
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- [go-sqlmock][gosqlmock]: A mock for the sql.DB interface. This allow you to
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unit test database code without having to connect to a real database
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- [dbcleaner][dbcleaner] - Clean database for testing, inspired by
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database_cleaner for Ruby
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[doc]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-testfixtures/testfixtures/v3?tab=doc
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[railstests]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/testing.html#the-test-database
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[gotxdb]: https://github.com/DATA-DOG/go-txdb
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[gosqlmock]: https://github.com/DATA-DOG/go-sqlmock
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[factorygo]: https://github.com/bluele/factory-go
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[dbcleaner]: https://github.com/khaiql/dbcleaner
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